部分語法講解-時態(tài)一

Grammarandusage

Overviewoftenses

presenttenses

1stperiod

II.現(xiàn)在時態(tài)基本形式時態(tài)主動一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are;do/does現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時be(am/is/are)doing現(xiàn)在完成時have/hasdone現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時have/hasbeendoingII.現(xiàn)在時態(tài)基本形式時態(tài)被動一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/aredone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/arebeing

done現(xiàn)在完成時have/hasbeen

done現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時/thesimplepresenttense:1.---DoyouknowifTerrywillgocampingthisweekend?---Terry?Never!Shehatestentsandfreshair.

2.Thesunrisesintheeast.…totalkaboutthingsthataretruenoworalwaystrue.TheAcademyAwardsshowisontelevisioneveryyear.Everytimeapropcomediantellsajoke,heorsheusesathing,calledaprop.…totalkaboutthingsthatoccurregularly.1.Mymotherlovesclassicalmusic.

2.Myfathervisitshisparentsonceaweek.3.WhenIwasveryyoung,mygrannytoldmetheearthisroundandmostriversflowintoseasandoceans.4.NowImajoringeography.a.現(xiàn)在情況b.靜態(tài)動詞c.客觀真理d.經(jīng)常發(fā)生Pleasematch:Focuson:Theexhibition______onMay1stand______attheendofJune.(open;close)Theplane_________at11:30and________inShanghaiat1:20.(takeoff;arrive)______thereafilmontonight?(be)在口語中，一般現(xiàn)在時?？杀硎景匆?guī)定、時間表、計劃或安排要發(fā)生的事情，常有一個表示未來的時間狀語。opensclosestakesoffarrivesIsI’llgiveherthenotebook____________.Tellme_________________________.Hewillkeepthework______________________.在時間狀語從句中、條件狀語從句中、讓步狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。當(dāng)她來時whenshecomes萬一你有麻煩incaseyougetintodifficulty不管發(fā)生什么nomatterwhathappensSheisoutofdangernow.Howareyoutoday?Theyarebusyatthemoment.Theynormallygetupatsix.GenerallyhewatchesTVfortwohoursintheevening.Theypaymeweekly.常常和一般現(xiàn)在時一道用的副詞和狀語thepresentcontinuoustense:Theaudienceislaughingatthejoke.Idon’tunderstandwhyIamnotlosingweight.…totalkaboutactionsthatarehappeningorinprogressnow.TheComedyClubisgivingalectureaboutstand-upnextmonth.TheyaregoingtotheAcademyAwardsshowinFebruary.…totalkaboutactionsthatarebeingplanned,butwillhappeninthefuture.Youarealwaysmakingthesamemistakes!Sueisalwayschanginghermind.…totalkaboutactionsthathappenrepeatedly,usedwithalways,usuallywithanegativemeaningFurtherstudy:Sheisalwaysdoingfineworkatschool.Janeisalwaysthinkingofherwork.…totalkaboutactionsthathappenrepeatedly,usedwithalways,withapositivemeaning.Furtherstudy:Howareyougettingonwiththework?Youare

makinggoodprogress.LastmonthIworkedinarestaurant,butnowIamworkinginahotel.I’mstudyingataneveningschool.常用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)階段正發(fā)生的事，不一定說話時在進(jìn)行thepresentperfecttense:Hehashostedtheshoweighttimes.BillyCrystalhasactedinmanyfilmsandtelevisionshows.…totalkaboutexperiencesthatarerepeated.Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andwe’rereadytostart.

I’msorryIcan’ttellyouthetime,formywatchhasstopped.…totalkaboutthingsthathappenedinthepast,buthaveaneffectonthepresent.Ihavelivedinthiscitysince10yearsago.Ithasrainedsincelastnight.…totalkaboutthingsthatstartedinthepastandarestillhappeningnow.Focuson:havegone/havebeenTonny_________abroadtocontinuehisstudies.Hisgirlfriend_________abroadmanytimestoseehim.hasgonehasbeenHeisabroadnoworonthewayabroad

sheisnotabroadnowFocuson:since/when/ifWe__________inEnglandsinceIwasachild.It_____justaweeksinceImethim.I’llwritetohimwhenI_____________thebook.Ifshe__________tobedwhenyouseeher,tellhertogivemearing.havelivedishavefinishedhasn’tgonelivebefinishnotgoFocuson:thismorning/afternoon/season…

Ihaven’tseenTomthismorning.Ididn’tseeTomthismorning.Wehavevisitedalotofplacesthissummer.Wevisitedalotofplacesthissummer.Focuson:timeIt’sthefirsttimeshehas

drivenacar.That’sthethirdtimehehas

phonedherthismorning.It’sthefirstgoldmedalI’vehadforages.Focuson:他參軍已經(jīng)五年了.Hehasjoinedthearmyfor5years.×Itis5yearssincehejoinedthearmy.Hehasbeeninthearmy/asoldierfor5years.Hehasservedinthearmyfor5years.終止性動詞不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用alreadyeverforjustlatelyneverrecentlysinceyetsofarhowlong和現(xiàn)在完成時一道用的時間狀語thepresentperfectcontinuoustense:Doctorshavebeenresearchingthatquestion.Thecurtainsfinallyopen---theaudiencehavebeenwaitinganhourfortheshowtostart.…totalkaboutactionsthatstartedinthepast,havelasteduptonowandwillprobablycontinuetohappen.Furtherstudy:JimhasbeenphoningJennyeverynightforthepastweek.---I’msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.---Ithinkso.Hehasbeenpreparingforitformonths.在持續(xù)的一段時間內(nèi)動作多次重復(fù)

Furtherstudy:Whyareyourclothessodirty?Whathaveyoubeendoing?Thereyouare!I’vebeenwaitingforanhour.Sheisverytired.Shehasbeenworkingallmorning.動作和現(xiàn)在的狀況有聯(lián)系Furtherstudy:Howlonghasshebeen

readingthebook?HehasbeenstudyingEnglishallday.常與long/howlong/all連用Practice:誰在喝我的酒？誰喝了我的酒？Whohasbeendrinkingmywine?Whohasdrunkmywine?Practice:不累?。磕阋烟巳齻€小時啦！Aren’tyoutired？Youhavebeenjumpingforthreehours.Prac