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學(xué)必求其心得,業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得,業(yè)必貴于專精PAGEPAGE50學(xué)必求其心得,業(yè)必貴于專精專題21語法填空2018年高考題【2018·全國I】閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式.Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears___61___(long)thannon-runners。Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong___62___(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof___63___(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycann'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit___64___(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife___65___walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014___66___showedamerefiveto10minutesAdayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall___67___(cause).Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo。Butotherwise…it’sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto___68___(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit'salways___69___(energy)。Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive___70___atry?!敬鸢浮?1。longer62。tosee63.dying64。is65.than66.that\which67。causes68.strength69.energetic70。it\running【解析】本文是一篇說明文.文章講述了跑步的好處,它可以幫助人們延年益壽.63??疾閯用~。你也許喝酒、吸煙或超重,但仍然通過跑步會減少早亡的風(fēng)險。此處of是介詞,其后用動名詞.故填dying。64.考查動詞的時態(tài)。醫(yī)學(xué)報告顯示:跑步比散步、騎車和游泳更能有效地延長壽命.這里敘述的是一個事實,故用一般現(xiàn)在時。故填is.65.考查比較句型。跑步比散步、騎車和游泳更能有效地延長壽命。根據(jù)文章中的moreeffective可知此處填than.66.考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。此處astudy是先行詞,其在定語從句中作主語,故填that或which。點睛:本文比較難的一個題是10題。短語giveitatry不容易想出來。giveatry試試。Givesbsth;givesthtosb這些短語學(xué)生都很清楚.但give后加it或sth的形式,比較少見。高考復(fù)習(xí)要盡可能多的復(fù)習(xí)相關(guān)的短語,尤其是用的比較多,而課本中出現(xiàn)較少的短語。【2018·全國II】閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。DietshavechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011,thecountry___61___(grow)morecornthanrice。Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover___62___past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent。Atasteformeatis___63___(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle。Anotherreasonforcorn’srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice___64___(improve)waterquality.Cornuseslesswater___65___riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff。Thisswitchhasdecreased___66___(pollute)inthecountry’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople。AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal___67___(globe)fertilizerconsumption。TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment___68___(start)asoil—testingprogram___69___givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers-and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.Thatpreventedtheemission(排放)of51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile___70___(feed)itscitizens"offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide。"saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.【答案】61。hasgrown62。the63.actually64。toimprove65.than66.pollution67。global68。started69.that/which70。feeding【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文中講述了中國為保護(hù)環(huán)境在農(nóng)作物種植上做了一些變化并得到了世界上的知名認(rèn)識的認(rèn)可。63.考查副詞。句意:對肉的需求實際上是這種變化的背后原因.句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整,用副詞修飾句子。故填actually。64.考查非謂語動詞。句意:為了改善水質(zhì)政府鼓勵農(nóng)民種植玉米而不是大米。沒有連詞可以且謂語動詞是encourages,故improve應(yīng)該用非謂語動詞。此處表示目的,故用不定式。故填toimprove。65.考查連詞。句意:玉米比大米使用的水更少。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞less可知,填比較連詞。故填than。66.考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意:這一轉(zhuǎn)變減少了中國較大的湖泊和水庫的污染,使人們的飲用水更加安全。hasdecreased后跟名詞作賓語,故填pollution。67。考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意:中國約占全球化肥總消費(fèi)量的30%.fertilizerconsumption是名詞短語,故應(yīng)該用形容詞修飾.故填global。68.考查謂語動詞。句意:在2005年政府開始了一項土壤測試項目。本句是when引導(dǎo)的定語從句,由于時間是2005年,故用過去時.故填started。69??疾槎ㄕZ從句關(guān)系詞.根據(jù)空后的謂語動詞gives可知,該空缺少主語,指代program并且引導(dǎo)后面的句子。指物用that/which,故填that或者which。70.考查省略句。句意:中國在養(yǎng)活了中國人民的同時又保護(hù)了環(huán)境.這一做法為全世界的農(nóng)業(yè)和糧食政策制定人提供了很有用的經(jīng)驗??崭裉幈硎菊谶M(jìn)行的動作,while后面省略掉了Chinais,省略句的原則:在時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、,讓步狀語從句中,如果從句的主語和主句的主語一致且含有be動詞時,那么可以把主語和be動詞一塊省略。故填feeding.點睛:學(xué)會分析句子成分。TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstartedasoil—testingprogramwhich/thatgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers-and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7。7milliontons。這句話中有兩個定語從句。一個是關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)的定語從句,先行詞是2005,thegovernment是主語,asoil—testingprogram是賓語,故此空缺少謂語動詞,我們可以看出時態(tài)是一般過去時。另一個是關(guān)系代詞指代program引導(dǎo)的定語從句,先行詞是program,gives是第三人稱謂語動詞,可以看出是考查關(guān)系詞。代指物并作主語,關(guān)系詞要用that/which?!?018·全國III】閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。I'mnotsure_____61_____ismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.I’mwalkingonapathintheforestintheCentralAfricanRepublic.Unexpectedly,I’mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat____62____topofherlungs。Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400-poundmaleappears。Hescreamsthe___63___(loud)ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardme.Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid____64____(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel____65____(challenge)。MynameisMireyaMayor.I’ma___66___(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys。Iwassearching___67___thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI'dbeenobserving.Noonehadseenthemforhours,andmycolleaguesandIwereworried.WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind____68____(they)alive。Truetoagorilla’sunaggressivenature,thehugeanimal____69____(mean)menorealharm.Hewasjustsaying:"I’mkingofthisforest,andhereisyourreminder!”O(jiān)ncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme____70____(stay)andwatch.【答案】61.which62.the63.loudest64。looking65.challenged66.scientist67。for68。them69。meant70.tostay【解析】本文為記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在中非偶遇大猩猩,彼此驚恐的經(jīng)歷。64.考查動詞.動詞avoid后要加doing。此處表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking.65??疾榉侵^語。根據(jù)語境可知,此處表示不直視他的眼睛,他就不會感到被挑戰(zhàn)性。feel為系動詞,表示“被挑戰(zhàn)”,用過去分詞challenged。66??疾槊~。根據(jù)語境可知,我是一名科學(xué)家。scientist科學(xué)家?!军c睛】此題考查固定搭配較多,其中第2,4,7,10都為固定搭配,對于這類題目我們需要熟練掌握動詞的固定搭配以及介詞短語。而此題的第一題則考查從句,對于從句我們可以通過分析句子成分確定連接詞的選擇。如本題為賓語從句,賓語從句中缺主語,所以應(yīng)該從連接代詞who,whom,what,which,whose,再根據(jù)指人做主語可判斷用which?!?018·浙江】閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。FewpeopleIknowseemtohavemuchdesireortimetocook。MakingChinese___56___(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome。Manywesterners___57___cometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheap___58___canbetoeatout。Istillremember___59___(visit)afriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandI___60___(shock)whenIlearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.Whileregularlyeatingoutseemsto___61___(become)commonformanyyoungpeopleinrecentyears,it’snotwithoutacost.Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybe___62___(afford)butdoingthismostdaysaddsup。Therecouldbeaneven___63___(high)costonyourhealth。Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein___64___(weigh)problems。Ifyouarenotgoingtosufferthisproblem,thenIsuggestthatthenexttimeyougotoyourmum’shome___65___dinner,getafewcookingtipsfromher。Cookingfoodcanbefun。Youmightalsobegintonoticetheeffectsnotonlyonyourhealthbutinyourpocket.【答案】56.dishes57.who/that58。it59.visiting60。wasshocked61.havebecome62.affordable63.higher64.weight65。for【解析】作者描述了人們喜歡在外面吃飯的現(xiàn)象,分析了其對身體和花費(fèi)的不良影響,建議我們在家做飯。56??疾槊~。此處指中國菜,表示泛指應(yīng)該用名詞復(fù)數(shù),故填dishes。57。考查關(guān)系代詞。句中包含定語從句,先行詞是westerners指人,在定語從句中做主語,用關(guān)系代詞who/that引導(dǎo),故填who/that。60.考查形容詞。此處表示我感到很震驚。shock的主語是I,用形容詞和系動詞組成系表結(jié)構(gòu),表示過去發(fā)生的事,系動詞用過去式。故填wasshocked。61??疾閯釉~時態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語inrecentyears可知用現(xiàn)在完成時,seemsto后用動詞原形,故填havebecome.62??疾樾稳菰~.此處表示一周一兩次外出吃飯是負(fù)擔(dān)得起的,系動詞be后用形容詞作表語,表示“負(fù)擔(dān)得起的”故填affordable。63.考查形容詞比較級。此處修飾名詞cost用形容詞,由even表示程度修飾比較級,故填higher.64.考查名詞.此處指體重問題,用名詞修飾problems,故填weight。65??疾榻樵~。表示去母親家去吃飯,表示目的用介詞for,故填for.2017年高考題語法填空[2017·全國卷Ⅰ]閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardslowerfatcontentandlesssalt.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(醫(yī)學(xué)界)61。________amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside62.________(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight。Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet。Theyarerequired63。________(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions。Whenfatandsalt64。________(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething。As65.________result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Even66。________(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup。Fastfood67.________(be)fulloffatandsalt;by68。________(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet。Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃點心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be69.________(care)nottogotoextremes.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,70.________isnotgoodforthehealth。【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了對于食物中的脂肪和鹽分,人們的態(tài)度不一。脂肪和鹽分對于健康來說是必不可少的,但如果人們攝入過多的脂肪和鹽分,自身的健康將會受到損害.61.as考查介詞。這個做法最初是醫(yī)學(xué)界作為一種對抗心臟病的形式開始的。as表示“作為”,故填as。62.effects考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。分析語境可知作者表達(dá)的意思是“一些意料之外的副作用”,根據(jù)前文的some可知副作用有很多,故填effects。66。worse考查比較級。更糟糕的是,人們所吃的快餐的數(shù)量增加了.故填worse。67.is考查主謂一致。fastfood的意思是“快餐",表示一類食物,為不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式.故填is.68.eating考查動名詞。根據(jù)前文中的by可知此處應(yīng)該填eat的動名詞形式。故填eating。69。careful考查形容詞。分析語境可知be后面應(yīng)該用形容詞作表語,故填careful.70.which考查非限制性定語從句.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知whichisnotgoodforthehealth為非限制性定語從句,先行詞為前文中的tohavetoomuchofboth,即“攝入過多的脂肪和鹽”。故填which?!久麕燑c睛】語法填空題的考查形式為:在一篇200詞左右的語篇(短文或?qū)υ挘┲辛舫?0處空白,部分空白的后面給出單詞的基本形式,要求考生根據(jù)上下文填寫空白處所需的內(nèi)容或所提供單詞的正確形式,所填寫詞語不得多于3個單詞.考生須靈活運(yùn)用語法知識,如單詞詞性、單詞時態(tài)、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)、連接詞、代詞、冠詞等判斷各空白處應(yīng)填寫的內(nèi)容。具體考查形式有以下幾種:一、給出動詞基本形態(tài),填寫詞性詞形轉(zhuǎn)化(轉(zhuǎn)為名詞、形容詞),或填寫謂語部分,可能需要填寫兩個或三個詞,或是填寫非謂語動詞;二、給出形容詞,需要填寫比較級、最高級,或詞性詞形轉(zhuǎn)化,轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞,或是填寫反義詞(前綴);三、給出副詞,填寫比較級、最高級,或是填寫反義詞;四、不給提示詞,主要填寫介詞、連詞、冠詞和代詞.有提示詞:考查謂語動詞,非謂語動詞,形容詞,副詞例如第62題hashadsomeunintendedside62(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease,給出了提示詞effect??忌梢詮脑~性變化和單復(fù)數(shù)兩方面考慮,effect可變?yōu)樾稳菰~effective,變?yōu)楦痹~effectively,分析語境可知劃線處應(yīng)該填名詞,不需要做詞性上的變化。所以考生可以從單復(fù)數(shù)方面考慮,根據(jù)劃線處前的some可知應(yīng)該填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。所以考生可以確定正確答案為effects.無提示詞:考查冠詞,介詞,連詞,代詞 例如第70題itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,70isnotgoodforthehealth。結(jié)合語境可知作者要表達(dá)“很可能攝入過多的脂肪和鹽,那對健康沒有好處"的意思。分析可知whichisnotgoodforthehealth為非限制性定語從句,先行詞為前文中的havetoomuchofboth“攝入過多的脂肪和鹽”,所以填which。[2017·全國卷Ⅱ]閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometresandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible61.________(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand62。________work。Ittookthreeyearstocompleteandwasbuiltusinganinterestingmethod。Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,63.________(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover64.________top.Whenallthosehadbeendone,theroadsurfacewasreplaced.Steamengines65。________(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen66.________(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusing67。________everyday。Later,engineers68.________(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道),whichbecameknownastheTube.Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe69.________(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts。TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost70.________(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900。Ithadwhite.paintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages,andprovedextremelypopularwiththepublic。[文章大意]本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了地鐵的最初發(fā)展史。61.crowds考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。倫敦人口眾多,導(dǎo)致路面交通擁堵,于是修建地鐵。用crowds這一復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示不斷涌現(xiàn)的人群,用來形容人口稠密。62.from考查介詞。與前面的介詞to一起來表示上下班(toandfromwork).63。laying考查非謂語動詞。此處用lay的動名詞形式laying與前面的digging形成并列.該詞填空難度較大,若考生未辨明lie—lying/lay/lain和lay—laying/laid/laid等特殊詞形變化會導(dǎo)致錯誤。64。the考查冠詞。此處特指鐵軌上方的頂部工程。70。successful考查形容詞。形容詞與定冠詞連用,相當(dāng)于名詞,由于該詞后有介詞of結(jié)構(gòu),故只能用形容詞.【名師點睛】在語法填空中,我們要特別注意詞性轉(zhuǎn)換題.如本文的【小題69】,橫線前是冠詞the,所以橫線上要使用名詞introduction?!拘☆}66】,在英語中,副詞通常做狀語修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞,形容詞通常在句中做定語或表語修飾名詞。所以本句中使用副詞fairly作狀語修飾形容詞pleasant。詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題要先確定所要填的單詞在句中的成分。技巧1:作表語、定語或補(bǔ)語,通常用形容詞形式。技巧2:作主語,或在及物動詞或介詞后作賓語,用名詞形式。技巧3:修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞,或整個句子,作狀語,用副詞形式。技巧4:括號中所給詞為動詞時,也不一定是考動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)或非謂語動詞,

有可能考詞類轉(zhuǎn)換;若是形容詞或副詞,有可能考查其比較級或最高級。技巧5:詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題。詞類不一定要變,主要是考查具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞,需根據(jù)句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系,在詞根前加un—,

im-,il—,

ir—,in-,

non—,

dis-等,在詞根后加-less等。

考點:考查語法填空[2017·全國卷Ⅲ]閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Shelookslikeanyotherschoolgirl,fresh-facedandfulloflife。SarahThomasislookingforwardtothechallengeofhernewA.levelcourse。Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16.year。oldSarahisnotspendinghalf。term61.________(rest)。Instead,sheisearning£6,500adayas62.________modelinNewYork。Sarah63。________(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.HerfatherPeter,44,wantshertogiveupschooltomodelfull.time.ButSarah,64.________hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants65。________(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty。Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher66。________(educate).Shehasturneddownseveral67。________(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull。timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree68。________engineeringorarchitecture.Sarahsays,“MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow。Butatthemoment,school69。________(come)first.Idon’twanttogettooabsorbedinmodelling.Itis70。________(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal。Idon'twanttohavenothingelsetofallbackonwhenIcan’tmodelanymore.”【文章大意】文章介紹了紐約市16歲的高中女孩薩拉,她不僅學(xué)習(xí)成績好,長得漂亮,而且是一名收入不菲的時裝模特。她爸爸希望她退學(xué)專門從事模特行業(yè),但是她以學(xué)業(yè)為重,堅持學(xué)業(yè)和工作兩不誤。61.resting考查非謂語動詞。spend…(in)doingsth是固定句式,意為“花……做某事”。62.a考查冠詞。根據(jù)句意和語境可知,薩拉只是紐約眾多模特中的一個,是泛指;而且model的第一個音素是輔音音素,故用不定冠詞a。65。toprove考查動詞不定式.wanttodosth為固定搭配,故用動詞不定式。66。education考查名詞。前面是形容詞性物主代詞her,故用名詞形式。67。invitations考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)句意“她拒絕了幾個邀請”可知,此處需要填名詞,而且invitation是可數(shù)名詞,前面有several修飾,故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。68.in考查介詞.getadegreein是固定搭配,意為“在……方面獲得學(xué)位"。69.comes考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)atthemoment可知這個句子應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時,而且主語是單數(shù),故用comes。70。certainly考查副詞。certainly在此處修飾形容詞fun?!久麕燑c睛】語法填空要求考生閱讀一篇短文,然后按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求完成10道語法填空題.做題要求:一是在空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~;二是使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空.純空格題一般要填冠詞、介詞、連詞、代詞等,如果是物主代詞,則空后需跟名詞,比如66題。而有提示詞的需要根據(jù)語境,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),判斷所填詞的詞性,再確定所填詞的形式。例如67題,several是修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞的詞,所以判斷后面用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。[2017·浙江卷6月考]閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式.LastOctober,whiletendinghergardeninMora,Sweden,LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall56.________(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway。Butsomethingmadeherlookcloser,andshenoticeda57.________(shine)object.Yes,therebeneaththeleafytopofonetinycarrotwasherlong-lostweddingring。Pahlssonscreamed58。________loudlythatherdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse.“ShethoughtIhadhurt59.________(I),”saysPahlsson。Sixteenyears60。________(early),Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondring61。________(cook)ameal.Whenshewantedtoputtheringbackonlater,itwasgone。Shesuspectedthatoneofherthreedaughters—thenten,eight,andsix-hadpickeditup,butthegirlssaidtheyhadn't.Pahlssonandherhusband62。________(search)thekitchen,checkingeverycorner,butturnedupnothing.“Igaveuphopeoffindingmyringagain,"shesays.Sheneverreplacedit.Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygot63.________(sweep)intoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden,64。________itremaineduntilthecarrot’sleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生長)throughit。ForPahlsson,itsreturnwas65.________wonder.【文章大意】本文是一則小故事,主要講述了LenaPahlsson在16年前丟失了結(jié)婚戒指,現(xiàn)在失而復(fù)得的故事。60。earlier考查比較級.此處語意表示“16年前",故填earlier?!久麕燑c睛】在語法填空中,我們要特別注意詞性轉(zhuǎn)換題。如本文的57題,“shenoticeda57(shine)object",句中a為冠詞,object為名詞,橫線處應(yīng)填寫形容詞。故填shiny或shining。詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題要先確定所要填的單詞在句中的成分.技巧1:作表語、定語或補(bǔ)語,通常用形容詞形式。技巧2:作主語,或在及物動詞或介詞后作賓語,用名詞形式。技巧3:修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞,或整個句子,作狀語,用副詞形式.技巧4:括號中所給詞為動詞時,也不一定是考動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)或非謂語動詞,

有可能考詞類轉(zhuǎn)換;若是形容詞或副詞,有可能考查其比較級或最高級.技巧5:詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題。詞類不一定要變,主要是考查具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞,需根據(jù)句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系,在詞根前加un-,

im-,il—,

ir-,in—,

non—,

dis-等,在詞根后加-less等.

考點:考查語法填空2016年高考題1.【2016·全國新課標(biāo)I】閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式.Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia’sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels。Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop____61_(attract).Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for—profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch,I_____62_(allow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre。Fromtomorrow,IwillbetheirUKambassador。Thetitlewillbe__63___(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback____64__mydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,____65_IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter__66___(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude____67_(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchinthemistymountainsofBifengxia。Onmyrecentvisit,Ihelpalivelythree—month—oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby_____68_(it)mother。Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew__69__(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle—fed,__70____otheriswithmum-sheneversuspects.【答案】61。roducing68.its69.days70.the【解析】試題分析:本文是一篇記敘文.講述了作者作為特邀人員在四川成都的大熊貓基地的所見所聞.67.introducing考查動名詞。介詞后面應(yīng)該用動名詞形式。68.its考查代詞。修飾名詞用形容詞性的物主代詞,故填its。69.days考查名詞復(fù)數(shù).Few修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞?!練w納總結(jié)】修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞的詞和短語包括:many,few,afew,several,anumberof,hundredsof等。修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞和短語包括:much,alittle,little,abitof等.既能修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞又能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞和短語包括:more,such,plentyof,alotof,lotsof,aquantityof,quantitiesof等。70。the考查冠詞。固定短語:one…theother“一個……另一個”??键c:語法填空【歸納總結(jié)】語法填空題的考查范圍:動詞(時態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致、非謂語形式)、名詞、代詞、冠詞、介詞、數(shù)詞,連詞,固定搭配、情態(tài)動詞、復(fù)合句、形容詞和副詞的比較級最高級及構(gòu)詞法、倒裝、虛擬語氣,省略、強(qiáng)調(diào)等。如:63題是考查副詞;68題考查代詞;69題考查名詞復(fù)數(shù);70題考查冠詞等。解題策略:1.略讀理解—分析填空-連貫檢查(語法正確、語意連貫、拼寫正確、書寫規(guī)范、大小寫準(zhǔn)確)2。了解語法、詞法、句法、章法和慣用法。2?!?016·全國新課標(biāo)II】閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式.Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(識別)thoseof41(great)andlessimportance.Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof42(achieve)。Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow43(be)oftenacceptable。Mostofusaremorefocused44ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday。So,getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductive45possiblebeforelunch。Thiswillgiveyoutheconfidenceyouneedtogetyouthroughtheafternoonandgohomefeelingaccomplished。Recent46(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks47(regular).Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor48while,exercising,ordongsomethingyouenjoy。Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you’llbelesslikely49(bring)yourworkhome.Itcouldbeanything—gardening,cooking,music,sports—butwhateveritis,50(make)sureit'sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout?!敬鸢浮?1。greater42。achievement43.is44。on45。as46。studies47.regularly48。a49.tobring50.make【解析】試題分析:本文屬于說明,告訴我們當(dāng)工作壓力太大的時候,應(yīng)該怎么做來合理釋放壓力。44.on考查固定搭配。形容詞短語befocusedon集中于..。。;很多人早晨對任務(wù)的注意力要比晚些時候的注意力更集中。45。as考查固定搭配。短語as。。。as。。。。和.。。一樣;正是因為人們早晨的注意力更為集中,所以我們要早起,要和午飯之前一樣的高效率。46。studies考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù).本句的謂語動詞是show,說明主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞studies.47.regualrly考查副詞。在英語副詞通常做狀語修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞,形容詞通常在句中做定語或表語修飾名詞.所以本句中使用副詞regularly做狀語修飾動詞takeshortbreaks?!久麕燑c睛】在語法填空中,我們要特別注意詞性轉(zhuǎn)換題。如本文的【小題42】,橫線前面有介詞of,橫線上要使用名詞achievement作為of的賓語.【小題47】,在英語副詞通常做狀語修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞,形容詞通常在句中做定語或表語修飾名詞.所以本句中使用副詞regularly做狀語修飾動詞takeshortbreaks。詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題要先確定所要填的單詞在句中的成分。技巧1:作表語、定語或補(bǔ)語,通常用形容詞形式.技巧2:作主語,或在及物動詞或介詞后作賓語,用名詞形式。技巧3:修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞,或整個句子,作狀語,用副詞形式。技巧4:括號中所給詞為動詞時,也不一定是考動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)或非謂語動詞,

有可能考詞類轉(zhuǎn)換;若是形容詞或副詞,有可能考查其比較級或最高級.技巧5:詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題。詞類不一定要變,主要是考查具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞,需根據(jù)句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系,在詞根前加un—,

im—,il—,

ir-,in-,

non—,

dis-等,在詞根后加-less等。

考點:考查語法填空3?!?016·全國新課標(biāo)III】閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。InmuchofAsia,especiallytheso—called"ricebowl"culturesofChina,Japan,Korea,41Vietnam,foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks。TheChinesehaveusedchopsticksforfivethousandyears.Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,44(use)twigs(樹枝)toremoveit.Overtime,45thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly。Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich46(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,47livedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthe48(develop)ofchopsticks.Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand49(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable。ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia。InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat50theirhands.【答案】41。and42。bemade43.tocreate44.using45。as/when46。gradually47。who48。development49。were50。with【解析】試題分析:本題主要考查詞法和句法知識,集中考查了詞性轉(zhuǎn)換,并列句,定語從句,狀語從句和非謂語動詞等語法知識.44.using考查現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。人們可能使用大鍋煮食物,用樹枝把鍋移開,use的邏輯主語是people,兩者是主動關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞表示伴隨狀況,故填using。45.as/when考查時間狀語從句。句意:隨著人口的增長,人們開始把食物切成小塊,這樣可以煮得快一點,這里是時間狀語從句,when意為“當(dāng)……時候”,后跟長動作或短動作,故填as/when。46.gradually考查副詞。副詞修飾動詞或形容詞,這里修飾動詞短語turnedinto,應(yīng)該用副詞,故填gradually.47。who考查非限制性定語從句。劇中有逗號,說明是非限制性定語從句,先行詞是Confucius孔子,定語從句缺少主語,且指人,故填who.考點:名詞;介詞;副詞;并列連詞;非謂語動詞;定語從句;狀語從句.【名師點睛】語法填空的解題技巧語法填空是通過語篇在語境中考查語法知識的運(yùn)用能力。我們在解題前應(yīng)快速瀏覽短文掌握大意,有把握的空格可以進(jìn)行填寫。在讀懂的基礎(chǔ)上,再結(jié)合短文提供的特定的語言環(huán)境去逐句分析逐題解答。按題型設(shè)計分三種情況:1.純空格試題的解題技巧首先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),根據(jù)所缺成分確定哪類詞。然后根據(jù)句子意思,確定具體填什么詞,或根據(jù)兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系確定具體用哪個連詞。比如第41空,45空,47空和50空,41空考查并列連詞,45空考查時間狀語從句,47空考查非限制性定語從句,50空考查介詞。2.給出了動詞的試題解題技巧首先,判斷要填的動詞是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞.若句子沒有別的謂語動詞或者雖然已有謂語動詞,但需填的動詞與之是并列關(guān)系,所給動詞就是謂語動詞,若是謂語動詞就要考慮時態(tài)和語態(tài);若句子有謂語動詞則用非謂語動詞(動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、動名詞和過去分詞).比如42空,43空和49空,給的是動詞,根據(jù)句意可知42空是動詞詞組,43空是不定式表目的,49空是并列的謂語。3。詞匯轉(zhuǎn)換題解題技巧這類題主要考查名詞、形容詞和副詞。根據(jù)所給詞在句中所做句子成分確定用哪種形式。比如46空和48空,分別考查動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞和形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為副詞.4?!?016·上?!?B)Stress:GoodorBad?Stressusedtobeanalmostunknownword,butnowthatweareusedtotalkingaboutit,Ihavefoundthatpeoplearebeginningtogetstressedaboutbeingstressed。Inrecentyears,stress(33)______(regard)asacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems,fromhighbloodpressuretomentalillness。Butlikesomanyotherthings,itisonlytoomuchstress(34)______doesyouharm。Itistimeyouconsideredthatiftherewerenostressinyourlife,youwouldachievealittle。Ifyouarestuckathomewithnostress,thenyourlevelofperformancewillbelow。Uptoacertainpoint,themorestressyouareunder,the(35)_____(good)yourperformancewillbe。Beyondacertainpoint,though,furtherstresswillonlyleadtoexhaustion,illnessandfinallyabreakdown.Youcantellwhenyouareoverthetopandonthedownwardslope,byaskingyourself(36)_______numberofquestions。Doyou,forinstance,feelthattoomuchisbeingexpectedof(37)______,andyetfinditimpossibletosayno?Doyoufindyourselfgettingimpatientor(38)_____(annoy)withpeopleoverunimportantthings?..。Iftheanswertoallthosequestionsisyes,youhadbetter(39)______(control)yourstress,asyouprobablyareundermorestressthanisgoodforyou.Tosomeextentyoucancontroltheamountofstressinyourlife.Doctorshaveworkedoutachartshowinghowmuchstressisinvolvedinvariousevents。Gettingmarriedis50,pregnancy40,movinghouse20,Christmas12,etc。Ifthetotalstressinyourlifeisover150,youaretwiceaslikely(40)_______(get)ill?!敬鸢浮?3。

has

been

regarded

34.

that

35。

better

36.

a

37。

you

38。

annoyed

39.

control

40.

to

get【解析】試題分析:本文是一篇說明文,壓力成為了我們生活中常見的一個詞匯。文章告訴我們一定范圍之內(nèi)的壓力能促進(jìn)我們的工作,但一旦壓力過大,就會給我們的生活帶來很多負(fù)面的影響。34。

that

考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為Itis/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分that/who其它成分;其最大的特點就是去掉itis/was…that/who…句子仍然成立。要注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型能強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語動詞以為的所有的句子成分。本句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句子主語onlytoomuchstress。35.

better

考查固定句式“The+比較級。,the+比較級”意為“越..。。就越。.。。.”。本句句意:你承受的壓力越大,你的表現(xiàn)就會越好.所以本空使用good的比較級形式better。36。

a

考查固定短語。短語anumberof許多,大量;該形容詞短語通常做定語修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式,本句中使用anumberof修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式questions。37。

you

考查上下文串聯(lián)。句意:例如,你是否感覺到對你期待得太多了?本句的主語是you,所以仍然使用賓格you作為介詞of的賓語.【名師點睛】本文【小題34】考查了強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的用法。強(qiáng)調(diào)句是一種修辭方法,是人們?yōu)榱吮磉_(dá)自己的意愿或情感而使用的一種形式:強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:“It

is(was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that(who)+原句其它部分”來強(qiáng)調(diào)說話人的意愿:

It

was

on

Monday

night

that

all

this

happened.所有這一切發(fā)生在周一晚上.

It’s

me

that

he

blamed.他怪的是我。

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型最重要的句型是:

It

is

(was)

被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+

that/

who

句子的其它成份

.英語中許多句子常??梢酝ㄟ^強(qiáng)調(diào)句型對句子的不同成份進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。如:

It

is

they

who

/that

will

have

a

meeting

tomorrow.

(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語)

It

is

a

meeting

that

they

will

have

tomorrow.

(強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語)

It

is

tomorrow

that

they

will

have

a

meeting.

(強(qiáng)調(diào)時間狀語)

應(yīng)注意的要點:

1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可以用來強(qiáng)調(diào)主語、賓語(包括介詞賓語)和狀語.其中的it

本身沒有詞義。

2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的連接詞一般只用who(指人)或that(可指物,也可指人),若被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是狀語,也只能用that

,而不能用when

或者where.而且連接詞都不能省略。如:

It

was

in

the

park

that

he

met

an

old

friend

yesterday.

(雖然強(qiáng)調(diào)的是地點,但不能用where.)

3.強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的主語時,that

或who

之后的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要與它前面被強(qiáng)調(diào)的名詞或代詞一致。如:

It

is

Mary

and

Tom

who

often

do

good

deeds.

4.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的時態(tài)常見的有兩種:一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。即It

is

...

that/who...和It

was

...that/who...。如:

It

was

the

way

he

asked

that

really

upset

me.

5.判斷一個句子是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句的方法是:如果將句中的It

is/was...that/who...去掉,經(jīng)整理后還是一個完整的句子,本句就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。否則,就不是。如:

It

was

in

today’s

newspaper

that

we

found

the

news.

去掉It

was

...that

之后,句子可以整理為:We

found

the

news

in

today’s

newspaper.

這是一個完整的句子,故本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

常見考法:

1.用介詞短語來作為被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分。如:

It

was

for

this

reason

that

he

left

that

school.

It

was

in

this

way

that

he

solved

the

problem.

2.用時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句等作為被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分。如:

It

was

only

when

I

reread

his

poems

that

I

began

to

appreciate

their

beauty.

3.用

not

until

復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)作為被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分。如:

It

was

not

until

she

took

off

her

dark

glasses

that

I

realized

she

was

a

film

star.

It

was

not

until

1920

that

regular

radio

broadcasts

began.

4.在被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分后接定語從句,使句子結(jié)構(gòu)更加復(fù)雜。如:

It

was

on

July

7th

1975

when

he

was

born

that

his

father

died.

5.通過句型轉(zhuǎn)換來進(jìn)行考查。如把肯定句改成一般疑問句或特殊疑問句,或把肯定句改成否定句或否定疑問句等。如:

Was

it

during

the

Second

World

War

that

he

died?

When

was

it

that

the

sports

meeting

began?

It

was

not

Tom

that

stole

the

book.

Wasn't

it

he

that

had

made

a

mistake?

6.通過改變系動詞的形式來進(jìn)行考查。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的系動詞除了用

is

was外

,還可以在其前面加上

may

might

/must

等表示推測的情態(tài)動詞。如:

It

might

be

him

that

you

met

yesterday.考點:考查語法填空5?!?016·四川】閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式?!绢}文】Thegiantpanda41(love)bypeoplethroughouttheworld.Chinesescientists42(recent)hadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornbaby.Shewasavery43(care)m

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