小學(xué)英語基礎(chǔ)及語法知識(shí)超實(shí)用

小學(xué)英語基礎(chǔ)及語法知識(shí)，超實(shí)用！第一局部：根底學(xué)問1.字母：26個(gè)字母的大小寫ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz2.語音：元音的發(fā)音五個(gè)元音字母：AEIOU12個(gè)單元音：前元音：[i:][]/e/[]中元音：[:][]后元音：[ɑ:][][:][u:][][]雙元音（8）Ⅰ.合口雙元音（5）[ai][ei][au][u]Ⅱ.集中雙元音（3）[i][ε][u]詞匯：詞匯量，近反義詞其次局部：語法學(xué)問一.名詞：名詞單復(fù)數(shù)，名詞的格(一)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)一般狀況，直接加-sbook-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds以s.x.sh.ch結(jié)尾，加-esbus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watchesy為i,再加strawberry-strawberries或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fev,再加-es5.不規(guī)章名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men, woman-women, policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese不行數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)就是原型：paper,juice,water,milk,rice,tea(二)名詞的格有生命的東西的名詞全部格：’sLucy’srulermyfather’sshirtshisfriends’bags不以s’schildren’sshoesl并列名詞中，假如把’s加在最終一個(gè)名詞后，表示共有,如:TomandMike’scar湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車lTom’sandMike’scars表示無生命東西的名詞通常用“of如:apictureoftheclassroomamapofChina二.冠詞：不定冠詞，定冠詞1種類：不定冠詞：a/anaunit/an元音開頭的可數(shù)名詞前用an:anegg/anapple/anorange/aneraser/ananswer/anIDcard/analarmclock/anactor/anactress/ane-mail/anaddress/anevent/anexample/anopera/anhouranoldman/aninterestingbook/anexcitingsport/anactionmovie/anartlesson/定冠詞：thetheeggtheplane2.用法:定冠詞的用法：特指某(些)人或某(些)物：Therulerisonthedesk.hasasweater.Thesweaterisnew.談話雙方都知道的人或物：Theboysatschool.(4John’sbirthdayisFebruarythesecond.(5)用于固定詞組中：inthemorning/afternoon/evening不用冠詞的狀況：專出名詞前：Chinaisabigcountry.名詞前有定語：thisthatmyyoursome,anynoThisismybaseball.復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人和事：Monkeyscantswim.Theyteachers.TodayisChristmasDay.Sunday.一日三餐前：Wehavebreakfastat6:30.球類棋類運(yùn)動(dòng)前：Theyoftenplayfootballafterclass.playschessathome.*但樂器前要用定冠詞：Iplaytheguitarverywell.(7)學(xué)科名稱前：Myfavoritesubjectismusic.(8)在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前：ThisisMrLi.(9)固定詞組中：atnoonatnightbybus三、代詞、形容詞、副詞代詞：人稱代詞，物主代詞人稱代詞物主代詞主格賓格第一人稱單數(shù)I(我)memy復(fù)數(shù)we(我們)usour其次人稱單數(shù)you(你)youyour(你的)復(fù)數(shù)you(你們)youyour第三人稱單數(shù)he(他)himhis(他的)she(她)herherit(它)itits(它的)第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)they(他們/她們/它們)themtheir(他們的/她們的/它們的)形容詞，副詞：比擬級(jí)，級(jí)(一)、形容詞的比擬級(jí)1、形容詞比擬級(jí)在句子中的運(yùn)用：兩個(gè)事物或人的比擬用比擬級(jí)，比擬級(jí)后面一般帶有單詞than。比擬級(jí)前面可以用more,alittle來修飾表示程度。than后的人稱代詞用主格(口語中可用賓格)。2.形容詞加er的規(guī)章：⑴一般在詞尾加er;⑵以字母e結(jié)尾，加r;再加er;y”結(jié)尾，先把yi，再加er3.不規(guī)章形容詞比擬級(jí)：good-better,beautiful-morebeautiful(二)副詞的比擬級(jí)形容詞與副詞的區(qū)分(有bebe⑴在句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be動(dòng)詞之后⑵副詞在句子中最常見的是處于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之后副詞比擬級(jí)的變化規(guī)章根本與形容詞比擬級(jí)一樣(不規(guī)章變化：well-better,far-farther)四、數(shù)詞：基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞(1)1-20one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eighteen，nineteen，twenty(2)21-9923→twenty-three，34→thirty-four，45→forty—five，56→fifty-six，67→sixty-seven，78→seventy-eight，89→eighty-nine，91→ninety-one(3)101—999an586→fivehundredandeighty-six，803→eighthundredand(4)l，000milliobillion1，001→onethousandandone18，423→eighteenthousand，fourhundredandtwenty-three6，260，309→sixmilliontwohundredandsixtythousandhundredandnine750，000，000，000→sevenhundredandfiftybillion序數(shù)詞(1)一般在基數(shù)詞后加theg.four→fourth，thirteen→thirteenth(2)不規(guī)章變化one→first，two→second，three→third，five→fifth，eight→eighth，nine→ninth，twelve—twelfth以y結(jié)尾的十位整數(shù)，變y為ie再加thtwenty→twentieth，forty→fortiethninety→ninetieth幾”只將個(gè)位的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。twenty-first，twohundredandforty-fifth基數(shù)詞轉(zhuǎn)為序數(shù)詞的口訣：基變序，有規(guī)律，詞尾加上-th.一，二，三，特別記，詞尾字母八去t,九去e,veftyyi，the.若是遇到幾十幾，前用基來后用序。五、介詞：常用介詞：in,on,at,behind1.at表示時(shí)間概念的某一個(gè)點(diǎn)。(在某時(shí)刻、時(shí)間、階段等)。at1：00(dawn，midnight，noon)在一點(diǎn)鐘(拂曉、午夜、中午)2.on1)表示詳細(xì)日期。注：(1)關(guān)于“在周末“的幾種表示法：at(on)theweekend在周末---特指at(on)weekends在周末---泛指overtheweekendduringtheweekend

在整個(gè)周末在圣誕節(jié)，應(yīng)說atChristmas?而不說onChristmas?2)在(剛……)的時(shí)候。Onreachingthecityhecalleduphisparents.一到城里他就給父母打了一個(gè)電話。3.in1)表示“時(shí)段“duringin(during)1988(Decembethe20thcentury)六、動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞的四種時(shí)態(tài)：(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成be+be(am,is,Iamaboy.一個(gè)男孩。WestudyEnglish.們學(xué)習(xí)英語。(he,she,it“。如：MarylikesChinese.瑪麗喜愛漢語。動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)章s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks以s.x.sh.ch.owatch-watches,go-goesy”結(jié)尾，變yi,再加-es(2動(dòng)詞過去式詳解動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)章有：A、規(guī)章動(dòng)詞①一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed：如workedlearnedcleanedvisited②以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d：如lived,danced,used③以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如study–studiedcarry–carriedworry–worried(留意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)④雙寫最終一個(gè)字母(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如stoppedB、不規(guī)章動(dòng)詞(此類詞并無規(guī)章，須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過去式：sing–sang,eat–ate,see–saw,have–had,do–did,go–went,take–took,buy–bought,get–got,read–read,fly–flew,am/is–was,are–were,say–said,leave–left,swim–swam,tell–told,draw–drew,come–came,lose–lost,find–found,drink–drank,hurt–hurt,feel–felt根本構(gòu)造：①begoingto+do;②will+do.begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrowIwillgoswimmingtomorrow.am,is,are+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)章：①一般的直接在后面加上ing,如doing,going,working,singing,eating②以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要先去e再加ing，如having,writing③雙寫最終一個(gè)字母的(此類動(dòng)詞極少)有：running,swimming,sitting,getting第三局部：句法1.陳述句astudent.Sheisadoctor.Heworksinahospital.Therearefourfansinourclassroom.Hewilleatlunchat12:00.IwatchedTVyesterdayevening.否認(rèn)句：含有否認(rèn)詞或表示否認(rèn)意義詞的句子，如：I’mnotstudent.Sheisnot(isn’t)adoctor.Hedoesnot(doesn’t)workinahospital.Therearenott)fourfansinourclassroom.Hewillnoteatlunchat12:00.IdidnotwatchTVyesterdayevening.疑問句ye來答復(fù)。(what,where,who,which,whenwhosewhyhowno”來答復(fù)。TherebeTherebe句型與have,has的區(qū)分1、Th