研究生入學(xué)考試-2012年考研英語真題

研究生入學(xué)考試2012年考研英語真題Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoney,youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.___1___,atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeed,predictionsofsuchasocietyhavebeen___2___fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpayment“wouldsoonrevolutionizethevery___3___moneyitself,”onlyto___4___itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso___5___incoming?Althoughe-moneymightbemoreconvenientandmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaper,severalfactorswork__6___thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.First,itisvery___7___tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecommunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe___8___formofpayment.Second,papercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey___9___receipts,somethingthatmanyconsumersareunwillingto___10___.Third,theuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof"float"-ittakesseveraldays___11___acheckiscashedandfundsare___12___fromtheissuer'saccount,whichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcanearninterestonthefundsinthemeantime.___13___electronicpaymentsareimmediate,theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.Fourth,electronicmeansofpayment___14___securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation___15___there.Becausethisisnotan___16___occurrence,unscrupulouspersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand___17___fundsbymovingthemfromsomeoneelse’saccountsintotheirow___18___ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytask,andawholenewfieldofcomputersciencehasdevelopedto___19___securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic___20___thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldataonbuyinghabits.Thereareworriesthatgovernment,employers,andmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedata,therebyencroachingonourprivacy.[A]However[B]Moreover[C]Therefore[D]Otherwise[A]off[B]back[C]over[D]around[A]power[B]concept[C]history[D]role[A]reward[B]resist[C]resume[D]reverse[A]silent[B]sudden[C]slow[D]steady[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]on[A]imaginative[B]expensive[C]sensitive[D]productive[A]similar[B]original[C]temporary[D]dominant[A]collect[B]provide[C]copy[D]print[A]giveup[B]takeover[C]bringback[D]passdown[A]before[B]after[C]since[D]when[A]kept[B]borrowed[C]released[D]withdrawn[A]Unless[B]Until[C]Because[D]Though[A]hide[B]express[C]raise[D]ease[A]analyzed[B]shared[C]stored[D]displayed[A]unsafe[B]unnatural[C]uncommon[D]unclear[A]steal[B]choose[C]benefit[D]return[A]consideration[B]prevention[C]manipulation[D]justification[A]copewith[B]fightagainst[C]adaptto[D]callfor[A]chunk[B]chip[C]path[D]trailDirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Inanessayentitled“MakingItinAmerica”,theauthorAdamDavidsonrelatesajokefromcottonaboutjusthowmuchamoderntextilemillhasbeenautomated:Theaveragemillonlytwoemployeestoday,”amanandadog.Thistheretofeedthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.”Davidson’sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-classincomestodayisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworker.Inthepast,workerswithaverageskills,doinganaveragejob，couldearnanaveragelifestyle,But,today,averageisofficiallyover.Beingaveragejustwon’tearnyouwhatitusedto.Itcan’twhensomanymoreemplomoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,cheapsoftware,cheapautomationandcheapgenius.Therefore,everyoneneedstofindtheirextra-theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment.Yes,newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever,andalwayswill.Butthere’sbeenanacceleration.AsDavidsnotes,”Inthe10yearsendingin2009,[U.S.]factoriesshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprevious70years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs-about6millionintotal-disappeared.Therewillalwaysbechanged-newjobs,newproducts,newservices.ButtheonethingweknowforsureisthatwitheachadvanceinglobalizationandtheI.T.revolution,thebestjobswillrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselvesaboveaverage.Inaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyover,therearemanythingsweneedtodotosupportemployment,butnothingwouldbemoreimportantthanpassingsomekindofG.I.Billforthe21stcenturythatensuresthateveryAmericanhasaccesstopoet-highschooleducation.ThejokeinParagraph1isusedtoillustrate_______[A]theimpactoftechnologicaladvances[B]thealleviationofjobpressure[C]theshrinkageoftextilemills[D]thedeclineofmiddle-classincomesAccordingtoParagraph3,tobeasuccessfulemployee,onehasto______[A]workoncheapsoftware[B]askforamoderatesalary[C]adoptanaveragelifestyle[D]contributesomethinguniqueThequotationinParagraph4explainsthat______gainsoftechnologyhavebeenerasedjobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighspeedfactoriesaremakingmuchlessmoneythanbeforenewjobsandserviceshavebeenoffered24.Accordingtotheauthor,toreduceunemployment,themostimportantis_____toacceleratetheI.T.revolutiontoensuremoreeducationforpeopleroadvanceeconomicglobalizationtopassmorebillsinthe21stcenturyWhichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?[A]NewLawTakesEffect[B]TechnologyGoesCheap[C]AverageIsOver[D]RecessionIsBadText2Acenturyago,theimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticincluedsettlersandsojourners.AlongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostay,and7millinpeoplearrivedwhileabout2milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexanmle,eventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,“uccellidipassaggio,”birdsofpassage.Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedividenemcomersintotwocategories:legalorillegal,goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,orourbrokenimmigrantionsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofixit.Wedon’tneedmorecategories,butweneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategorieds.toWenelookbeyondstrickdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostart,wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,thoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealth-careaidesandphysicistsareamongtoday’sbirdsofpassage.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyandideas.Theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem,Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,jurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbeproductiveforawhilewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.Weneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwonationshonorably.Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle.Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmanagingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes.Includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem.“Birdsofpassage”referstothosewho____[A]immigrateacrosstheAtlantic.[B]leavetheirhomecountriesforgood.[C]stayinaforegintemporaily.[D]findpermanentjobsoverseas.Itisimpliedinparagraph2thatthecurrentimmigrationstystemintheUS____[A]needsnewimmigrantcategories.[B]hasloosenedcontroloverimmigrants.[C]shouldbeadoptedtomeetchallenges.[D]hasbeenfixeedviapoliticalmeans.28Accordingtotheauthor,today’sbirdsofpassagewant___fiancialincentives.aglobalrecognition.opportunitiestogetregularjobs.thefreedomtostayandleave.29Theauthorsuggeststhatthebirdsofpassagetodayshouldbetreated__asfaithfulpartners.witheconomicfavors.withlegaltolerance.asmightyrivals.30whichofthebesttitleforthepassage?comeandgo:bigmistake.livingandthriving:greatrisk.withorwithout:greatrisk.legalorillegal:bigmistake.Text3Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreactions,ifwetakeamomentandthinkabouthowwearelikelytoreact,wecanreduceoreveneliminatethenegativeeffectsofourquick,hard-wiredresponses.Snapdecisionscanbeimportantdefensemechanisms;ifwearejudgingwhethersomeoneisdangerous,ourbrainsandbodiesarehard-wiredtoreactveryquickly,withinmilliseconds.Butweneedmoretimetoassessotherfactors.Toaccuratelytellwhethersomeoneissociable,studiesshow,weneedatleastaminute,preferablyfive.Ittakesawhiletojudgecomplexaspectsofpersonality,likeneuroticismoropen-mindedness.Butsnapdecisionsinreactiontorapidstimuliaren’toexclusivetheinterpersonalrealm.PsychologistsattheUniversityofTorontofoundthatviewingafast-foodlogoforjustafewmillisecondsprimesustoread20percentfaster,eventhoughreadinghaslittletodowitheating.Weunconsciouslyassociatefastfoodwithspeedandimpatienceandcarrythoseimpulsesintowhateverelsewe’redoing,Subjects-exposedfoodflashestofastalsotendtothinkamusicalpiecelaststoolong.Yetwecanreversesuchinfluences.Ifweknowwewilloverreacttoconsumerproductsorhousingoptionswhenweseeahappyface(onereasongoodsalesrepresentativesandrealestateagentsarealwayssmiling),wecantakeamomentbeforebuying.Ifweknowfemalejobscreenersaremorelikelytorejectattractivefemaleapplicants,wecanhelpscreenersunderstandtheirbiases-orhireoutsidescreeners.JohnGottman,themarriageexpert,explainsthatwequickly“thinslice”informationreliablyonlyafterwegrounsuchsnapreactionsin“thicksliced-termstudy”.longWhenDr.Gottmanreallywantstoassesswhetheracouplewillstaytogether,heinvitesthemtohisislandretreatforamucklongerevaluation;twodays,nottwoseconds.Ourabilitytomuteourhard-wiredreactionsbypausingiswhatdifferentiatesusfromanimals:dogecanthinkaboutthefutureonlyintermittentlyorforafewminutes.Buthistoricallywehavespentabout12percentofourdayscontemplatingthelongerterm.Althoughtechnologymightchangethewaywereact,ithasn’tchangedstillhavetheimaginativecapacitytoriseabovetemptationandreversethehigh-speedtrend.Thetimeneededinmakingdecisionsmay____.[A]varyaccordingtotheurgencyofthesituation[B]provethecomplexityofourbrainreaction[C]dependontheimportanceoftheassessment[D]predeterminetheaccuracyofourjudgmentOurreactiontoafast-foodlogoshowsthatsnaodecisions____.[A]canbeassociative[B]arenotunconsciouscanbedangerousarenotimpulsive33.Toreversethenegativeinfluencesofsnapdecisions,weshould____.trustourfirstimpressiondoaspeopleusuallydothinkbeforeweactaskforexpertadviceJohnGottmansaysthatreliablesnapreactionarebasedon____.[A]criticalassessment[B]‘‘thinsliced’’studysensibleexplanationadequateinformation35.Theauthor’sattitudetowardreversingthehigh-speedtrendis____.tolerantuncertainoptimisticdoubtfulText4Europeisnotagender-equalityheaven.Inparticular,thecorporateworkplacewillneverbecompletelyfamily—friendlyuntilwomenarepartofseniormanagementdecisions,andEurope,stopcorporate-governancepositionsremainoverwhelminglymale.indeed,womenholdonly14percentofpositionsonEuropecorporateboards.TheEuropeUnionisnowconsideringlegislationtocompelcorporateboardstomaintainacertainproportionofwomen-upto60percent.Thisproposedmandatewasbornoffrustration.Lastyear,EuropeCommissionVicePresidentVivianeRedingissuedacalltovoluntaryaction.Redinginvitedcorporationstosignupforgenderbalancegoalof40percentfemaleboardmembership.Butherappealwasconsideredafailure:only24companiestookitup.DoweneedquotastoensurethatwomencancontinuetoclimbthecorporateLadderfairyastheybalanceworkandfamily?“Personally,Idon’tlikequotas,”Redingsaidrecently.“Butilikewhatthequotasdo.”Quotasgetact“openthewaytoequalityandtheybreakthroughtheglassceiling,”accordingtoReding,aresultseeninFothercountrieswithlegallybindingprovisionsonplacingwomenintopbusinesspositions.IunderstandReding’sreluctance-andherfrustration.Idon’tlikequotaseither;theyruncountertomybeliefinmeritocracy,governmentbythecapable.But,whenoneconsiderstheobstaclestoachievingthemeritocraticideal,itdoeslookasifafairerworldmustbetemporarilyordered.Afterall,fourdecadesofevidencehasnowshownthatcorporationsinEuropeastheUSareevadingthemeritocratichiringandpromotionofwomentotopposition—nomatterhowmuch“softpressure”isputuponthem.Whenwomendobreakthroughtothesummitofcorporatepower--as,forexample,SherylSandbergrecentlydidatFacebook—theyattractmassiveattentionpreciselybecausetheyremaintheexceptiontotherule.Ifappropriatepubicpolicieswereinplacetohelpallwomen---whetherCEOsortheirchildren’siverscaeg--andallfamilies,Sandbergwouldbenomorenewsworthythananyotherhighlycapablepersonlivinginamorejustsociety.IntheEuropeancorporateworkplace,generally_____.[A]womentakethelead[B]menhavethefinalsay[C]corporategovernanceisoverwhelmed[D]seniormanagementisfamily-friendlyTheEuropeanUnion’sintendedlegislationis________.[A]areflectionofgenderbalance[B]areluctantchoice[C]aresponsetoReding’scall[D]avoluntaryactionAccordingtiReding,quotasmayhelpwomen______.[A]gettopbusinesspositions[B]seethroughtheglassceiling[C]balanceworkandfamily[D]anticipatelegalresults39.Theauthor’sattitudetowardReding’sappealisoneof.skepticismobjectivenessindifferenceapprovalWomenenteringtopmanagementbecomeheadlinesduetothelackof______.[A]moresocialjustice[B]massivemediaattention[C]suitablepublicpolicies[D]greater“softpressure”PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatext.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)LivelikeapeasantBalanceyourdietShopkeepersareyourfriendsRemembertotreatyourselfSticktowhatyouneedPlanningisevervthingWastenot,wantnotThehugelypopularblogtheSkintFoodiechronicleshowTonybalanceshisloveofgoodfoodwithlivingonbenefits.Afterbills,Tonyhas60aweekto￡spend,40of￡whichgoesonfood,but10yearsagohewasearning￡130,000aIyearworkingincorporatecommunicationsandeatingatLondon'sbetftrestaurants'"atleasttwiceaweek.Thenhismarriagefailed,hiscareerburnedoutandhisdrinkingbecameserious."Thecommunitymentalhealthteamsavedmylife.AndIfeltlikethatagain,toacertaindegree,whenpeoplerespondedtotheblogsowell.ItgavemethevalidationandconfidencethatI'dlost.Butit'sstilladay-by-daything."Nowhe'slivinginacouncilflatandfieldingoffersfromliteraryagents.He'sfeelingpositive,buthe'llcarryonblogging-notabouteatingascheaplyasyoucan-"therearesomanypeopleinamuchworsestate,withbarelyanymoneytospendonfood"-buteatingwellonabudget.Here'shisadviceforeconomicalfoodies.41._____________________Impulsivespendingisn'tanoption,soplanyourweek'smenuinadvance,makingshoppinglistsforyouringredientsintheirexactquantities.IhaveanExceltemplateforaweekofbreakfast,lunchanddinner.Stoplaughing:it'snotjustcosteffectivebuthelpsyoubalanceyourdiet.It'salsoagoodideatoshopdailyinsteadofweekly,because,being-human,you'llsometimeschangeyourmindaboutwhatyoufancy.42____________________________________________________________Thisiswheresupermarketsandthci;anonymitycomeinhandy.Withthem,there'snotthesameembarrassmentaswhenbuyingonecarrotinalittlegreengrocer.Andifyouplanproperly,you'llknowthatyouonlyneed,say,350gofshinofbeefandsixrashersofbacon,notwhateverweightispre-packedinthesupermarketchiller.43_________Youmayproudlyclaimtoonlyhavefrozenpeasinthefreezer-that'snotgoodenough.Mineisfilledwithleftovers,bread,stock,meatandfish.Planningaheadshouldeliminatewastage,butifyouhavesurplusvegetablesyou'lldoavegetablesoup,andallfruitsthreateningto"gooff'willbecookedorjuiced.44___________________________________Everyonesaysthis,butitreallyisatoptipforfrugaleaters.Shopatbutchers,delisandfish-sellersregularly,evenforsmallthings,andbesuperfriendly.Soonyou'llfeelcomfortableaskingifthey'veanyknucklesofhamforsoupsandstews,orbeefbones,chickencarcassesandfishheadsforstockwhich,moreoftenthannot,Theyilletyouhaveforfree.45__________________Youwon'tbeeatingoutalot,butsaveyourpenniesandonceeveryfewmonthstreatyourselftoasetlunchatagoodrestaurant-1.75a￡weekforthreemonthsgivesyou21-morethan"￡enoughforathree-courselunchatMichelin-starredArbutus.It's16.95￡there-or12.￡99foralargepizzafromDomino's:IknowwhichI'drathereat.SectionIIITranslation46.Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishtoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Icanpickadatefromthepast53yearsandknowinstantlywhereIwas,whathappenedinthenewsandeventhedayoftheweek,I’vebeenabletodothis,sinceIwas4.Ineverfeeloverwhelmedwiththeamountofinformationmybrainabsorbs.Mymindseemstobeabletocopeandtheinformationisstoredawayneatly.WhenIthinkofasadmemory,Idowhateverybodydoes–trytoputittooneside.Idon'tthinkit'sharderformejustbecausemymemoryisclearer.Powerfulmemorydoesn'tmakemyemotionsanymoreacuteorvivid.IcanrecallthedaymygrandfatherdiedandthesadnessIfeltwhenwewenttothehospitalthedaybefore.IalsorememberthatthemusicalHairopenedonBroadwayonthesameday–theybothjustpopintomymindinthesameway.SectionIVWriting47WritingSupposeyourclassistoholdacharitysaleforkidsinneedofhelp.Writeyourclassmatesanemailtoinformthemaboutthedetailsandencouragethemtoparticipate100wordsuseLiMing.Don'twriteyouraddress.(10points)PartB(15points)48Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchartinyourwriting,youshould(1)interpretthechart,and(2)giveyourcommentsYoushouldwriteabout150words.答案：1-5:ADBDC6-10:BBDBA11-15:ADCCC16-20:CABAD【答案詳解】1.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案

][A][考點(diǎn)解析[選項(xiàng)解析

]]

此題察看邏輯關(guān)系因?yàn)椴炜催壿嬯P(guān)系，因此需要我們先對填空前后的原文信息做定位解析：填空此后的信息為

”atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.（一個(gè)無現(xiàn)金社會不太”可能立刻出現(xiàn)）都是在說我們可能立刻就進(jìn)入一個(gè)無現(xiàn)金社會，兩者之間出現(xiàn)了顯然的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此只有

，而文章以前的信息however吻合題意。B.moreover

表遞進(jìn)

C.therefore

表結(jié)果

D.Otherwise

表比較2.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案

][D][考點(diǎn)解析

]

上下文語義[選項(xiàng)解析]依照該句的but可知，其前后句子是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。后一句是說這種形式的社會并沒有真切有成就出來，因此前一句應(yīng)該為這樣的展望已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了二十年。其他選項(xiàng)不吻合題意。3.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B][考點(diǎn)解析]上下文語義及名詞辨析[選項(xiàng)解析]該句意思為，1975年的《商業(yè)周刊》展望電子支付手段“將很快完好改變錢幣自己的____”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，A.為力量C“歷史”D角“色”，語義不正確，且若是選擇role的話，應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)roles,因?yàn)槭墙疱X的作用不僅一個(gè)，故答案選B。4.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D][考點(diǎn)解析]上下文語義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)解析]依照only知道，空格地方填單詞詞義應(yīng)與前一句的

”revolutionize（變”革）發(fā)生同義代替，因此ABCD四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有D.reverse（顛覆）吻合。A.reward獎(jiǎng)賞5.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C]

B.resist抵抗C.resume重新開始，連續(xù)。[考點(diǎn)解析]上下文語義及形容詞詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)解析]依照上文得知，早在1975年就展望了無現(xiàn)金社會可能立刻到來，而作者談到實(shí)質(zhì)上金社會很可能不會立刻到來”，因此這種無現(xiàn)金社會只可能緩慢到來，故答案選擇C。A.silent突然的，D.steady平穩(wěn)的。6．[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B][考點(diǎn)解析]上下文語義及介詞詞義辨析

“真切的無現(xiàn)寧靜的，B.sudden[選項(xiàng)解析]填空所在段開頭although表示對上一段的退步關(guān)系，上一段的見解為人們進(jìn)入無現(xiàn)金時(shí)代的速度變緩慢的原因。因此這一段應(yīng)該是說明盡管電子支付可能比紙幣支付方式更方便更高效，但是以下幾個(gè)方面解釋了紙幣系統(tǒng)“不會”消失的原因，只有Bworkagainst違犯、阻攔，吻合題意。A.workfor為而工作C.workwith與共事，對起作用D.workon從事工作，對起作用，都不合適。7.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B][考點(diǎn)解析]上下文語義及形容詞詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)解析]本填空所在句為對紙幣支付“不會”消失原因的講解，即實(shí)行電子支付方式不利之處。因此該題選項(xiàng)先消除productive富饒見效的。而imaginative，意思是“虛假的、富于想象力的”；sensitive，意思是“敏感的、易受傷害的”均不吻合語義，只能選擇消極含義的選項(xiàng)expensive。8．[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D][考點(diǎn)解析]上下文語義及形容詞詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)解析]空格所在句譯為...使得電子錢幣成為____支付方式，將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)帶入，合本文章的主旨，應(yīng)入選擇“占主導(dǎo)地位的，支配地位”這層意思的D選項(xiàng)。A.similar獨(dú)創(chuàng)的,都不合適。

C,D是比較合適的，再結(jié)相似的B.original原始的，9．[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B][考點(diǎn)解析]上下文語義及名詞詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)解析]紙質(zhì)支票支付擁有能夠____收據(jù)的優(yōu)勢，而客戶一般都不愿____。收據(jù)自然是由銀行開具，所以只能選擇provide。A.collect收集收據(jù)，C.copy復(fù)印收據(jù)，D.print打印收據(jù)都和實(shí)質(zhì)生活不吻合。10．[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A][考點(diǎn)解析]上下文語義及固定搭配[選項(xiàng)解析]該動(dòng)詞短語的賓語是前文的something,指代上文的advantage，紙質(zhì)支票支付能夠供應(yīng)收據(jù)這一優(yōu)勢，必然是花銷者不愿放棄的。和優(yōu)勢相搭配的動(dòng)詞短語不能夠是B.takeover接收，也不能夠是C.bringback拿回來，D.passdown傳達(dá)、遺傳也不吻合。A.giveup放棄一種優(yōu)勢，吻合語境，為正確答案。11．[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案]A[考點(diǎn)解析]上下文邏輯關(guān)系[選項(xiàng)解析]本句是來講解“float的”?？崭袂懊嬉鉃椤靶枰◣滋臁焙蟀刖湟鉃榧堉眱冬F(xiàn)。上文提到講紙支票的兌現(xiàn)不像是電子支票，是不會立刻完成的，因此在紙支票在兌現(xiàn)前若是需要時(shí)間的。Abefore在“。。。以前”。Bafter在“。。。此后”。Csince自“從”。Dwhen“當(dāng)。。。的時(shí)候”。結(jié)合上下文意思，很顯然只有A吻合語境。12.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案]D[考點(diǎn)解析]上下文語義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)解析]從“and一”詞能夠看出此題與此11題親密相連，若能正確理解上一題，此處就很簡單項(xiàng)選擇出。意思是在紙支票兌現(xiàn)及錢從帳戶取出以前，Akept?！俺帧?。Bborrowed“借”。Creleased釋“放，宣布”。Dwithdraw“取錢”。因此結(jié)合上下文能夠得出只有D項(xiàng)吻合語境。13．[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案]C[考點(diǎn)解析]上下文邏輯關(guān)系[選項(xiàng)解析]前句子含義是電子支票是及時(shí)的，后半句含義是用戶不能夠享有“浮動(dòng)”帶來有好處。能夠看出整句話是一個(gè)因?yàn)殛P(guān)系。A.Unless除“非”。B.Until直“到。。。才”。C.Because“因?yàn)椤?。D.Though“但是”。依照上下文含義，應(yīng)選C.14．[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案]C[考點(diǎn)解析]上下文語義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)解析]此處是一個(gè)短句，顯然缺少一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞，經(jīng)過最后一個(gè)單詞concerns能夠看出本句的含義是電子支付方式惹起安全及隱私的問題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有raise和concerns搭配時(shí)吻合文意。因此選C。[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案]C[考點(diǎn)解析]后置定語[選項(xiàng)解析]儲藏信息是平時(shí)有固定的動(dòng)詞store。因此選C。[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案]C[考點(diǎn)解析]上下文語義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)解析]上文提出電子支票的弊端，本句話意思是“因?yàn)檫@種事情經(jīng)常發(fā)生”，因此形容意思應(yīng)為寬泛的，但因?yàn)楸揪溆玫碾p重否定表必然，因此選填詞匯意思應(yīng)為不寬泛的。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)Aunsafe不“安全”。Bunnatural不“自然的”。Cuncommon“不是寬泛的”Dunclear不“清楚的”。因此只有C項(xiàng)吻合本句話意思。17.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案]A[考點(diǎn)解析]上下文語義及動(dòng)詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)解析]本句話是講電子支票的存在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，含義是那些不道德的人即可能經(jīng)過轉(zhuǎn)移帳戶從而偷取別人的存款。動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為貶義，能夠消除[B][C][D]選項(xiàng)。應(yīng)選[A]。[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案]B[考點(diǎn)解析]上下文語義及名詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)解析]上文提出電子支票的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，本句話提出解決方法，但是防范此類詐騙不是簡單的事。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)Aconsideration考“慮”。Bprevetion阻攔“，防范”。Cmanipulation控制“”Djusitification原因，辯“護(hù)”。結(jié)合語境只有B吻合。19.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案]A[考點(diǎn)解析]動(dòng)詞固定搭配[選項(xiàng)解析]依照上下文應(yīng)入選一個(gè)“對付”安全問題含義的動(dòng)詞詞組，抗?fàn)帯?，A是“辦理對付”，因此A項(xiàng)是最正確答案。

因此能夠消除

C項(xiàng)和

D項(xiàng)，B

是“抗衡，20.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案]D[選項(xiàng)解析]上下文語義及名詞詞義辨析[考點(diǎn)解析]本句提出電子支票的另一個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，電子支票可追蹤包括大量相關(guān)個(gè)人購物習(xí)慣的信息。依照文意能夠消除A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)，Cpath“小路，道路,重申路徑。Dtrail痕“跡，蹤跡”，吻合上下文，因此選D。21．標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A考點(diǎn)解析：此題察看考生對文章細(xì)節(jié)信息的掌握能力，解題的重點(diǎn)在于定位和鑒識細(xì)節(jié)信息。選項(xiàng)解析：依照題干提示信息，我們定位到文章第一段的最后兩句

“amanandadog.Themanistheretofeedthedog,andthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.，說如”自動(dòng)化的紡織廠，他們只需要兩個(gè)員工“一個(gè)人外加一條狗。人是負(fù)責(zé)喂狗的，狗是讓人不要湊近機(jī)器的?！苯鼇韼啄陙砜佳虚喿x經(jīng)常用故事或是笑話引出文章所要議論的主題。因此，我們再連續(xù)看第二段內(nèi)容。第二段引出文章話題：全球化和信息科技革命進(jìn)步是造成失業(yè)率居高不下、中產(chǎn)階級收入下降的主要原因。因此選擇答案A。選項(xiàng)B為就業(yè)壓力的緩解，與本文議論話題向左；選項(xiàng)C現(xiàn)代紡織廠規(guī)模的減少，望文生義；選項(xiàng)D中產(chǎn)階級收入的減少，不是文章議論的重點(diǎn)，文章重在議論造成中產(chǎn)階級收入的減少的原因。22.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D考點(diǎn)解析：此題察看考生對文章細(xì)節(jié)信息的掌握能力，解題的重點(diǎn)在于定位和鑒識細(xì)節(jié)信息。選項(xiàng)解析：依照題干提示信息，我們定位到文章第三段的倒數(shù)第二句“Therefore,everyoneneedstofindtheirextra—theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment，“因此，人人都需要有其他的價(jià)值：異于常人的獨(dú)到價(jià)值能夠讓他們在各自的聘用市場上鋒芒畢露。

”standout與題干中的successful同義復(fù)現(xiàn)，題干中問我們?yōu)榱顺蔀槌晒Φ墓蛦T，他必定怎么做。答案D中的contributesomethingunique是對theiruniquevaluecontribution的同義改寫，因此，答案選擇D。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均與文章內(nèi)容不相吻合。選項(xiàng)A，workoncheapsoftware連續(xù)生產(chǎn)廉價(jià)的軟件；選項(xiàng)B，askforamoderatesalary索要合適的薪水；選項(xiàng)C，adoptanaveragelifestyle選擇一般的生活方式。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B考點(diǎn)解析：此題察看考生對文章細(xì)節(jié)信息的定位和理解能力。此類題目的解題重點(diǎn)在于依照題干信息定位，此題的“Paragraph4，”“quotation即”為定位信息。選項(xiàng)解析：依照第四段引用的Davidson的原話，“2009年以前的十年內(nèi)，美國工廠裁撤工人速度之快，基本上等于過去70年新增的工人數(shù)量；大概每三個(gè)工作崗位就有一個(gè)崗位消失了，總合約有600萬之多。”可知引用這段話的主題為減員，且速度很快，這吻合B項(xiàng)工作機(jī)遇急速消失，故此項(xiàng)為正確答案。AC兩項(xiàng)文章中沒有提到，D項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)互為相反項(xiàng)，結(jié)合文章來看工作機(jī)遇在消失而不是出現(xiàn)了新的工作機(jī)遇，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。24.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B考點(diǎn)解析：此題察看考生對文章的細(xì)節(jié)信息的掌握能力，重點(diǎn)在于定位和對文章的理解。選項(xiàng)解析：依照題干信息提示“unemployment”，結(jié)合自然段定位法，我們不難定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Herearethelatestunemploymentratesfrom下面”是美國勞工局對美國25歲以上人群的最新失業(yè)率統(tǒng)計(jì)：高中學(xué)歷都沒有的失業(yè)率為13.8%；有高中學(xué)歷，但沒有大學(xué)學(xué)歷的為8.7%；有大學(xué)或大專學(xué)歷的為7.7%；有學(xué)士甚至更高學(xué)位的只有4.1%。從這句話可知失業(yè)率主要和員工的受教育程度相關(guān)。因此若是想要減少失業(yè)率，最重要的應(yīng)該是選項(xiàng)B“保證更多的人碰到教育”。ACD項(xiàng)均和文章不符。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C考點(diǎn)解析：此題核查的知識點(diǎn)是全文主旨。能夠依照文章中的主要內(nèi)容作答，亦能夠依照以上題目的共同焦點(diǎn)作答。選項(xiàng)解析：文章第一段經(jīng)過一個(gè)笑話指出現(xiàn)代化社會技術(shù)的進(jìn)步程度，使得勞動(dòng)力大大減少。其他各段進(jìn)一步論證了失業(yè)率的增加，因此一個(gè)追求平庸的時(shí)代已經(jīng)結(jié)束了，人們需要提升自己教育水平，才能夠保證不被淘汰。最后一段第一句話再次重申訴平庸時(shí)代已經(jīng)正式結(jié)束了。因此選項(xiàng)C為最合適的標(biāo)題。A項(xiàng)“新的法律要實(shí)施”僅在最后一段提到一句，不能夠涵蓋文章主旨。B項(xiàng)“科技走向廉價(jià)”不吻合文意。D項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)衰落有害”與文章沒關(guān)。26．【答案】

C

（stayinaforeigntemporarily

）【解析】詞匯題。依照題干重點(diǎn)詞定位，定位到第一段最后一句。在這句中，

Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,“uccellidipassaggio,”birds，oftheypassage這個(gè)代.詞承前指代，指四分之一的意大利移民。有些人要再美國定居（permanenthome），但是一些人可是在美國暫時(shí)居住,要回國（hadnointentiontostay）.必然要注意理解這個(gè)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu):Alongwith.camethosewho,那些沒有要回國的是我們要重申的。經(jīng)過這句我們能選擇出C選項(xiàng)。這A項(xiàng)可是說一世紀(jì)前的橫跨大西洋的移民們，沒有說birdsofpassage來自于哪里。B項(xiàng)誠然有forgood但是與原文意思相反。原文是移民們會永遠(yuǎn)的回到意大利，而不是選項(xiàng)中間的走開自己的祖國。D項(xiàng)文中首段并未提及。27．【答案】C（shouldbeadoptedtomeetchallenges）【解析】推理題。題干要求在第二段。原文“Wedon’tneedmorecategories能夠排”除A選項(xiàng)。文章“Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.我”們目前有更加嚴(yán)格的對待移民以及“Weneedtolookbeyondstrictdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.我們需要超越”這種合法和不合法的嚴(yán)格定義。就知道目前是很嚴(yán)格的。我們還沒有選項(xiàng)中的“hasloosenedcontroloverimmigrants.對移民”的放松控制。B項(xiàng)消除。文章也并沒有說這個(gè)制度被政治方式所修復(fù)。政治確實(shí)出現(xiàn)在文章中，但是可是說“thelongpoliticalparalysis長遠(yuǎn)的政”治麻痹與原文不符。故排除?！癟ostartWemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges首.先認(rèn)同這”些短暫移民的存在，爾后解決移民的挑戰(zhàn)。是C選項(xiàng)的同義代替。28．【答案】D（thefreedomtostayandleave）【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。依照重點(diǎn)詞定位，可定位到第三段?！癟heyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem.Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.他們喜歡隨著機(jī)遇的”來臨，來往都自如。他們能夠在一地工作，也能夠再其他的地方成家。重申的是機(jī)遇和來往自如。D項(xiàng)是這句的同義代替。A項(xiàng)是對原文的片面理解?！癟heyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyandideas不行是是來自”金錢的刺激（financialincentives），還有有工作和各種理念。B在文中未提及。文中可是說道“globaleconomy沒有提“globalrecognition，C”項(xiàng)中的regularjobs（一般工作）在文中未提及，也是對文意的誤會。29．【答案】C（withlegaltolerance）

”，【解析】推理題。依照題干，可定位到第五段。題干問到“依照作者，這些短暫移民者應(yīng)該以何種方式被對待”“Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmanagingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes.Includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem意思是“我們”應(yīng)該超越移民合法性方面的文化之爭，重現(xiàn)對待中間地帶，充分意識到現(xiàn)在的移民管理系統(tǒng)需要各種路子，從而獲取多樣化的結(jié)果，來解決現(xiàn)在移民系統(tǒng)下用法律手段很難解決的問題”暗含了C項(xiàng)中tolerance也就是對“multiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes的改寫”。A、B和D項(xiàng)在文中未提及。30．【答案】D（legalorillegal:bigmistake）【解析】主旨馬虎題。文章第二段第二句中提到

“Wedividenewcomersintotwocategories:legalorillegal

我

”們把新移民分為2類：合法和不合法移民.”同時(shí)作者認(rèn)為“Weneedtolookbeyondstrickdefinitionsoflegalandillegal，”我“們不需要合法和不合法移民這樣嚴(yán)格的定義”這說明這種分類是錯(cuò)誤的。其他，文章最后一段最后一句“Includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem.包括在現(xiàn)行移民”“系統(tǒng)中不簡單合法的實(shí)現(xiàn)一些事情”也反響了文章的中心。也就是說合法和不合法的分類是錯(cuò)誤的。應(yīng)選搬動(dòng)是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。沒有表現(xiàn)文章主旨。B和C項(xiàng)都說是risk（風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）跟文章沒關(guān)。

D。

A項(xiàng)說短暫移民們的31．【答案】

[D]predeterminetheaccuracyofourjudgment【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問的是“作決定過程中所需的時(shí)間也許能夠_____”。文章第一段提到“若是我們在做出反響以前花點(diǎn)兒時(shí)間來思慮，那么將會減少甚至除掉我們迅速反響所帶來的負(fù)面影響”，也就是說我們做決定所花的時(shí)間決定了我們判斷的正確性。其他，此選項(xiàng)中的“accuracy”為“accurately的同”詞異形，故此項(xiàng)為正確答案。選項(xiàng)A表達(dá)“依形勢緊急性而定”錯(cuò)在招惹是非﹔選項(xiàng)B“証明大腦反響的復(fù)雜性”，也是招惹是非﹔選項(xiàng)C“取決于評估的重要性”，也與原文不吻合，故消除。32．【答案】[A]canbeassociative【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問的是“我們對于快餐商標(biāo)的反響速度表示決定是_____樣的”,由題干的重點(diǎn)詞“fast-foodlogo

”我們能夠定位到第三段。第三段開頭說，讓人做出急促?zèng)Q定的刺激因素不但限于人際關(guān)系范圍內(nèi)。緊接著一句說人們對快餐商標(biāo)的反響速度比一般閱讀速度快。下一句闡述了原因：因?yàn)槿藗儧]心識地（unconsciously）將“快餐”與“速度”和“心急”聯(lián)系在一起，并將這些激動(dòng)付諸行動(dòng)。A說決定是有聯(lián)系性的正確，因?yàn)槿藗儗ⅰ翱觳汀迸c“速度”，“心急”聯(lián)系在了一起。B說決定是沒心識的，與原文意思相反；C說決定是危險(xiǎn)的，原文未提及；D說決定是不激動(dòng)的，與原文意思相悖消除。33．【答案】[C]thinkbeforeweact【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。先看題干說“為了逆轉(zhuǎn)急促?zèng)Q定所帶來的影響，我們應(yīng)該_____”。依照題干定位到第四段。第四段經(jīng)過兩個(gè)例子說明我們應(yīng)該怎樣戰(zhàn)輸贏面影響，第一個(gè)例子表示“若是我們會抵花銷產(chǎn)品也許房產(chǎn)選擇做出“過分反響”，我們能夠在購買以前先思慮一會兒”，由此可說明我們應(yīng)該行家動(dòng)以前先思慮來除掉負(fù)面影響，因此選擇答案C。其他選項(xiàng)均不吻合題意。34．【答案】[D]adequateinformation【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問的是“JohnGottman認(rèn)為可靠的迅速反響是基于位到全文倒數(shù)第二段。其中第一句：JohnGottman,...explainsthatwequickly

_____的?！庇深}干JohnGottman定“thinslice”informationreliablyonlyafterwegroundsuchsnapreactionsin”thick-slicedtermstudy”.婚long姻專家約翰.古德曼講解說，我們迅速反響的信息的可靠性是建立在這樣的迅速反響的行為是以長遠(yuǎn)的研究為基礎(chǔ)而做出的迅速反響行為。其中g(shù)round是題干中baseon的贊成置換，long-termstudy長遠(yuǎn)的研究與adequateinformation（足夠的信息）是此題正解。

D選項(xiàng)

adequateinformation

相互響應(yīng)。由此可判斷出

[D]35．【答案】

[C]optimistic【解析】態(tài)度題。依照35題題干全文的最后一段。最后一段最后兩句：

reversingthehigh-speedtrend是全文的最后一句，因此解此題可先定位到Althoughtechnologymightchangethewaywereact,ithasn’tchangedournature.Westillhavetheimaginativecapacitytoriseabovetemptationandreversethehigh-speedtrend.譯為“盡管技術(shù)可能改變我們反響的方式，但是它并沒有改變我們的本性。我們依舊有能力去戰(zhàn)勝誘惑并扭轉(zhuǎn)這種高速度的趨勢?！庇纱宋覀兡軌蚩闯鲎髡叩膽B(tài)度是特別確定的，因此[C]optimistic（樂觀的）是正解。36．【答案】Bmenhavethefinalsay【解析】依照題干中的重點(diǎn)詞Europeancorporateworkplace，定位到文章的第一段.第一句話就明確指出歐洲不是一個(gè)性別同樣的天堂。接著說，特別是工作場所向來不是完好友好的，公司的高層依舊是清一色的男性。選項(xiàng)B，男性有最后的話語權(quán)，是這句話的同義代替，因此正確。37．【答案】Aareflectionofgenderbalance【解析】依照題干的重點(diǎn)詞TheEuropeanUnion，定位到第二段首句，intendedlegislation是對isnowconsideringlegislation的同義改寫。該句意思為“歐洲國家現(xiàn)在考慮立法來迫使公司董事讓婦女的比率達(dá)到60%”，因此立法是為了保持性其他平衡。B選項(xiàng)的reluctant是對第5段的Reding’sreluctance出的攪亂項(xiàng)，其實(shí)不是說EuropeanUnion的立法。C選項(xiàng)aresponsetoReding’s不call正確，Reding號召的是voluntaryaction，D也是攪亂項(xiàng)，而真切的立法緣由是對genderbalance的反思，因此A項(xiàng)正確，也是文章中心的反響。38．【答案】Agettopbusinesspositions【解析】定位至第4段，Reding說自己不喜歡quotas，后邊出現(xiàn)了but，他真切的見解在but此后，他說他喜歡quotas所做的事情，即getaction，后邊的冒號是對getaction的講解。核心的答案在aresultseeninFranceandothercountrieswithlegallybindingprovisionsonplacingwomenintopbusinesspositions。aresult是前面內(nèi)容的同位語，進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說明，因此選A。B項(xiàng)生義，屬于淺陋選項(xiàng)，也和原文意思不符。39．【答案】Dapproval

seethroughtheglassceiling是對原文C和D選項(xiàng)屬于招惹是非。

breakthroughtheglassceiling

的望文【解析】此題問的是作者對Reding的號召的態(tài)度。Reding的appeal最早出現(xiàn)在第二段，但是依照自然段界定原則，上一題是第四段，因此這道題只能從第五段開始。作者在第五段給出了自己的見解，先是說能夠理解Reding，自己自己也不喜歡quotas，但是“既然現(xiàn)在meritocraticideal（精英管理的理想）有阻攔，確實(shí)需要一種逼迫的手段，即逼迫設(shè)定男女比率?！币虼四軌蚩闯鲎髡呤浅帧百澇伞钡膽B(tài)度。40．【答案】Csuitablepublicpolicies【解析】題干中的womenenteringtopmanagementbecomeheadlines是對第6段第二句話whenwomendobreakthroughtothesummitofthecorporatepower的同義改寫，becomeheadlines是對后邊f(xié)orexample所舉的SherylSandberg的事例的概括。答案出現(xiàn)在第7段開頭。第7段是提出一種解決措施，“Ifappropriatepubicchoiceswereinplacetohelpallwomen,...Sandbergwouldbenomorenews