高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)：完成時態(tài)講義（素材）

完成時態(tài)(一）現(xiàn)在完成時延續(xù)事件延續(xù)事件：一個開始于過去的動作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在謂語要延續(xù)與延續(xù)性時間狀語連用重復(fù)事件重復(fù)事件：站在現(xiàn)在角度的回顧到目前為止的一個時間段內(nèi)，某一活動或時間重復(fù)發(fā)生了多次。例句1：TheteachersthatIhavevaluedandenjoyedmostofall,though,havebeentheteacherswhotaughtmeaboutlove.例句2：InalltheworkIhavedoneaspresident,everydecisionIhavemade,everyexecutiveactionIhavetaken,every:billIhaveproposedandsigned,I'vetriedtogiveallAmericansthetoolsandconditionstobuildthefutureofourdreams,inagoodsociety,withastrongeconomy,acleanerenvironment,andafreer,safer,moreprosperousworld.例句3：I’vebeeninCanadaforsixmonths.I’vemetmanynewfriends.重復(fù)事件與時間狀語的關(guān)系1.可重復(fù)性是現(xiàn)在完成時的一條根本原則Hisfatherhasbeendeadforthreeyears.Hisfatherhasbeendead.Hisfatherisdead.Hisfatherhasdied.2.可重復(fù)性原則與將來時間有關(guān)現(xiàn)在完成時可以說是以現(xiàn)在的時間為參照來談一個可以持續(xù)或重復(fù)到將來的事件。Howmanypeoplehaveenteredfortherace?Howmanypeopleenteredfortherace?、3.可重復(fù)性原則與過去時間Iwasabsentfourtimeslastsemester.Ihavebeenabsenttwicethissemester.4.可重復(fù)性原則與現(xiàn)在時間Ihaven’tseenhimthismorning.Ididn’tseehimthismorning.5.可重復(fù)性原則與一般時間Ihavegottenupatfiveo’clockthismorning.(錯誤）Ihavegottenupatfiveo’clockinthemorning.（正確）6.可重復(fù)性原則與去世的人的情況MarilynMonroestarredinmanymovies.Shediedin1962.JuliaRobertshavestarredinmanyAmericanmovies.JuliaRobertsstarredinmanyAmericanmovies.三、單一事件現(xiàn)在完成時可以表示影響現(xiàn)在的單一事件ASurpriseMr.Oddsworksinabank,andlivesonhisown.Theonlyfamilyhehasisinthenexttown:hissisterlivestherewithherhusband,andherson,Mark.Mr.Oddsdoesnotseehissister,orherfamily,fromoneyeartothenext,buthesendstheChristmascards,andhehasnotforgottenoneofMark’sseventeenbirthdays.LastweekMr.Oddshadquiteasurprise.Hedrovehomefromthebankattheusualtime,drivingneithertooslowlynortoofast;heparkedhiscarwherehealwaysparkedit,outofthewayofothercars,andhewentinsidetomakehiseveningmeal.Straightaway,therewasaknockatthedoor.Mr.Oddsopenedthedoor,tofindapolicemanstandingonthedoor-step.“WhathaveIdonewrong?”Mr.Oddsaskedhimself.“HaveIdrivenonthewrongsideoftheroad?Hastherebeensometroubleatthebank?HaveIforgottentopayanimportantbill?”“Hello,Uncle,”saidthepoliceman.“MynameisMark.”對現(xiàn)在的影響，很多時候不是從句子本身可以得到的，而是很大程度上依賴于語境過去事件過去事件表示到目前為止的過去任何某一時間點發(fā)生的事件，有較近和較遠之分。單一事件的過去可以表示最近發(fā)生的動作，也能表示在較遠的過去的動作，具體要看上下文語境。A:Hasthepostmanleftanynewspapers?B:Yes,hedidsixmonthsago.B:Yes,hedidthismorning.Hehasfalleninlove,andthat’swhyhe’sbecomingexcited.Haveyouaskedyourlittlebrothertodothedishes?你讓你弟弟刷碗了嗎？你有沒有讓你弟弟刷過碗？新聞熱點時態(tài)搭配：現(xiàn)在完成時+一般過去時用現(xiàn)在完成時提起一個新聞話題，用一般過去時繼續(xù)詳談內(nèi)容。SaddamHusseinhasbeencapturedaliveinhishometownofTikrit,TheU.S.militarysaidSundayDec.14,2003.Aforceof600AmericansoldierscapturedSaddamHusseininaraidonSaturdaynightonanisolatedfarm....“Superman”actorChristopherReeve,paralyzedwhenhefellfromahorsenineyearsago,hasdiedinaNewYorkhospitalofheartfailure,hispublicistsaidonOctober11,2004.Reeve,52wentintoacomaonSaturdaywhenhesufferedaheartattackduringtreatmentforaninfectedpressurewoundanddiedonSundayafternoonwithoutregainingconsciousness.單一事件與時間狀語的關(guān)系1.單一事件完成時的肯定句不與持續(xù)的時間狀語連用Ihavehadthispairofshoesforayear.-----Ihavebought.....(錯)2.單一事件完成時的否定句表示狀態(tài)意義，可以和持續(xù)的時間狀語連用Abeggarwalkeduptoawell-dressedwomanandsaid,“Ihaven’teatenanythinginfourdays.”Shelookedathimandsaid,“IwishIhadyourwillpower.”3.單一事件完成時常與不確定的時間狀語連用A:Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?B:No,thanks.I’vejusthaddinner.四、時間連詞since的特殊用法1.since+短暫動詞IhaveworkedinthiscompanysinceIleftschool.IhaveworkedinthiscompanysinceIhaveleftschool.Since后接短暫動詞，用一般過去式或現(xiàn)在完成時均可，意思相同，都表示從句動作“結(jié)束”以來，主句活動在持續(xù)。2.since+延續(xù)動詞It’sbeenthreeyearssinceIworkedinthiscompany.It’sbeenthreeyearssinceIhaveworkedinthiscompany.Since后接短暫動詞，用一般過去式或現(xiàn)在完成時均可，意思不同，若用一般過去時，表示從句動作“結(jié)束”以來，主句活動在繼續(xù)；若用現(xiàn)在完成時，表示從句動作“開始”以來，主句活動在持續(xù)。過去完成時1.在“過去”回顧“更遠的過去”過去完成時是一個不能獨立使用的時態(tài)，必須依附于一個在上下文中出現(xiàn)的一般過去時。ThisWasMyMotherShewas82andlivinginKeolukwhen,unaccountably,sheinsisteduponattendingaconventionofoldsettlersoftheMississippiValley.Allthewaythere,anditwassomedistance,shewasyoungagainwithexcitementandeagerness.AtthehotelsheaskedimmediatelyforDr.Barrett,ofSt.Louis.Hehadleftforhomethatmorningandwouldnotbeback,shewastold.Sheturnedaway,thefireallgonefromher,andaskedtogohome.Oncethereshesatsilentandthinkingformanydays,thentoldusthatwhenshewas18shehadlovedayoungmedicalstudentwithallherheart.Therewasamisunderstandingandheleftthecountry;shehadimmediatelymarried,toshowhimthatshedidmotcare.Shehadneverseenhimsinceandthenshehadreadinanewspaperthathewasgoingtoattendtheoldsettlers’convention.“Onlythreehoursbeforewereachedthathotelhehadbeenthere,”shemourned.Shehadkeptthatpatheticburdeninherheart64yearswithoutanyofussuspectingit.Beforetheyearwasout,hermemorybegantofail.Shewouldwriteletterstoschool-mateswhohadbeendead40yearsandwonderwhytheyneveranswered.Fouryearslatershedied.2.過去完成時表示延續(xù)、重復(fù)和單一事件表示在過去之前的動作或狀態(tài)在過去這一時刻仍在繼續(xù)。IhadstayedinAmericafortwoyearswhenhemovedhere.WehadstudiedEnglishforsixyearswhenweent