賓語補足語的用法

會計學1賓語補足語的用法英語的五個基本結構S十V 主謂結構S十V十P 主系表結構S十V十O 主謂賓結構S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結構S十V十O十C 主謂賓補結構說明：S＝主語；V＝謂語；P＝表語；O＝賓語；O1＝間接賓語；O2＝直接賓語；C＝賓語補足語

第1頁/共23頁1．S十V句式Herunsquickly．他跑得快。2．S十V(link)十P句式：Thestorysoundsinteresting．這個故事聽起來有趣。3．S十V十O句式Theybuiltahouselastyear．他們去年建了一所房子。4．S十V十O1十O2句式Heofferedmehisseat/hisseattome．他把座位讓給我。5．S十V十O十C句式Goodfoodkeepsyouhealthy.Iwishyoutobehappy.TheynamedtheboyCharlie．IsawherchattingwithNancyHewatchedthepianocarriedupstairs.Don’tleavemebehind.第2頁/共23頁在英語語言中，一些及物動詞后面除了跟賓語外，還需要有一個賓語補足語來對賓語進行補充說明，使其意義更加完整清楚。賓語與賓語補足語合起來稱作復合賓語。第3頁/共23頁一、可以充當賓語補足語的詞和詞組有：1、名詞：

WeelectedSmithourchairman.TheynamedthecityLeningrad.AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.注①：常用名詞充當賓語補足語的動詞有：

call,name,elect,make,think,appoint,choose,find,consider,keep,wish,feel等。這類動詞后也可用先行詞it做形式賓語，而把真正的賓語放到句子后面去。

Hefeltishisdutytomentionthistoher.第4頁/共23頁2、形容詞：

Hedyedherhairbrown.Ithoughthersoniceandsincere.注：常用形容詞充當賓語補足語的動詞有：

believe,think,get,keep,make,find,set,like,wish,see,consider,prove,have,leave,以及paint,drive,turn,cut等。一、可以充當賓語補足語的詞和詞組有：有時可用it做形式賓語，而把真正的賓語放到后面去，構成復合賓語的可以是不定式或是從句。Ifeltitnecessarytomakeeverythingclear.第5頁/共23頁主語+及物動詞+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞（作補語）I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.Icouldfeelthecoldwindblowingonmyface.Atthismomentshenoticedtheteachercomingin.加現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的動詞有：see,hear,smell,feel,keep,watch,leave,get,catch,imagine,like,start,remember,hate.第6頁/共23頁主語+及物動詞+賓語+過去分詞（作補語）HewatchedtheTVsetcarriedoutoftheroom.Lastyeartheyhadtheirhouserebuilt.WhenyouspeakEnglish,besuretomakeyourselfunderstood.這類動詞主要有：make,keep,leave,feel,find,have,hear,watch,see第7頁/共23頁4、動詞不定式：Remindmetowritethatletter,willyou?Heurgedmetojointheircompany.Atthemeetingtheyinvitedmetospeak.這類動詞包括：advice，get,allow,invite,force,oblige,hate,wish,permit,order,bring注：在某些動詞后，這類不定式只限用tobe這種形式Wethoughthimtobeanhonestman.Doyouconsiderthattobeimportant?Shefoundthistobetrueinallthecitiesshevisited.第8頁/共23頁主語+及物動詞+賓語+不帶to的不定式（作補語）Wecanletthisgoon.IsawMartin’sfacegopale.這類動詞主要有：make,let,have,saw,hear,noticewatch,fell,help這類詞變被動的時候后面要加toHewasmadetorecitethewholepoem.Hewasseentofall.第9頁/共23頁6．此外，副詞和介詞短語也可以充當賓語補足語，如：

Whendoyouwantitback?Whydidn’tyouinvitethemin?Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutside.第10頁/共23頁二、賓語和其補足語之間的邏輯關系：1、當名詞、形容詞、副詞和介詞短語充當賓語補足語時，它們和賓語之間有著邏輯上的主謂關系（或稱表語關系），若無賓語補足語，則句意不完整。賓語補足語說明賓語的情況、性質、特征、狀態(tài)、身份或屬類等。試比較：Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.(Yourroomiscleanandtidy.)Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutside.(Thechildrenareatplayoutside.)第11頁/共23頁二、賓語和其補足語之間的邏輯關系：3、當過去分詞充當賓語補足語時，它與賓語之間有著動賓關系，即：賓語是過去分詞所表示的動作的承受者，如：

IonceheardthissongsunginJapanese.(ThissongwasoncesunginJapanese.)Ididn’twantthechildrentakenoutinsuchweather.(Thechildrenweretakenoutinsuchweather.)第12頁/共23頁三、在用現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式作賓語補足語的動詞中，有些只能用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語；有些只能用不定式作賓語補足語；還有的動詞既能用現(xiàn)在分詞又可用不定式作賓語補足語：1、只能用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語的動詞有：catch,keep,mind,prevent,stop,smell,excuse等。例如：

Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette.Hiswordsstartedmethinking.2、只能用不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：wish,desire,expect,love,prefer,trust,encourage,let,allow,permit,mean,lead,bring,put,hurry,cause,remind,ask,invite,beg,request,worry,advise,persuade,callon,tell,order,command,require,make,force,drive,forbid,warn,help,teach,show,assist,report,bear,waitfor//think,take,know,judge,consider,suppose,believe,allow,prove,declare等。3、既能用現(xiàn)在分詞又可用不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：see,watch,notice,lookat,observe,listento,hear,feel,have,imagine,discover,like,want,understand,hate,get,set,leave等。第13頁/共23頁四、使用不定式作賓語補足語時，不定式符號to

的取舍問題：1、在hear,listento,let,have,make,see,watch,notice,observe等動詞后的不定式需省去to。2、feel一詞，跟tobe型不定式帶to；跟todo型不定式不帶to。3、help一詞后的不定式，可帶to，也可以不帶to。（請參見“動詞不定式”一節(jié)）第14頁/共23頁五、在復合賓語中，賓語通常為名詞或代詞，但有時也可以用不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）或that從句來充當。這時，應使用先行it代替賓語，而將真正的賓語移到句子的后部，如：

Ifeltitnecessarytospeakaboutourshortcomings.Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain?Weallthoughtitapitythatyoucouldn’tjoinus.

注意：在這種結構中，賓語補足語通常為名詞或形容詞；常用于這種結構的動詞有：

feel,find,think,make,take,judge,consider等。第15頁/共23頁Practice第16頁/共23頁單句改錯Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimselfunderstand.WeallelectedJasonthemonitor.Theteacheraskedusnotmakesomuchnoise.---Whatanicefireyouhaveinyourfireplace!---DuringthewinterIlikemyhousewarmlyandcomfortable.understoodtowarm第17頁/共23頁5.Don’tleavethewaterrunwhileyoubrushyourteeth.6.Hepushedthedooropening.7.Shelookedaroundandcaughtamanputhishandintothepocketofapassenger.8.Withalotofdifficultproblemssettle,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.9.WhenIcamein,Ifoundaboyhidebehindthedoor.10.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdiedofhisworksunfinished.runningopenputtingtohiddenwith第18頁/共23頁Tellhim_____thewindow.toshutnotB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshut2.----There’saholeinyourbag.----Iknow,I’mgoingtohaveit_____.mendB.mendingC.mendedD.tobemended3.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister____,todayhewasmade____byhislittlesister.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry4.Theywouldnotallowhim_____acrosstheenemyline.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing單項選擇第19頁/共23頁5.Ifoundthedoor_____whenIgothome.openedB.closeC.unlockingD.open6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim___.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoD.donotto7.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise____.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon8.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.settled

B.settling