軟骨和骨組織學(xué)和胚胎學(xué)完美版課件

1.Cartilage:

organ=Cartilagetissue+perichondrium1.Cartilage:11)

structureofcartilagetissue---cell:chondrocyte---cartilagematrix1)

structureofcartilage2①

chondrocyte:---Structure:LMembeddedincartilagelacunaperipheralcells:--smallandimmature--singleandflattenedcentralcell:--largeandmature,--roundandingroupof2-8cells--smallandroundnucleus--basophiliccytoplasm--EM:richinRERandGolgicomplex

①

chondrocyte:3*isogenousgroup:severalcellslocatesinonelacuna,whicharederivedfromasingle(same)parentcell*isogenousgroup:severalcell4

②

Cartilagematrix---groundsubstance:proteoglycan:--sametolooseCT--therearemorechondroitinsulfatedistributedattheperipheryofcartilagelacuna---calledascartilagecapsule(basophilic)water---fiber:typeandnumberoffiberdependsonthetypeofcartilage

52)Classification:accordingtothefiberHyalinecartilage:lesscollagenousfibrilarticularsurface,ribcartilage,tracheaandbronchi2)Classification:accordingt6Fibrouscartilage:largeamountofcollagenousfiberbundlescellsaresmallandlessintervertebraldisc,symphysispubisFibrouscartilage:7cellsaresmallandlessperipheralcells:orcircumferentiallamellaandbonecanaliculus---consistsofbonetissue,periosteumandendosteum,bonemarrowCa10(PO4)6(OH)2--roundandingroupof2-8cellsroundnucleus/centralcanal:N,BV,CT--smallandimmature/cylindricstructure,3-5mmtwolayers:releasematrixvesicle:substance-osteoid①

chondrocyte:proteoglycan:---innerlayer:morecells-osteoprogenitorcell(fusiforminshape)/outerconcentrically-arrangedproteoglycan:Elasticcartilage:largeamountofelasticfiberexternalear,epiglottiscellsaresmallandlessElasti83)perichondriumtwolayers:---outlayer:containmorefiber-protection---innerlayer:morecells-osteoprogenitorcell(fusiforminshape)軟骨和骨組織學(xué)和胚胎學(xué)完美版課件94)growthofcartilage---interstitialgrowth:innerchondrocyteproliferation→producefiberandmatrix.immaturecartilage---appositionalgrowth:osteoprogenitorcell→chondroblast→chondrocyte→producefiberandmatrix.growingandmaturecartilage4)growthofcartilage10longitudinalarrangedgrowingandmaturecartilage--microfilament---appositionalgrowth:Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2--microfilamentconsistsofcompactboneorcircumferentiallamellaexternalear,epiglottisFibrouscartilage:1)

Bonetissuelongthinprocesses4)growthofcartilage---appositionalgrowth:innerlayer:organ=Cartilagetissue+perichondrium*perforatingcanal:immaturecartilage--smallandimmature③periosteumandendosteum:CTmembrane3)

osteogenesiscellsaresmallandless2.Bone---consistsofbonetissue,periosteumandendosteum,bonemarrowlongitudinalarranged2.Bone111)

Bonetissue①Cells:1)

Bonetissue12a.osteoprogenitorcell:stemcell---structure:fusiform,smallovoidnucleusslightbasophiliccytoplasmexistinperiosteumandendosteum---function:differentiatedintoosteoblastandchondrocytea.osteoprogenitorcell:stem13b.osteoblast:---structure:LM:singlelayerofcuboidalorlowcolumnarcellroundnucleusbasophiliccytoplasmlocatedonthesurfaceofbonetissue軟骨和骨組織學(xué)和胚胎學(xué)完美版課件14EM:fineprocessesrichinRER,GolgicomplexEM:15---function:ⅰ.synthesizebonecollagenfiberandgroundsubstance-osteoidⅱ.releasematrixvesicle:0.1umindiametermembrane-coatedfunction:promotecalcification---function:16c.osteocyte---structure:flattenedcellwithmultiplelongthinprocesseslocatedinbonelacunaandbonecanaliculusbasophiliccytoplasmadjacentcellsconnectinbonecanaliculusbygapjunctions---function:Maintainbonematrixc.osteocyte17軟骨和骨組織學(xué)和胚胎學(xué)完美版課件18d.osteoclast---structure:LM:multinuclearlargecell,30-100um6-50nucleiacidophiliccytoplasmlocatedatperipheralpartofboned.osteoclast19EM:ruffledborder-processeslightzone:--undertheruffledborder--microfilamentprimarylysosome,pinosomeandsecondarylysosomeRER,mito.andGolgi---function:dissolveandabsorbbonematrix軟骨和骨組織學(xué)和胚胎學(xué)完美版課件20②Bonematrix---organicmatter:bonecollagenfiber-collagenousfiber(typeIcollagen)groundsubstance:glycosaminoglycan②Bonematrix21glycosaminoglycan---trabeculae:--microfilamentlightzone:--undertheruffledborder*perforatingcanal:③periosteumandendosteum:CTmembraneandbonecanaliculusmembrane-coated---fiber:typeandnumberoffiberdependsonthetypeofcartilagefunction:promotecalcificationmultinuclearlargecell,30-100umCa10(PO4)6(OH)2circumferentiallamella:roundnucleuslightzone:--undertheruffledborder*bonelamella:bonematrixarrangedinlayersatdifferentdirection4)growthofcartilageinterstitiallamella:/centralcanal:N,BV,CTcellsaresmallandless/centralcanal:N,BV,CT①Cells:---inorganicmatter:bonesaltsHydroxyapatitecrystal:Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2

pin-shapedlongitudinalarranged*bonelamella:bonematrixarrangedinlayersatdifferentdirectionglycosaminoglycan---inorganic222)ArchitactureoflongboneLongboneisanorgan,madeupofbonetissue(shaftandepiphyses),periosteumandendosteum,bonemarrow2)Architactureoflongbone23①shaft:consistsofcompactbone

a.

circumferentiallamella:/outerconcentrically-arranged/inneraroundinnersurfaceofbone

①shaft:24b.

Haversiansystem(osteon):/cylindricstructure,3-5mm/centralcanal:N,BV,CT/Haversianlamella:4-20layers軟骨和骨組織學(xué)和胚胎學(xué)完美版課件25c.

interstitiallamella:/irregularlamella/remnantofHaversianorcircumferentiallamella*perforatingcanal:/transversecanal/connectwithHaversiancanal軟骨和骨組織學(xué)和胚胎學(xué)完美版課件26②epiphyses:composedofspongybone---trabeculae:formedbyparallelly-arrangedlamellaformaspongy-likednetwork---Bonemarrow:hemopoietictissue②epiphyses:composedofspong27③periosteumandendosteum:CTmembrane---periosteum:DCTouterlayer:morefiberbundlesformperforatingfiberinnerlayer:richinBV,Nandosteoprogenitorcells---endosteum:thin,alayerofosteoprogenitorcellandCT---function:providenutritionandosteoblastforbonegrowthandrepairing③periosteumandendosteum:CT283)

osteogenesis

Selfstudy!3)

osteogenesis291.Cartilage:

organ=Cartilagetissue+perichondrium1.Cartilage:303)perichondriumtwolayers:---outlayer:containmorefiber-protection---innerlayer:morecells-osteoprogenitorcell(fusiforminshape)軟骨和骨組織學(xué)和胚胎學(xué)完美版課件314)growthofcartilage---interstitialgrowth:innerchondrocyteproliferation→producefiberandmatrix.immaturecartilage---appositionalgrowth:osteoprogenitorcell→chondroblast→chondrocyte→producefiberandmatrix.growingandmaturecartilage4)growthofcartilage321)

Bonetissue①Cells:1)

Bonetissue33innerlayer:flattenedcellwithmultiple---trabeculae:Cartilage:lightzone:--undertheruffledborder--roundandingroupof2-8cellsbasophiliccytoplasm3)perichondriumCartilage:---cell:chondrocyte---periosteum:DCT/outerconcentrically-arrangedorcircumferentiallamellalightzone:--undertheruffledbordersubstance-osteoidcellsaresmallandless*perforatingcanal:②epiphyses:composedofspongyboneslightbasophiliccytoplasm---interstitialgrowth:Maintainbonematrix--smallandimmatureinnerlayer:34---interstitialgrowth:proteoglycan:/outerconcentrically-arrangedroundnucleus①

chondrocyte:osteoclastFibrouscartilage:membrane-coated/remnantofHaversianFibrouscartilage:Cartilage:/centralcanal:N,BV,CT*perforatingcanal:---periosteum:DCT1umindiameter*bonelamella:bonematrixarrangedinlayersatdifferentdirection---function:①

chondrocyte:substance-osteoid---structure:LM:twolayers:---inorganicmatter:bonesaltssubstance-osteoid--roundandingroupof2-8cellsHydroxyapatitecrystal:circumferentiallamella:①Cells:---outlayer:containmorefiber-protection--smallandimmaturetwolayers:--smallandimmature---appositionalgrowth:bonecollagenfiber-collagenousfiber(typeIcollagen)cuboidalorlowcolumnarcell---structure:LM:/centralcanal:N,BV,CT---fiber:typeandnumberoffiberdependsonthetypeofcartilagemembrane-coatedarticularsurface,ribcartilage,tracheaandbronchiinnerlayer:largeamountofcollagenousfiberbundlesconsistsofcompactbone/remnantofHaversian4)growthofcartilage---structure:LM:fusiform,smallbasophiliccytoplasm---cell:chondrocytetwolayers:externalear,epiglottisovoidnucleusslightbasophiliccytoplasm③periosteumandendosteum:CTmembraneproteoglycan:--smallandimmature1)

Bonetissue---inorganicmatter:bonesaltsintervertebraldisc,symphysispubis*bonelamella:bonematrixarrangedinlayersatdifferentdirectionandbonecanaliculusgrowingandmaturecartilagelongthinprocesses3)perichondriumorcircumferentiallamellaorgan=Cartilagetissue+perichondrium/centralcanal:N,BV,CT---trabeculae:organ=Cartilagetissue+perichondrium---inorganicmatter:bonesaltsconsistsofcompactboneroundnucleus①Cells:membrane-coatedcanaliculusbygapjunctions①Cells:---interstitialgrowth:singlelayerofcentralcell:Fibrouscartilage:③periosteumandendosteum:CTmembrane---cell:chondrocyteRER,mito.*perforatingcanal:/centralcanal:N,BV,CTlightzone:--undertheruffledborderproteoglycan:lightzone:--undertheruffledborder---interstitialgrowth:③periosteumandendosteum:CTmembrane---inorganicmatter:bonesaltsorcircumferentiallamellaglycosaminoglycancellsaresmallandless*perforatingcanal:largeamountofcollagenousfiberbundles---Bonemarrow:hemopoietictissueexistinperiosteumandendosteum③periosteumandendosteum:CTmembraneinterstitiallamella:canaliculusbygapjunctionsgrowingandmaturecartilage①Cells:---organicmatter:lightzone:--undertheruffledborder---trabeculae:osteoprogenitorcell:stemcell---organicmatter:/inneraroundinnersurfaceofbonerichinRER,Golgicomplex①shaft:consistsofcompactbone

a.

circumferentiallamella:/outerconcentrically-arranged/inneraroundinnersurfaceofbone

---interstitialgrowth:substan351.Cartilage:

organ=Cartilagetissue+perichondrium1.Cartilage:361)

structureofcartilagetissue---cell:chondrocyte---cartilagematrix1)

structureofcartilage37①

chondrocyte:---Structure:LMembeddedincartilagelacunaperipheralcells:--smallandimmature--singleandflattenedcentralcell:--largeandmature,--roundandingroupof2-8cells--smallandroundnucleus--basophiliccytoplasm--EM:richinRERandGolgicomplex

①

chondrocyte:38*isogenousgroup:severalcellslocatesinonelacuna,whicharederivedfromasingle(same)parentcell*isogenousgroup:severalcell39

②

Cartilagematrix---groundsubstance:proteoglycan:--sametolooseCT--therearemorechondroitinsulfatedistributedattheperipheryofcartilagelacuna---calledascartilagecapsule(basophilic)water---fiber:typeandnumberoffiberdependsonthetypeofcartilage

402)Classification:accordingtothefiberHyalinecartilage:lesscollagenousfibrilarticularsurface,ribcartilage,tracheaandbronchi2)Classification:accordingt41Fibrouscartilage:largeamountofcollagenousfiberbundlescellsaresmallandlessintervertebraldisc,symphysispubisFibrouscartilage:42cellsaresmallandlessperipheralcells:orcircumferentiallamellaandbonecanaliculus---consistsofbonetissue,periosteumandendosteum,bonemarrowCa10(PO4)6(OH)2--roundandingroupof2-8cellsroundnucleus/centralcanal:N,BV,CT--smallandimmature/cylindricstructure,3-5mmtwolayers:releasematrixvesicle:substance-osteoid①

chondrocyte:proteoglycan:---innerlayer:morecells-osteoprogenitorcell(fusiforminshape)/outerconcentrically-arrangedproteoglycan:Elasticcartilage:largeamountofelasticfiberexternalear,epiglottiscellsaresmallandlessElasti433)perichondriumtwolayers:---outlayer:containmorefiber-protection---innerlayer:morecells-osteoprogenitorcell(fusiforminshape)軟骨和骨組織學(xué)和胚胎學(xué)完美版課件444)growthofcartilage---interstitialgrowth:innerchondrocyteproliferation→producefiberandmatrix.immaturecartilage---appositionalgrowth:osteoprogenitorcell→chondroblast→chondrocyte→producefiberandmatrix.growingandmaturecartilage4)growthofcartilage45longitudinalarrangedgrowingandmaturecartilage--microfilament---appositionalgrowth:Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2--microfilamentconsistsofcompactboneorcircumferentiallamellaexternalear,epiglottisFibrouscartilage:1)

Bonetissuelongthinprocesses4)growthofcartilage---appositionalgrowth:innerlayer:organ=Cartilagetissue+perichondrium*perforatingcanal:immaturecartilage--smallandimmature③periosteumandendosteum:CTmembrane3)

osteogenesiscellsaresmallandless2.Bone---consistsofbonetissue,periosteumandendosteum,bonemarrowlongitudinalarranged2.Bone461)

Bonetissue①Cells:1)

Bonetissue47a.osteoprogenitorcell:stemcell---structure:fusiform,smallovoidnucleusslightbasophiliccytoplasmexistinperiosteumandendosteum---function:differentiatedintoosteoblastandchondrocytea.osteoprogenitorcell:stem48b.osteoblast:---structure:LM:singlelayerofcuboidalorlowcolumnarcellroundnucleusbasophiliccytoplasmlocatedonthesurfaceofbonetissue軟骨和骨組織學(xué)和胚胎學(xué)完美版課件49EM:fineprocessesrichinRER,GolgicomplexEM:50---function:ⅰ.synthesizebonecollagenfiberandgroundsubstance-osteoidⅱ.releasematrixvesicle:0.1umindiametermembrane-coatedfunction:promotecalcification---function:51c.osteocyte---structure:flattenedcellwithmultiplelongthinprocesseslocatedinbonelacunaandbonecanaliculusbasophiliccytoplasmadjacentcellsconnectinbonecanaliculusbygapjunctions---function:Maintainbonematrixc.osteocyte52軟骨和骨組織學(xué)和胚胎學(xué)完美版課件53d.osteoclast---structure:LM:multinuclearlargecell,30-100um6-50nucleiacidophiliccytoplasmlocatedatperipheralpartofboned.osteoclast54EM:ruffledborder-processeslightzone:--undertheruffledborder--microfilamentprimarylysosome,pinosomeandsecondarylysosomeRER,mito.andGolgi---function:dissolveandabsorbbonematrix軟骨和骨組織學(xué)和胚胎學(xué)完美版課件55②Bonematrix---organicmatter:bonecollagenfiber-collagenousfiber(typeIcollagen)groundsubstance:glycosaminoglycan②Bonematrix56glycosaminoglycan---trabeculae:--microfilamentlightzone:--undertheruffledborder*perforatingcanal:③periosteumandendosteum:CTmembraneandbonecanaliculusmembrane-coated---fiber:typeandnumberoffiberdependsonthetypeofcartilagefunction:promotecalcificationmultinuclearlargecell,30-100umCa10(PO4)6(OH)2circumferentiallamella:roundnucleuslightzone:--undertheruffledborder*bonelamella:bonematrixarrangedinlayersatdifferentdirection4)growthofcartilageinterstitiallamella:/centralcanal:N,BV,CTcellsaresmallandless/centralcanal:N,BV,CT①Cells:---inorganicmatter:bonesaltsHydroxyapatitecrystal:Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2

pin-shapedlongitudinalarranged*bonelamella:bonematrixarrangedinlayersatdifferentdirectionglycosaminoglycan---inorganic572)ArchitactureoflongboneLongboneisanorgan,madeupofbonetissue(shaftandepiphyses),periosteumandendosteum,bonemarrow2)Architactureoflongbone58①shaft:consistsofcompactbone

a.

circumferentiallamella:/outerconcentrically-arranged/inneraroundinnersurfaceofbone

①shaft:59b.

Haversiansystem(osteon):/cylindricstructure,3-5mm/centralcanal:N,BV,CT/Haversianlamella:4-20layers軟骨和骨組織學(xué)和胚胎學(xué)完美版課件60c.

interstitiallamella:/irregularlamella/remnantofHaversianorcircumferentiallamella*perforatingcanal:/transversecanal/connectwithHaversiancanal軟骨和骨組織學(xué)和胚胎學(xué)完美版課件61②epiphyses:composedofspongybone---trabeculae:formedbyparallelly-arrangedlamellaformaspongy-likednetwork---Bonemarrow:hemopoietictissue②epiphyses:composedofspong62③periosteumandendosteum:CTmembrane---periosteum:DCTouterlayer:morefiberbundlesformperforatingfiberinnerlayer:richinBV,Nandosteoprogenitorcells---endosteum:thin,alayerofosteoprogenitorcellandCT---function:providenutritionandosteoblastforbonegrowthandrepairing③periosteumandendosteum:CT633)

osteogenesis

Selfstudy!3)

osteogenesis641.Cartilage:

organ=Cartilagetissue+perichondrium1.Cartilage:653)perichondriumtwolayers:---outlayer:containmorefiber-protection---innerlayer:morecells-osteoprogenitorcell(fusiforminshape)軟骨和骨組織學(xué)和胚胎學(xué)完美版課件664)growthofcartilage---interstitialgrowth:innerchondrocyteproliferation→producefiberandmatrix.immaturecartilage---appositionalgrowth:osteoprogenitorcell→chondroblast→chondrocyte→producefiberandmatrix.growingandmaturecartilage4)growthofcartilage671)

Bonetissue①Cells:1)

Bonetissue68innerlayer:flattenedcellwithmultiple---trabeculae:Cartilage:lightzone:--undertheruffledborder--roundandingroupof2-8cellsbasophiliccytoplasm3)perichondriumCartilage:---cell:chondrocyte---periosteum:DCT/outerconcentrically-arrangedorcircumferentiallamellalightzone:--undertheruffledbordersubstance-osteoidcellsaresmallandless*perforatingcanal:②epiphyses:composedofspongyboneslightbasophiliccytoplasm---interstitialgrowth:Maintainbonematrix--smallandimmatureinnerlayer:69---interstitialgrowth:proteoglycan:/outerconcentrically-arrangedroundnucleus①

chondrocyte:osteoclastFibrouscartilage:membrane-coated/remnantofHaversianFibrouscartilage:Cartilage:/centralcanal:N,BV,CT*perforatingcanal:---periosteum:DCT1umindiameter*bonelamella:bonematrixarrangedinlayersatdifferentdirection---function:①

chondrocyte:substance-osteoid---structure:LM:twolayers:---inorganicmatter:bonesaltssubstance-osteoid--roundandingroupof2-8cellsHydroxyapatitecrystal:circumferentiallamella:①Cells:---outlayer:containmorefiber-protection--smallandimmaturetwolayers:--smallandimmature---appositionalgrowth:bonecollagenfiber-collagenousfiber(typeIcollagen)cuboidalorlowcolum