成考專升本《英語》形容詞與副詞復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)總結(jié)

2018年成考專升本《英語》形容詞與副詞復(fù)習(xí)一、形容詞在句子中的作用1、形容詞在句子中可以作定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語。Agoodboymustbehavehimself.好孩子應(yīng)當(dāng)行為規(guī)矩。（定語）Ilikethisreddressverymuch.（定語）Sheisbeautiful（表語）Thepatientisasleep.俵語）Whohasgotthewindowopen（賓語補(bǔ)足語）Ivegoteverythingreadyfortheclass.（賓語補(bǔ)足語）Isaiditwouldhappen,andsureenoughitdidhappen.（獨(dú)立成分）2、大多數(shù)形容詞既可作定語又可作表語，但有少數(shù)形容詞只能作表語。Thisisareddress.Thedressisred.alike,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,aware,alive,ashamed,unable,content.二、副詞在句子中的作用副詞在句子中主要作狀語，可以修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞，有時(shí)修飾整個(gè)句子。Unfortunately,hewasntathomewhenIcame.（彳修飾整個(gè)句子）Luckily,shewasntinjuredintheaccident.（修飾整個(gè)句子）Herpronunciationisverygood.（修飾形容詞）Ihavebeenextremelybusythesedays.（修飾形容詞）Icanhardlyagreewithyou.（修飾動(dòng)詞）Heworksterribly（quite）hard.（修飾副詞）三、形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成1.單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞（如以y結(jié)尾的）在詞尾加-er,-est.如：small,smaller,smallest;great,greater,greatest;clever,cleverer,cleverest;quiet,quieter,quietest;common,commoner,commonest;narrow,narrower,narrowest.2、以e結(jié)尾的詞加-r,-st.如：larger,larger,largest;simple,simpler,simplest;polite,politer,politest;brave,braver,bravest;fine,finer,finest.3、以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i再加?er,-est.如：busy,busier,busiest;heavy,heavier,heaviest;happy,happier,happiest.4、以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞，雙寫該輔音字母，再加.er,-est.（一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾;重讀閉音節(jié)）如：big,bigger,biggest;thin,thinner,thinnest;hot,hotter,hottest.雙音節(jié)詞，多音節(jié)詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)在詞前加more,most.如：difficult,moredifficult,mostdifficult,interesting,moreinteresting,mostinteresting;useful,moreuseful,mostuseful.特殊的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)四、形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)的用法1、比較級(jí)常與than引導(dǎo)的狀語從句連用，表示與什么相比。Thisroomisbiggerthananyotheroneinthehotel.為了避免重復(fù)，從句常用一些代詞。比較必須是兩個(gè)相同的成分。Everydayhearrivesearlierthananyoneelseinthecompany.Smallorangesareusuallysweeterthanbigones.Itisbettertobepreparedthanunprepared.Thisiseasiersaidthandone.Sheistallerthanl(me)oImeetwithmoredifficultiesthanshedoes.Thegirlsinmyclassaremoreactivethanthoseinhisclass.五、形容詞和副詞最高級(jí)的用法最高級(jí)的前面通常要加定冠詞，副詞最高級(jí)前面的定冠詞可以省略。最高級(jí)在使用時(shí)通常有一個(gè)短語或從句表示比較的范圍。OfalltheplacesIvevisited,IlikeHangzhoubest.ThisistheworstmovieIveeverseen.Beijingisoneofthelargestcitiesintheworld.Forme,Tuesdayisoneofthebusiestdayintheweek.Amongallthestudents,heruns(the)fastest.比較級(jí)前面有時(shí)也加the,表示兩者之間較…的一個(gè).Bothofthetwogirlsarebeautiful,butIthinkthetalloneismorebeautifulofthetwo.Thefive-year-oldboychosethemoreexpensiveofthetwotoys.六、as+原級(jí)+as,notasso+原級(jí)+asas+原級(jí)+as,表示和 *樣…，notasso+原級(jí)+as表示不及….Heisasgoodaswimmerasanyofus.注意good的位置HesastallasI.ItisnotashotinBeijingasinWuhan.Hedoesnotsmokesoheavilyashisfather.FrenchisjustasdifficultalanguageasEnglish.Sheisasgoodacookashermother.IhaveneverseensobeautifulaplaceasHangzhou.never否定含義類似的還有：hardly,little,few七、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)和as+原級(jí)+as前面都可以有表示程度的狀語。Thesunismuchbiggerthantheearth.錯(cuò)誤：Thesunismorebiggerthantheearth.Sheisbyfarthecleverestgirlinourclass.byfar到目前為止Itsbecomingthethirdlargestcityinthecountry.Theyhavemanymorechemistrybooksthanwe.Thereismuchmorewaterinthisjarthanthatone.Theywillcome