Unit 2 Grammar and Usage預習學案 牛津譯林版（2020）高一下學期英語必修第三冊

Unit2NatureDisastersGrammarandusage【學習目標】1.Learntherulesofto-infinitivesasattributivesandadverbialsofresult2.Beabletouseto-infinitivesinthewriting預習案【學習過程】Step1:自主學習任務一：自學課本unit2(21)的詞匯與短語。要求：根據(jù)錄音及單詞音標，首先會讀單詞接著邊讀邊寫記單詞，注意中英文的轉換，最后默寫單詞。Step2:單詞自學檢測探究案【合作探究】Step1Lead-inFreetalk:Whatshouldyoudobefore,during,andafteranearthquake?BeforeanearthquakeSecureheavyfurnitureandappliancesIdentifysafespotsHaveaplanGathersuppliesDuringanearthquakeIndoors–Getunderadeskortable,coveryourheadandneckwithonearmorhand,anduseyourotherarmorhandtohangon(drop,cover,andholdon).Outdoors–Quicklyfindanopenspaceawayfrombuildings,powerlines,andanythingelsethatcantoppleonyouAfteranearthquakeConductasafetycheckGethelp,ifneededBepreparedforaftershocksStayconnectedWhatnottodoAvoidrunningtootherroomsDonotseekshelterindoorways.DonotusematchesorlightersnearstovesorbarbecuesStep2UsageofTo-infinitives不定式作賓語及賓補作賓語跟在一些動詞后作賓語，如afford,aim,promise,refuse,decide等詞。Thiscompanyrefusedtocooperatewithus.當不定式（短語）在某個句子中作賓語時，為保持句子結構平衡，避免句式結構的混亂，常用it作形式賓語，而真正的賓語是位于句尾的不定式（短語），常見動詞有find,think,make,consider,feel,suppose等。Hemakesitarulenevertoborrowmoney.在一些動詞之后，可以在連接代詞（what，who，which）或連接副詞（how，when，where）及連詞whether后面接一個帶to的不定式，可將這種結構看成是連接詞引導的賓語從句的簡略形式。Iwonderwhotoinvite(=whoIshouldinvite).作賓補表示“指示,愿望,感覺”等的動詞(短語)后常用不定式作賓語補足語，如ask，request，invite，force，compel，get，beg，wish，want，intend，expect，encourage，advise，persuade，instruct，allow等詞。Whatcausedhertogiveupherstudies?find,declare,suppose,imagine等詞后面常跟不定式作為賓語補足語。Thiscombinationofqualitiesisgenerallysupposedtobeextremelyrare.Ihavenotknownanythinglikethistohappenbefore.作賓語補足語不用to的常見動詞：一感(feel),二聽(listento,hear),三讓(make,let,have),四看(see,lookat,watch,notice)。.不定式作定語動詞不定式與其所修飾的詞之間往往有動賓關系，如果該不定式是由不及物動詞構成，或者該不定式本身有賓語，其后應有必要的介詞。Hewantswatertodrink.Shehasachildtotakecareof.Thereisnotamomenttolose.Hiseagernesstogetbackhomewasquiteobvious.Sheisalwaysthefirsttoanswerquestions.Heleftonacoldmorning,withoutanyonetoseehimoff.不定式作狀語作目的狀語(可位于句首或句尾)Iwenttheretoseemyteacher.作結果狀語(有時可表示意料之外的結果)Theboxwastooheavytomove.作原因狀語Heissadtohearthebadnews.不定式作主語不定式作主語通常有兩種結構：一定種是把不定式todo直接放在句首的位置，另一種是把不定式放在句末，而在句首的主語位置用形式主語it來指代句末的不定式。Toerrishuman,toforgive,divine.Itisimportanttokeepahealthylifestyleit作主語常見句式：1.itis+adj/過去分詞(forsb/ofsb)+todosth2.itis+名詞+todosth3.ittakestimetodosth不定式作表語不定式位于系動詞后則作句子中的表語成分。Thenextstepistomakesurethatyouknowexactlywhatisrequired.有時不定式作表語可表示被動意義。Sheistoblame.常見系動詞分類：1.be動詞2.感官動詞3.變化保持類動詞(keep,stay,remain,become,grow,turn等詞)Step3Practice1.Wecannotstopnaturaldisastersbutwecanarmourselveswithknowledge.Inthisway,wecanmakefullpreparationsfordisasters.(用不定式作狀語)2.Thekidswereverycalm.Theycanprotectthemselvesduringtheearthquake.(用不定式作狀語)3.Followthepropersafetyproceduressothatyoucanprotectyourselffromatyphoon.(用不定式作狀語)4.Youshouldprepareatleastthreedaysoffoodanddrinkingwater.(用不定式作定語)5.少吃點油炸食品是個好主意。6.你需要在安靜的地方學習。7.我告訴他不要放棄。8.你能給我一些可以寫字的紙嗎？9.我大聲朗讀來鍛煉我的發(fā)音。10.我跑到車站，卻被告知火車已經(jīng)離開了。Step4Exploringtherules1.Anaisinterviewingherteacher,MrLi,abouthisexperiencesduringahurricane.Findthesentenceswithto-infinitivesasattributives.To-infinitivesasattributivesTo-infinitivesasadverbialsofresultIwasstayinginAtlanta,andthatwasoneofthecitiestobehit.（1）Thatmorning,IturnedontheTVforsomelocalnews,onlytohearthatahurricanewasonitsway.（2）2.WorkingouttherulesWhentheto-infintiveisusedasanattributive,itisoftenput(before/after)thenounorpronounitmodifies.Whentheto-infintiveisusedasanadverbialofresult,itcanrefertoan(expected/unexpected)result.Inthiscase,weoftenuseonlybeforetheto-infinitive.Step5ApplyingtherulesB1Task1:Matchthefirsthalfofthesentencesbelowwiththecorrectto-infinitives.Thentrytounderstandthefunctionsoftheto-infinitives.atobeclearedofpeopleatobeclearedofpeoplebeforethevolcanoerupted.btoberepaired.ctostayinsidewhenthetyphoonarrived.donlytofindtheflighthadbeencanceledduetothesnowstorm.etolearnsomesafetytips.Iwenttotheannualearthquakeworkshop2.Theauthoritiestoldthelocalpeople 3.Theyarrivedattheairport4.Beforewereturnedhome,theflooddamageneeded5.ThiswasthelastcityB2Task2:BelowisAna’sto-dolistfromyesterdayafternoon.Completethediaryentrybelowusingto-infinitives.B3Task3:JimistalkingtohisfriendJulieabouthisexperienceaftertheearthquake.Inpairs,completetheconversationbelowusingto-infinitives.【Homework】1.Finishtheworkbook.2.Findoutthesentenceswithto-infinitiveonPages16–17andunderstandthefunctions.

Thekeys:Step3Wecannotstopnaturaldisastersbutwecanarmourselveswithknowledge(soas)tomakefullpreparationsfordisasters.Thekidswerecalmenoughtoprotectthemselvesduringtheearthquake.Toprotectyourselffromatyphoon,followthepropersafetyprocedures.Youshouldpreparefoodanddrinkingwatertolastatleastthreedays.Itisagoodideatoeatlessfriedfood.Youneedtostudyataquietplace.Itoldhimnottogiveup.Canyougivemesomepapertowriteon?Ireadloudlytopractise