2023年英語六級(jí)真題及答案全套

2023年12月英語六級(jí)真題及答案（文字版）考試采用“多題多卷”模式，試題次序不統(tǒng)一，請(qǐng)根據(jù)試題進(jìn)行查對(duì)Part

I

Writing

Directions:

For

this

part,

you

are

allowed

30

minutes

to

write

a

short

essay

on

the

following

topic.

You

should

write

at

least

180

words

but

no

more

than

200

words.

作文題一：學(xué)歷歧視作文部分：

【學(xué)歷歧視：參照范文】

Inthemodernsociety,withcompetitionbecomesincreasinglyfierce,tofindajobistoodifficultfortheyounggeneration.Academicqualification,asajobastepping-stone,isanessentialfactorduringthejobhunting.

Somepeoplethinkthatthehighlyeducatedmustbeabletofindagoodjob,becauseeducationcanprovethatapersonhasagoodcapacity.Therefore,itiscommonlybelievethatajobseekerwithamasterdegreemustbeeasiertofindapromisingjobthanaundergraduate.However,nowthecompanyinterviewersgenerallyprefertorequiredaevenhigheracademicqualification,likeadoctordegree.Otherwise,theapplicants,eventhoughheorshehastremendouspotential,willberefusedrelentlessly.

AsfarasIamconcerned,educationshouldnotbethesinglestandardinaninterview.Asforthecompanies,itisnotnecessarilyagoodprincipleaswell.Nowthewholecommunityoftentalkaboutworkingabilityandefficiency.Forexample,somepeoplemayhavehighacademicqualification,butactuallyhisabilityisverylimited.Soboththeindividualandthecommunityoughttochangetheirattitudeonacademicqualification.WeshouldrealizethatitistheoperationalPartIIListeningSectionA

Directions：Inthissection，youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)，anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Question1

A.Atagrocery

B.Inaparkinglot

C.Inacarshowroom

D.Atafastfoodrestaurant

Question2

A.Havealittlenapafterlunch

B.Getupandtakeashortwalk

C.Changeherpositionnowandthen

D.Stretchlegsbeforestandingup

Question3

A.Thestudentsshouldpracticelong-distancerunning

B.Hedoesn’tquitebelievewhatthewomansays

C.Thestudents’physicalconditionisnotdesirable

D.Hethinkstheraceistoohardforthestudents

Question4

A.Theydonotwanttohaveababyatpresent

B.Theycannotaffordtogetmarriedrightnow

C.Theyarebothpursuinggraduatestudies

D.Theywillgettheirdegreesintwoyears

Question5

A.Twinsusuallyhavealotincommon

B.HemusthavebeenmistakenforJack

C.Jackiscertainlynotashealthyasheis

D.HehasnotseenJackforquiteafewdays

Question6

A.Themanwilltakethewomanwothemuseum

B.Themanknowswherethemuseumislocated

C.Thewomanisaskingthewayatthecrossroads

D.Thewomanwillattendtheopeningofthemuseum

Question7

A.Theycannotasktheguytoleave

B.Theguyhasbeencominginforyears

C.Theyshouldnotlookdownupontheguy

D.Theguymustbefeelingextremelylonely

Question8

A.Collecttimepieces

B.Becometime-conscious

C.Learntomendlocks

D.Keeptrackofhisdailyactivities

Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

Question9

A.Itwindsitswaytothesea

B.Itisquicklyrising

C.Itiseatingintoitsbanks

D.Itiswideanddeep

Question10

A.Getthetrucksovertotheothersideoftheriver

B.Taketheequipmentapartbeforebeingferried

C.Reducethetransportcostasmuchaspossible

D.Trytospeeduptheoperationbyanymeans

Question11

A.Askthecommandertosendahelicopter

B.Halttheoperationuntilfurtherorders

C.Cuttreesandbuildrowingboats

D.Findasmanycoatsaspossible

Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

Question12

A.HelphimjoinanIndianexpedition

B.Talkabouthisclimbingexperiences

C.Giveupmountainclimbingaltogether

D.Savemoneytobuyclimbingequipment

Question13

A.Hewasverystrictwithhischildren

B.Heclimbedmountainstoearnaliving

C.Hehadanunusualreligiousbackground

D.HewasthefirsttoconquerMt.Qomolangma

Question14

A.Theyarelikehumans

B.Theyaresacredplaces

C.Theyaretobeprotected

D.Theyaretobeconquered

Question15

A.Itwashisfather’strainingthatpilledhimthrough

B.Itwasamilestoneinhismountainclimbingcareer

C.Itwashisfatherwhogavehimthestrengthtosucceed

D.IthelpedhimunderstandtheSherpaviewofmountainsSection

B

Directions：Inthissection，youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage，youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre

PassageOne

Question16

A.Byreviewingwhathehassaidpreviously

B.Bycomparingmemorandumswithletters

C.Byshowingamemorandum’sstructure

D.Byanalyzingtheorganizationofaletter

Question17

A.Theyspentalotoftimewritingmemorandums

B.Theyseldomreadamemorandumthroughtotheend

C.Theyplacedemphasisontheformatofmemorandums

D.Theyignoredmanyofthememorandumstheyreceived

Question18

A.Styleandwording

B.Structureandlength

C.Directnessandclarity

D.Simplicityandaccuracy

PassageTwo

Questions19to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

Question19

A.Accuratedating

B.Professionallook

C.Directstatementofpurpose

D.Inclusionofappropriatehumor

Question20

A.Theygivetopprioritytotheirworkefficiency

B.Theymakeanefforttolightentheirworkload

C.Theyneverchangeworkhabitsunlessforcedto

D.Theytryhardtomakethebestuseoftheirtime

Question21

A.Self-confidence

B.Senseofduty

C.Workefficiency

D.Passionforwork

Question22

A.Theyareaddictedtoplayingonlinegames

B.Theytrytoavoidworkwheneverpossible

C.Theyfindtopleasureintheworktheydo

D.Theysimplyhavenosenseofresponsibility

PassageThree

Questions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

Question23

A.Helostallhisproperty

B.Hewassoldtoacircus

C.Hewasforcedintoslavery

D.Heranawayfromhisfamily

Question24

A.Acarpenter

B.Abusinessman

C.Amasterofhis

D.Ablackdrummer

Question25

A.ItnameditstownhallafterSolomonNorthup

B.ItdeclaredJuly24SolomonNorthupDay

C.Itfreedomallblacksinthetownfromslavery

D.IthostedareunionfortheNorthupfamilySectionC

Directions：Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

SectionC

Intoleranceistheartofignoringanyviewsthatdifferfromyourown.It(26)_____itselfahatred.Stereotypes,prejudice,and(27)_____.Onceitintensifiesinpeople,intoleranceisnearlyimpossibletoovercome.Butwhywouldanyonewanttobelabeledintolerant.Whywouldpeoplewanttobe(28)_____abouttheworldaroundthem?WhywouldonewanttobepartoftheprobleminAmerica,insteadofthesolution?

Therearemanyexplanationsforintolerantattitudes,some(29)_____childhood.Itislikelythatintolerantfolksgrewup(30)_____intolerantparentsandthecycleofprejudicehassimplycontinuedfor(31)_____.Perhapsintolerantpeoplearesosetintheirwaysthattheyfinditeasiertoignoreanythingthatmightnot(32)_____theirlimitedviewoflife.Ormaybeintolerantstudentshavesimplyneverbeen(33)_____toanyonedifferentformthemselves.Butnoneofthesereasonisanexcuseforallpwingtheintolerancetocontinue.

Intoleranceshouldnotbeconfusedwithdisagreement.Itis,ofcourse,possibleasdiasgreewithanopinionwithoutbeingintolerantofit.Ifyouunderstandabeliefbutstilldon'tbelieveinthatspecificbelief,that'sfine.Youare(34)_____youropinion.Asamatteroffact.(35)_____disseniers(持異議者)areimportantforanybelief.Ifweallbelievedthesamethings.wewouldnevergrow,andwewouldneverlearnabouttheworldaroundus,doesnotstemfrimdisagreement.Itstemsfromfear,Andfearstemsfromfear.Andfearstemsfromignorance.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

HisfuturesubjectshavenotalwaystreatedthePrinceofWaleswiththerespectoneXXXXexpect.Theylaughedaloudin1986whentheheirtotheBritish(36)_____toldaTVreporterthathetalkedtohisplantsathiscountryhouse,Highgrove,tostimulatetheirgrowth.ThePrincewasbeinghumorous-“Mysenseofhumorwillgetmeintotroubleoneday”,hesaidtohisaids(隨從)-butlisteningtoCharlesWindsorcanindeedprovestimulating.Theroyal(37)_____hasbeenpromotingradicalideasformostofhisadultlife.Someofhis(38)_____,whichoncesoundedabitweird,weresimplyaheadoftheirtime.Now,finally,theworldseemstobecatchingupwithhim.

Takehisviewsonfarming.PrinceCharles’DuchyHomeFarmwent(39)_____backin1986.Whenmostshopperscaredonlyaboutthelowpricetagonsuspiciouslyblemish-free(無瑕疵旳)vegetablesand(40)_____largechickenspiledhighinsupermarkets.

Hiswarningsonclimatechangeprovedfarsighted,too.Charlesbegan(41)_____actioninwarmingin1990andsayshehasbeenworriedaboutthe(42)_____ofmanontheenvironmentsamebewasateenger.

Althoughhewasgraduallygainedinternational(43)_____asoneoftheworld'slendingconservationists,manyBritishpeoplestillthinkofhimasan(34)_____personwhotalkstoplants.Thisyear,asithappens,SouthKoreanscientistsprovedthatplantsreallydo(45)_____toround.SoCharleswasaheadofthegamethere,too.A.conform

B.eccentric

C.environmentalist

D.expeditions

E.impact

F.notions

G.organic

H.originally

I.recognition

J.respond

K.subordinate

L.suppressing

M.throne

N.unnaturally

O.urgingSectionB

Directions:Inthissection，youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.HighSchoolSportsAren’tKillingAcademicsA)Inthismonth’sAtlanticcoverarticle,“TheCaseAgainstHigh-SchoolSports,”AmandaRipleyarguesthatschool-sponsoredsportsprogramsshouldbeseriouslycut.Shewritesthat,unlikemostcountriesthatoutperformtheUnitedStatesoninternationalassessments,Americanschoolsputtoomuchofanemphasisonathletics,“SportsareembeddedinAmericanschoolsinawaytheyarenotalmostanywhereelse,”shewrites,“YetthisdifferencehardlyevercomesupindomesticdebatesaboutAmerica’sinternationalmediocrity(平庸)ineducation.”B)Americanstudent-athletesreapmanybenefitsfromparticipatinginsports,butthecoststotheschoolscouldoutweightheirbenefits,sheargues,Inparticular,Ripleycontendsthatsportscrowdouttheacademicmissionsofschools:AmericashouldlearnfromSouthKoreaandFinlandandeveryothercountryatthetoplevelofinternationaltestscores,allofwhomemphasizeathleticsfarlessinschool.”Evenineighthgrade,AmericankidsspendmorethantwicethetimeKoreankidsspendplayingsports,”shewrites,citinga2023studypublishedintheJournalofAdvancedAcademics.C)ItmightwellbetruethatsportsarefarmorerootedinAmericanhighschoolsthaninothercountries.Butourreadingofinternationaltestscoresfindsnosupportfortheargumentagainstschoolathletics.Indeed,ourownresearchandthatofothersleadustomaketheoppositecase.School-sponsoredsportsappeartoprovidebenefitsthatseemtoincrease,notdetract(減少)from,academicsuccess.D)Ripleyindulgesapopularobsession(癡迷)withinternationaltestscorecomparisons,whichshowwideandfrighteninggapsbetweentheUnitedStatesandothercountries.Sheignores,however,thefactthatstatesvaryatleastasmuchintestscoresasdodevelopedcountries.A2023reportfromHarvardUniversityshowsthatMassachusettsproducesmathscorescomparabletoSouthKoreaandFinland,whileMississippiscoresareclosertoTrinidadandTobago.Ripley’sthesisaboutsportsfallsapartinlightofthisfact.SchoolsinMassachusettsprovidesportsprogramswhileschoolsinFinlanddonot.SchoolsinMississippimaylovefootballwhileinTobagointerscholasticsportsarenowherenearasprominent.Sportscannotexplainthesesimilaritiesinperformance.Theycan’texplaininternationaldifferenceseither.E)IfitistruethatsportsunderminetheacademicmissionofAmericanschools,wewouldexpecttoseeanegativerelationshipbetweenthecommitmenttoathleticsandacademicachievement.However,theUniversityofArkansas’sDanielBowenandJayGreeneactuallyfindtheopposite.Theyexaminethisrelationshipbyanalyzingschools’sportswinningpercentagesaswellasstudent-athleticparticipationratescomparedtograduationratesandstandardizedtestscoreachievementoverafive-yearperiodforallpublichighschoolsinOhio.Controllingforstudentpovertylevels,demographics(人口記錄狀況),anddistrictfinancialresources,bothmeasuresofaschool’scommitmenttoathleticsaresignificantlyandpositivelyrelatedtolowerdropoutratesaswellashighertestscores.F)On-the-fieldsuccessandhighparticipationinsportsisnotrandom-itrequiresfocusanddedicationtoathletics.Onemightthinkthiswouldleadschoolsobsessedwithwinningtodeemphasizeacademics.BowenandGreene’sresultscontradictthatargument.Alikelyexplanationforthisseeminglycounterintuitive(與直覺相反旳)resultisthatsuccessinsportsprogramsactuallyfacilitatesorreflectsgreatersocialcapitalwithinaschool’scommunity.G)RipleycitesthewritingsofrenownedsociologistJamesColeman,whoseresearchineducationwasgroundbreaking.Colemaninhisearlyworkheldathleticsincontempt,arguingthattheycrowdedoutschools’academicmissions.Ripleyquoteshis1961study,TheAdolescentSociety,whereColemanwrites,“Altogether,thetrophy(獎(jiǎng)品)casewouldsuggesttotheinnocentvisitorthathewasenteringanathleticclub,notaneducationalinstitution.”H)However,inlaterresearchColemanwouldshowhowthesuccessofschoolsishighlydependentonwhathetermedsocialcapital,“thesocialnetworks,andtherelationshipsbetweenadultsandchildrenthatareofvalueforthechild’sgrowingup.”I)Accordingtoa2023evaluationconductedbytheCrimeLabattheUniversityofChicago,aprogramcalledBecomingaMan-SportsEditioncreateslastingimprovementsintheboys’studyhabitsandgradepointaverages.Duringthefirstyearoftheprogram,studentswerefoundstobelesslikelytotransferschoolsorbeengagedinviolentcrime.Ayearaftertheprogram,participantswerelesslikelytohavehadanencounterwiththejuvenilejusticesystem.J)Ifschool-sponsoredsportswerecompletelyeliminatedtomorrow,manyAmericanstudentswouldstillhaveopportunitiestoparticipateinorganizedathleticselsewhere,muchliketheydoincountriessuchasFinland,Germany,andSouthKorea.Thesameisnotcertainwhenitcomestostudentsfrommoredisadvantagedbackgrounds.Inanoverviewoftheresearchonnon-schoolbasedafter-schoolprograms,researchersfindthatdisadvantagedchildrenparticipateintheseprogramsatsignificantlylowerrates.Theyfindthatlow-incomestudentshavelessaccessduetochallengeswithregardtotransportation,non-nominalfees,andoff-campussafety.Therefore,reducingoreliminatingtheseopportunitieswouldmostlikelydeprivedisadvantagedstudentsofthebenefitsfromathleticparticipation,notleastofwhichistheopportunitytointeractwithpositiverolemodelsoutsideofregularschoolhours.K)AnotherunfoundedcriticismthatRipleymakesisbringingupthestereotypethatathleticXXaretypicallylousy(蹩腳旳)classroomteachers.“Americanprincipals,unliketheXXXXofprincipalsaroundtheworld,makemanyhiringdecisionswiththeirsportsteamsinmind,whichdoesnotalwaysendwellforstudents,”shewrites.Educatorswhoseekemploymentatschoolsprimarilyforthepurposeofcoachingarelikelytoshirk(推卸)teachingresponsibilities,theargumentgoes.Moreover,eveninthecaseswheretheemployeeisateacherfirstandathleticcoachsecond,theadditionalresponsibilitiesthatcomewithcoachinglikelycomesattheexpenseoftimeotherwisespentonplanning,grading,andcommunicatingwithparentsandguardians.L)Thedata,however,donotseemtoconfirmthisstereotype.Inthemostrigorousstudyontheclassroomresultsofhighschoolcoaches,theUniversityofArkansas’sAnnaEgalitefindsthatathleticcoachesinFloridamostlytendtoperformjustaswellastheirnon-coachingcounterparts,withrespecttoraisingstudenttestscores.Wedonotdoubtthatteacherswhoalsocoachfaceserioustradeoffsthatlikelycomeattheexpenseoftimetheycoulddedicatetotheiracademicobligations.However,aswithsportingevents,athleticcoachesgainadditionalopportunitiesforcommunicatingandservingasmentors(導(dǎo)師)thatpotentiallyhelpstudentssucceedandmakeupforthecostsofcoachingcommitments.M)Ifschoolsallowstudent-athletestoregularlymissoutoninstructionaltimeforthesakeoftravelingtoathleticcompetitions,that’sbad.However,suchissueswouldbebetteraddressedbychangingschoolandstatepolicieswithregardtotheschedulingofsportingeventsasopposedtototalelimination.Iftheempiricalevidencepointstoanything,itpointstowardsschoolsponsoredsportsprovidingassetsthatarewellworththecosts.N)DespitenegativestereotypesaboutsportscultureandRipley’spresumptionthatacademicsandathleticsareatoddswithoneanother,webelievethatthegreaterbodyofevidenceshowsthatschool-sponsoredsportsprogramsappeartobenefitstudents.Successesontheplayingfieldcancarryovertotheclassroomandviceversa(反之亦然).Moreimportantly,findingwaystoincreaseschoolcommunities’socialcapitalisimperativetothesuccessoftheschoolaswhole,notjusttheathletes.46.Stunetsfromlow-incomefamilieshavelessaccesstooff-campussportsprograms.

47.AmandaRipleyarguesthatAmericashouldlearnfromothercountriesthatrankhighininternationaltestsandlaylessemphasisonathletics.

48.Accordingtotheauthor,AmandaRipleyfailstonotethatstunents'performanceinexamsvariesfromstatetostate.

49.AmandaRipleythinksthatathleticcoachesarepooratclassroominstruction.

50.JamesColeman'slaterresrarchmakeanargumentforaschool'ssocialcapital.

51.Reaearchersfindthatthereisappsitiverelationshipbetweenaschool'scommitmenttoathleticsandacademicachievements.

52.Aarigorousstudyfindsthatathleticcoachesalsodowellinraisingstudents'testscores.

53.Accordingtoanevaluation,spogramscontributetostudents'sacademicpreformanceandcharacterbuilding.

54.AmandaRipleybelievestheemphasisonschoolsportsshuoldbebroughtupwhentryingtounderstandwhyAamericanstudentsaremediocre.

55.JamesColemansuggestsinhisearlierwritingsthatschoolathleticswouldundermineaschool'simage.SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD..YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Passageone

Itiseasytomissamidtheday-to-dayheadlinesofglobaleconomicrecession,butthereisalessconspicuouskindofsocialupheaval(劇變)underwaythatisfastalteringboththefaceoftheplanetandthewayhumanbeingslive.Thatchangeistherapidaccelerationofurbanization.In2023,forthefirsttimeinhumanhistory,morethanhalftheworld’spopulationwaslivingintownsandcities.Andasarecentlypublishedpapershows,theprocessofurbanizationwillonlyaccelerateinthedecadestocome—withanenormousimpactonbiodiversityandpotentiallyonclimatechange.

AsKarenSeto,theledauthorofthepaper,pointsout,thewaveofurbanizationisn’tjustaboutthemigrationofpeopleintourbanenvironments,butabouttheenvironmentsthemselvesbecomingbiggertoaccommodateallthosepeople.Therapidexpansionofurbanareaswillhaveahugeimpactonbiodiversityhotspotsandoncarbonemissionsinthoseurbanareas.

Humansaretheultimateinvasivespecies—whenthemoveintonewterritory,theoftendisplacethewildlifethatwasalreadylivingthere.Andaslandisclearedforthosenewcities—especiallyinthedensetropicalforests—carbonwillbereleasedintotheatmosphereaswell.It’struethataspeopleindevelopingnationsmovefromthecountrysidetothecity,theshiftmayreducethepressureonland,whichcouldinturnbegoodfortheenvironment.Thisisespeciallysoindesperatelypoorcountries,whereresidentsinthecountrysideslashandburnforestseachgrowingseasontoclearspaceforfarming.Buttherealdifferenceisthatindevelopingnations,themovefromruralareastocitiesoftenleadstoanaccompanyingincreaseinincome—andthatincreaseleadstoanincreaseintheconsumptionoffoodandenergy,whichinturncausesariseincarbonemissions.Gettingenoughtoeatandenjoyingthesafetyandcomfortoflivingfullyonthegridiscertainlyagoodthing—butitdoescarryanenvironmentalprice.

Theurbanizationwavecan’tbestopped—anditshouldn’tbe.ButSeto’spaperdoesunderscoretheimportanceofmanagingthattransition.Ifwedoittherightway,wecanreduceurbanization’simpactontheenvironment.“There’sanenormousopportunityhere,andalotofpressureandresponsibilitytothinkabouthowweurbanize,”saysSeto.“Onethingthat’sclearisthatwecan’tbuildcitiesthewaywehaveoverthelastcoupleofhundredyears.Thescaleofthistransitionwon’tallowthat.”We’reheadedtowardsanurbanplanetnomatterwhat,butwhetheritbecomesheavenorhellisuptous.56.Whatissuedoestheauthortrytodrawpeople’sattentionto?

A.Theshrinkingbiodiversityworldwide.

B.Therapidincreaseofworldpopulation.

C.Theongoingglobaleconomicrecession.

D.Theimpactofacceleratingurbanization.

57.Inwhatsensearehumanstheultimateinvasivespecies?

A.Theyaremuchgreedierthanotherspecies.

B.Theyareauniquespeciesborntoconquer.

C.Theyforceotherspeciesoutoftheirterritories.

D.Theyhaveanurgetoexpandtheirlivingspace.

58.Inwhatwayisurbanizationinpoorcountriesgoodfortheenvironment?

A.Morelandwillbepreservedforwildlife.

B.Thepressureonfarmlandwillbelessened.

C.Carbonemissionswillbeconsiderablyreduced.

D.Naturalresourceswillbeusedmoreeffectively.

59.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutlivingcomfortablyinthecity?

A.Itincursahighenvironmentalprice.

B.Itbringspovertyandinsecuritytoanend.

C.Itcausesabigchangeinpeople’slifestyle.

D.Itnarrowsthegapbetweencityandcountry.

60.WhatcanbedonetominimizethenegativeimpactofurbanizationaccordingtoSeto?

A.Slowingdownthespeedoftransition.

B.Innovativeuseofadvancedtechnology.

C.Appropriatemanagementoftheprocess.

D.Enhancingpeople’ssenseofresponsibility.PassageTwo

WhenHarvardstudentMarkZuckerberglaunchedthefacebookinFeb.2023,evenhecouldnotimaginetheforcesitwouldletloose.Hisintentwastoconnectcollegestudents.Facebook,whichiswhatthiswebsiterapidlyevolvedinto,endedupconnectingtheworld.

Tothechildrenofthisconnectedera,theworldisonegiantsocialnetwork.Theyarenotbound—aswerepreviousgenerationsofhumans—bywhattheyweretaught.Theyareonlylimitedbytheircuriosityandambition.Duringmychildhood,allknowledgewaslocal.Youlearnedeverythingyouknewfromyourparents,teachers,preachers,andfriends.

Withthehigh-qualityandtimelyinformationattheirfingertips,today’schildrenarerisingnormallytamemiddleclassisspeakingupagainstsocialills.SiliconValleyexecutivesarebeingshamedintoaddingwomentotheirboards.Politicalleadersaremarshallingtheenergyofmillionsforelectionsandpoliticalcauses.AllofthisisbeingdonewithsocialmediatechnologiesthatFacebookanditscompetitorssetfree.

Asdoeseveryadvancingtechnology,socialmediahascreatedmanynewproblems.Itiscommonlyaddictiveandcreatesrisksforyoungerusers.SocialmediaisusedbyextremistsintheMiddleEastandelsewheretoseekandbrainwashrecruits.Anditexposesusandourfriendstodisagreeablespying.Wemayleaveourlightsoninthehousewhenweareonvacation,butthroughsocialmediawetellcriminalsexactlywhereweare,whenweplantoreturnhome,andhowtoblackmail(敲詐)us.

Governmentsdon’tneedinformersanymore.Socialmediaallowsgovernmentagenciestospyontheirowncitizens.Werecordourthoughts,emotions,likesanddislikesonFacebook;weshareourpoliticalviews,socialpreferences,andplans.Wepostintimatephotographsofourselves.Nospyagencyorcriminalorganizationcouldactivelygatherthetypeofdatathatwevoluntarilypostforthem.

Themarketersarealsoseeingbigopportunities.Amazonistryingtopredictwhatwewillorder.Googleistryingtojudgeourneedsandwantsbasedonoursocial-mediaprofiles.Weneedtobeawareoftherisksandkeepworkingtoalleviatethedangers.

Regardlessofwhatsocialmediapeopleuse,onethingiscertain:weareinaperiodofacceleratingchange.Thenextdecadewillbeevenmoreamazingandunpredictablethanthelast.Justasnoonecouldpredictwhatwouldhappenwithsocialmediainthelastdecade,noonecanacc