北京市西城區(qū)2020-2021學年高一上學期期末測英語試題Word版含解析

北京市西城區(qū)2020—2021學年度第一學期期末試卷高一英語本試卷共13頁，共140分?？荚嚂r長120分鐘。第Ⅰ卷(共75分)I.聽力理解（共三節(jié)，22.5分）第一節(jié):(共4小題;每小題1.5分，共6分)聽下面四段對話，每段對話后有一道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。每段對話你將聽一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanthinktheweatherwillbelikeintheafternoon?A.Cloudy.B.Rainy.C.Sunny.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Lookattheclouds!I’dlovetogoout,butIthinkit’sgoingtorain.M:Maybe,butIthinkit’llbesunnythisafternoon.W:Ihopeyou’reright.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inacinema.C.Inasupermarket.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Miss,I’mstillwaitingforacleanglass,andwestillhaven’treceivedoursalads.W:I’msosorry!We’realittlebusierthanusualtonight.I’llbringthemimmediately.I’llalsobringmorewater.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whydidthemanleavehispreviousjob?A.Tostudyfurther.B.Togetexperience.C.Tofindanewjob.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:WelcometoABCCompany.We’dlikeyoutotellusaboutyourworkexperience.M:IworkedatMicrosoftfortwoyears.W:Canyoutelluswhyyouleft?M:IleftbecauseIwentbacktostudyandgetmymaster’sdegree.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whydoesthewomanmakethephonecall?A.Tobookaservice.B.Toaskaboutadelivery.C.Toarrangeameeting.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Hello,thisisMike’sDeliveryService.HowcanIhelpyoutoday?W:I’mcallingaboutadeliveryIhaven’treceived.Myname’sMaryDoe.M:MaryDoe.Alright.Ihaveitrighthere.It’llbedeliveredin15minutes.W:Thankssomuch.Ireallyappreciateit.第二節(jié):（共6小題；每小題1.5分，共9分）聽下面三段對話，每段對話后有兩道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。每段對話你將聽兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】5.Whatisthewoman?A.Abusdriver.B.Acollegestudent.C.Ashopassistant.6.Howmuchwillthewomansavewithadiscount?A.50dollars.B.30dollars.C.20dollars.【答案】5.B6.C【解析】【原文】W:Goodmorning,Mr.BusDriver.M:Hi,goodmorning.Where’reyouofftotoday?W:Mycollege.It’smyfirstdayofclassesthere.M:Wow,youmustbeveryexcited.W:YouhavenoideahowhappyIam.M:Areyouplanningtotakethebusregularly?W:Yes,Iam.Drivingacarissoexpensive!M:Youknow,asastudent,youcanreceiveadiscount.W:Really?Howmuchisthediscount?M:Didyoubuyamonthlypass?W:Yes,itcostfiftydollars.M:Well,withastudentdiscount,youcansavetwentydollars.W:Thirtydollarsforamonthlypass?That’squiteadiscount!M:Youshouldtakeadvantageofit.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】7.WhichagegroupcanapplyfortheholidayEnglishcourses?A.10to13.B.13to16.C.16to19.8.WhyaretheteenagersputwiththeEnglishfamilies?A.Tohavethembetterfollowcollegerules.B.Tohelpthemreducetheirlivingexpenses.C.TogivethemmorechancestolearnEnglish.【答案】7.B8.C【解析】【原文】M:Hello,DudfeyCollege.HowcanIhelpyou?W:Oh,hello.CouldyoutellmeaboutyourholidayEnglishcourses,please?M:Sure.Ourholidaycoursesareforteenagers.Wetakestudentsfromagethirteentosixteen.W:Oh,good.It’sperfectformyfriend’sdaughter.She’sfifteenandcomesfromPoland.Howlongarethecourses?M:Threeweeks.TheybeginonJulyeleventhandfinishonthetwenty-ninth.W:Dothestudentsliveatthecollege?M:Notforthesecourses.WeputtheteenagerswithEnglishfamiliesintheirhomes.Thatway,they’llhavemoreopportunitiestospeakEnglishandlearnaboutlifeinEngland.W:Goodidea!Howmuchdoesacoursecost?M:It’ssixhundredandninetypounds,includingeverything.W:Where’sthecollege?M:It’sonFarleyStreet.W:Thanks.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】9.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Whatmakesafilmgreat.B.Whichfilmtheyprefer.C.Howafilmismade.10.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydotogetherthisweekend?A.Gotoatheatre.B.Workonareport.C.Watchafilmonline.【答案】9.A10.C【解析】【原文】W:Thatwasagreat3Dfilm,wasn’tit?M:Yeah.Thespecialeffectswereamazing.W:IagreebutIlovedthestorylinemost.M:IthoughtitwasOKbutnotgreat.Ithinkthebestthingaboutthefilmwastheeffects—thecolor,thesound,theactionandthefactthatitwasin3D.Allofthesefactorsmadeitfantastic.W:Really?Ithinkifthestorylineisn’tanygood,Iprobablywouldn’tlikethefilm.M:Idon’tagree.Mostfilmshaveverysimilarstorylines.Thebadguys,thegoodguys,theaction,theconflict.Andintheend,thegoodguysalwayswin.That’swhyIthinktheactionandspecialeffectsarethemostimportantelementsofafilm.W:Isupposeyou’rerightaboutstoriesbeingsimilarbutIdon’tthinkallstorylinesareexactlythesame.M:Yeah,maybe.Wanttogoandseeanotherfilmtomorrow?W:Oh,I’dloveto,butIhavetoworkonmyreport.Ifyoulike,wecanwatchoneonlineatmyhousethisweekend.第三節(jié)：（共5小題；每小題1.5分，共7.5分）聽下面一段獨白，根據(jù)題目要求在相應的橫線上寫下關(guān)鍵信息。每小題僅填寫一個詞?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】TipstoStayHealthyDuringChallengingTimesYouwillfeelbetterand___11___betterwhenyoufollowMaintainaroutinearoutine.Itisatreatmentfordepressionandanxiety.Youcan___12___certainlybenefitmentallyandphysicallyfromit.Spendingtimeina___13___environmentappearstobeGooutsideaneffectivewaytoreducestress.Dosomethingyouenjoy—___15___,baking,oronlineSchedule___14___timeshopping.【答案】11.function12.Exercise13.greener14.fun15.reading【解析】【原文】TipstoStayHealthyDuringChallengingTimesInthespiritofworkingfromhomeandmaintainingsocialdistance,belowareafewtipstohelpyoustayhealthy.No.1MaintainaroutineIfyou’reworkingfromhome,makesureyougetupatthesametimeeverymorning,haveashower,eatbreakfast,andstartyourworkdayasyounormallywould.You’llfeelbetterandfunctionbetterwhenyoufollowaroutine.No.2ExerciseExerciseisatreatmentfordepressionandanxiety.Youcancertainlybenefitmentallyandphysicallyfromexerciseanditcanhelppreventdepressionfromdeveloping.No.3GooutsideWalkingorbikingisanidealoutdooractivity.Researchshowsthatspendingtimeinagreenerenvironmentappearstobeaneffectivewaytoreducestress.No.4SchedulefuntimeMakesureyoudosomethingyouenjoyeverysingleday,whetherthatbereading,baking,oronlineshopping.WatchingtoomuchTVmightmakeyougetboredanditwon’thelpyourbraintocompletelyrelax.Hopethetipsabovecanbehelpful.II.完形填空（共15小題；每小題1.5分，共22.5分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。WhenItriedoutforthefootballteamduringthesummerbefore9thgrade,Ineverimaginedhowimportantthissportwouldbecomeinmylife.Footballisa___16___sport,attimesalmostpainful,andpracticesreally___17___ateam’sphysicalandmentallimits.Withouttrustinmyownabilityandastrongsenseofcommitment(投入),Iwouldneverhavemanagedtocontinueafteryearsofhardworkasaplayer,andwithcountless___18___.Inthefirstyear,Iplayedonthedefensiveline.Thiswasanamazing___19___thatgavemeagreatsenseofachievement.Butinthelastgameoftheseason,Iwasseriouslyinjured.Iwasprohibitedfromanyphysicalactivitiesforsixmonths.Aftergoing___20___aseriesofphysicaltreatments,Ireturnedtothefieldasateamcaptain.Ipracticedharderthanevertomakeupformy___21___time.InSeptember,duringmyjunioryear,mynamewasmentionedinthelocalnewspaperasthekeydefensivelinemenontheteam.Afterplayingafantasticseason,Iwasgiventhe___22___ofMostValuablePlayer.___23___,myskillsinfootballdonotmagicallyextendtoothersports.Duringthewinterbreak,Iwentonasnowboardingtripandseriouslyinjuredmyrightshoulder.Ihadtohavefour___24___.SinceIcouldnotusemyrightarmfortwomonths,Ihadtolearnhowtowriteandeatusingmylefthand.____25____lifemustgoon.Iknewthatmyownpresenteffortswoulddecidemyfuture,soI____26____thestricttrainingprogramtobuildstrengthandimproveflexibilityinmy____27____.Afteraneight-monthrecovery,Iwasbackoutonthefieldplayingfootball,thesportI____28____.Inthissense,theworldoffootballhastaughtmeanimportantlifelesson:____29____andcommitmentmakewhatseemsimpossible____30____.ThislessonfromfootballisonethatIknowtranslatesthrougheverypartoflife.16.A.toughB.popularC.typicalD.dynamic17.A.setB.controlC.testD.require18.A.mistakesB.adventuresC.accidentsD.injuries19.A.performanceB.positionC.momentD.advantage20.A.withB.overC.throughD.into21.A.valuableB.lostC.extraD.regular22.A.prideB.choiceC.nameD.honor23.A.UnfortunatelyB.SimilarlyC.HappilyD.Gradually24.A.practicesB.tryoutsC.seasonsD.operations25.A.ButB.OrC.SoD.And26.A.examinedB.changedC.providedD.completed27.A.shoulderB.handC.legD.foot28.A.exploreB.avoidC.loveD.support29.A.KnowledgeB.BeliefC.ExperienceD.Opinion30.A.enjoyableB.possibleC.sensibleD.responsible【答案】16.A17.C18.D19.B20.C21.B22.D23.A24.D25.A26.D27.A28.C29.B30.B【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了作者自己從事足球運動的經(jīng)歷，教會了作者人生中重要的一課：信念和承諾讓看似不可能的事成為可能?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：足球是一項艱苦的運動，有時幾乎是痛苦的，訓練真的考驗了一個球隊的身體和精神極限。A.tough艱難的；B.popular受歡迎的；C.typical典型的；D.dynamic有活力的。根據(jù)“attimesalmostpainful,”可知，足球是一項艱苦的運動。故選A。【17題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：足球是一項艱苦的運動，有時幾乎是痛苦的，訓練真的考驗了一個球隊隊員的身體和精神極限。A.set設(shè)置；B.control控制；C.test測試，考驗；D.require要求。根據(jù)“ateam’sphysicalandmentallimits.”可知，足球訓練考驗球隊隊員的身體和精神極限。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果沒有對自己能力的信任和強烈的責任感，在經(jīng)歷了多年的傷病后，我不可能繼續(xù)努力打球。A.mistakes錯誤；B.adventures冒險；C.accidents事故；D.injuries受傷。根據(jù)下文“Butinthelastgameoftheseason,Iwasseriouslyinjured.”和“Duringthewinterbreak,Iwentonasnowboardingtripandseriouslyinjuredmyrightshoulder.”可知，作者受過許多次傷。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是一個讓我很有成就感的職位。A.performance表現(xiàn)；B.position位置；C.moment時刻；D.advantage優(yōu)勢。根據(jù)“Inthefirstyear,Iplayedonthedefensiveline.”可知，作者在防守位置上很有成就感。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：在經(jīng)過一系列的身體治療后，我以隊長的身份回到了球場。A.with隨著；B.over遍及；C.through通過；D.into進入。gothrough經(jīng)過。根據(jù)“Ireturnedtothefieldasateamcaptain.”可知，作者經(jīng)過治療康復后重回球場。故選C?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：為了彌補失去的時間，我比以往任何時候都更加努力地練習。A.valuable有價值的；B.lost失去的；C.extra額外的；D.regular有規(guī)律的。根據(jù)“Butinthelastgameoftheseason,Iwasseriouslyinjured.Iwasprohibitedfromanyphysicalactivitiesforsixmonths.”和“Ipracticedharderthanever”可知，作者比以往任何時候都更加努力地練習，目的是彌補失去的時間。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在經(jīng)歷了一個夢幻般的賽季后，我被授予了最有價值球員的榮譽。A.pride自豪；B.choice選擇；C.name名字；D.honor榮譽。根據(jù)“Afterplayingafantasticseason”和“MostValuablePlayer”可知，作者被授予最有價值球員的榮譽。故選D。【23題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：不幸的是，我的足球技能并沒有神奇地延伸到其他運動上。A.Unfortunately不幸地；B.Similarly相似地；C.Happily高興地；D.Gradually逐漸地。根據(jù)“myskillsinfootballdonotmagicallyextendtoothersports.”和后文的作者滑雪受傷可知，作者感到不幸的是，他的足球技能并沒有神奇地延伸到其他運動上。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我做了四次手術(shù)。A.practices練習；B.tryouts測試；C.seasons原因；D.operations手術(shù)。根據(jù)“Duringthewinterbreak,Iwentonasnowboardingtripandseriouslyinjuredmyrightshoulder.”可知，作者受傷做了四次手術(shù)。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：但生活還得繼續(xù)。A.But但是；B.Or或者；C.So因此；D.And和。根據(jù)上下文可知，“SinceIcouldnotusemyrightarmfortwomonths,Ihadtolearnhowtowriteandeatusingmylefthand.”和“l(fā)ifemustgoon”之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，用連詞but。故選A。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我知道我現(xiàn)在的努力將決定我的未來，所以我完成了嚴格的訓練計劃，增強肩膀的力量和靈活性。A.examined檢查；B.changed改變；C.provided提供；D.completed完成。根據(jù)“Iknewthatmyownpresenteffortswoulddecidemyfuture,”和“tobuildstrengthandimproveflexibilityinmy___12___.”可知，作者完成了嚴格的訓練計劃。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我知道我現(xiàn)在的努力將決定我的未來，所以我完成了嚴格的訓練計劃，增強肩膀的力量和靈活性。A.shoulder肩膀；B.hand手；C.leg腿；D.foot腳。根據(jù)上文“Duringthewinterbreak,Iwentonasnowboardingtripandseriouslyinjuredmyrightshoulder.”提示可知，作者是肩部受傷，所以通過訓練增強肩膀的力量和靈活性。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：經(jīng)過8個月的康復，我又回到了球場上，踢足球，我熱愛的運動。A.explore探索；B.avoid避免；C.love喜歡；D.support支持。根據(jù)“WhenItriedoutforthefootballteamduringthesummerbefore9thgrade,Ineverimaginedhowimportantthissportwouldbecomeinmylife.”和“Afteraneight-monthrecovery,Iwasbackoutonthefieldplayingfootball,”可知，作者重回球場，說明了他熱愛這項運動。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：從這個意義上說，足球界教會了我人生中重要一課：信念和承諾讓看似不可能的事成為可能。A.Knowledge知識；B.Belief信念；C.Experience經(jīng)驗；D.Opinion觀點。根據(jù)上文“Withouttrustinmyownabilityandastrongsenseofcommitment(投入),Iwouldneverhavemanagedtocontinueafteryearsofhardworkasaplayer,”提示可知，信念和承諾讓作者完成了許多看似不可能完成的事情。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：從這個意義上說，足球界教會了我人生中重要的一課：信念和承諾讓看似不可能的事成為可能。A.enjoyable愉快的；B.possible可能的；C.sensible和情理的；D.responsible負責的。根據(jù)“whatseemsimpossible”可知，作者讓那些看起來不可能的事情變成可能。故選B。III.閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ABigProblems,SimpleSolutionsInventionsareimprovinghealthandwell-beingincommunitiesaroundtheworld.SpeakersatrecentTEDeventshavesharedsimpleandinexpensivesolutionsthatcansolveeverydayproblems.FUELBRIQUETTES（燃料磚）Inthedevelopingworld,smokefromindoorcookingkillsmorethan2millionchildreneachyear.Infact,it’sthenumberonecauseofdeathofchildrenunderfive.AmySmith,founderofD-LabattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),discoveredawaytomakeasafecookingfuel.Thematerialsheusesisalsofreeandplentiful:farmwaste.Smithinventedalow-costdevicethatturnsfarmwasteintofuelbriquettes.Thesebriquettesproducesmokethatislessdangerousthanthesmokefromotherfuel.Theyalsoburnhotterandlastlonger.Farmerscanmakethesebriquettesfromreadilyavailablewaste.Thisinventionhasaneconomicbenefit,too.Farmerscanbuythedevicefor$2andsellbriquettestheydon’tuse.Smithestimates(估算)thatthiscanincreaseafarmer’sincomeby$500amonth.DISASTERSHELTERSOver31millionpeopleworldwidelosetheirhomeseveryyearduetonaturaldisasterssuchashurricanesandearthquakes.Afterthesedisasters,manypeopleliveinterribleconditions—intentsorinlargestadiumswithnoprivacy.GraphicdesignerMichaelMcDanielinventedinexpensiveandtemporaryhousingforpeopleinthesesituations.CalledtheReactionEx,thesesheltersaresmall,one-roomhousesthatcomfortablyholduptofourpeople.They’remadefromaplasticthatisstrong,recyclable,andsuperlight.Infact,they’resolightthattheycanbeliftedbyhandandareveryportableaswell.McDanielhopesthathisinventionwillprovideanaffordablesolutiontohelppeoplerebuildtheirlivesafteranaturaldisaster.31.Thekeygoaltoinventthefuelbriquettesisto________.A.increasefamilyincomeB.makefulluseoffarmwasteC.getfreeandplentifulcookingfuelD.protectkidsfromdangerouscookingsmoke32.Whatarethefeaturesofdisastershelters?ALightandaffordable.B.Heavyandrecyclable.C.Bigandcomfortable.D.Smallandbreakable.33.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplaindesignmethods.B.Tointroducenewinventions.C.Toreportresearchfindings.D.Toadvertiselatestproducts.【答案】31.D32.A33.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了兩個簡單而廉價的解決日常問題的發(fā)明。【詳解】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)FUELBRIQUETTES部分第一段第一句“Inthedevelopingworld,smokefromindoorcookingkillsmorethan2millionchildreneachyear.”（在發(fā)展中國家，室內(nèi)烹飪產(chǎn)生的煙霧每年導致200多萬兒童死亡。）和第二句“discoveredawaytomakeasafecookingfuel”（發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種制造安全烹飪?nèi)剂系姆椒ǎ┛芍?，發(fā)明燃料型煤的關(guān)鍵目標是保護孩子們遠離危險的炊煙。故選D。2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)DISASTERSHELTERS部分第二段第二句“They’remadefromaplasticthatisstrong,recyclable,andsuperlight.”（它們是由堅固、可回收、超輕的塑料制成的。）可知，災難避難所的特點之一是很輕，根據(jù)最后一句“McDanielhopesthathisinventionwillprovideanaffordablesolutiontohelppeoplerebuildtheirlivesafteranaturaldisaster.”（麥克丹尼爾希望他的發(fā)明能夠提供一種經(jīng)濟實惠的解決方案，幫助人們在自然災害后重建生活。）可知，災難避難所是經(jīng)濟實惠的。故選A。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“SpeakersatrecentTEDeventshavesharedsimpleandinexpensivesolutionsthatcansolveeverydayproblems.”（在最近的TED活動上，演講者們分享了一些簡單而廉價的解決日常問題的方法。）可知，這篇文章的主要目的是介紹新發(fā)明。故選B項。BCompassionmaybesomethingthatoneisbornwith,butactuallybeinggoodatcaringforothersrequiresexperienceandacertainsetofskills.AnearlyopportunitytodevelopandpracticetheseskillscamewiththebirthofmybrotherwhenIwasin5thgrade.Althoughittookgreatpatiencetodealwithasmallchild,Ifounddeepjoyinsomethingsosimpleaswatchinghimgrowdaybyday.NotonlydidIenjoytakingcareofmylittlebrother,butIvolunteeredattheOrganizationforSpecialNeedsFamilies(OSNF)inmyneighborhoodsoIcouldapplyandfurtherdevelopmychildcareskills.IwaspartneredwithMatthew,a10-year-oldwithcurlyblondhairandblueeyes.Hedidn’tlookdifferentfromotherkids,buthehaddifficultycontrollinghisemotions,especiallyanger.Hisbiggestproblemwasthathecouldn’tgotothetoilethimself.EverydayIhadtocleanuphismessifhepoopedinhispants.Itwasjustlikethe“goodolddays”withmylittlebrotherbeforeIsuccessfullytoilet-trainedhim.AlthoughIwasnevergoingtobeabletotoilet-trainMatthewIwasabletochangehislifeinanotherway.Wehadswimmingthreetimesaweek,butMatthewwashopelesslyafraidofthewater.Atfirst,Matthewjustsatonthestepsofthepoolanddidnothing.Ipushedhimslowlydownthestairsuntilhewasatlaststandingintheshallowestpartofthepool.Thenextday,Ipushedhimalittlefurtherintothewater.Bythethirdday,hecompletelytrustedmetotakehimintothepool.Maybemylargesizealsohelpedgivehimasenseofsecurity.Hedidnothavetobeafraidofanythingwhena200-poundguywasholdinghimtight.IfeltsoproudasIsawhimstandingthereinthepool,happilyplayingwithotherkidsinthewater.TheOSNFadultleaderstoldmethatIwastheonlyvolunteerwhohadbeenabletotakecareofMatthewwell.IthinkwhatmadethedifferenceisthebeliefIhadinMatthew,likehowIhadalwaysbelievedinmylittlebrother.HelpingMatthew“grow”toovercomehisfearofwatermademerealizethingsdonothappenovernight.Realmagicisaresultofpatience,andmiracleshappenwhenonebelievesinthem.34.Howdidtheauthorfeelabouttakingcareofhisbrother?A.Tired.B.Joyful.C.Proud.D.Stressed.35.TheauthorvolunteeredatOSNFbecausehewantedto________.A.useandimprovehischildcareskillsB.createafriendlyneighborhoodC.changethelivesofotherkidsD.getsomeworkexperience36.Withtheauthor’shelp,Matthewfinallycould________.A.controlhisemotionsB.playwithhisfriendsC.poopinthetoiletD.standinthepool37.Accordingtotheauthor,whatmatteredmostwhenhehelpedMatthew“grow”?A.Hislargesizeandstrongbody.B.Hisexperienceandknowledge.C.HispatienceandtrustinMatthew.D.Hiswillingnesstotakecareofhisbrother.【答案】34.B35.A36.D37.C【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述作者幫助Matthew成長的經(jīng)歷。作者認為他對Matthew的耐心和信任是最重要的?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Althoughittookgreatpatiencetodealwithasmallchild,Ifounddeepjoyinsomethingsosimpleaswatchinghimgrowdaybyday.”雖然照顧一個小孩需要很大的耐心，但看著他一天天長大這樣簡單的事情，卻讓我從中找到了深切的快樂。由此可知，作者覺得照顧他的弟弟是快樂的。故選B。【35題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“NotonlydoIenjoytakingcareofmylittlebrother,butIvolunteerwiththeSpecialNeedsFamilyOrganization(OSNF)inmycommunitysothatIcanapplyandfurtherdevelopmychildcareskills.”由此可知，作者在OSNF做志愿者，因為他想利用并提高自己的照顧孩子的技能。故選A?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Ipushedhimslowlydownthestairsuntilhewasatlaststandingintheshallowestpartofthepool.”我推著他慢慢地走下樓梯，直到他終于站在池塘最淺的地方。由此可知，在作者的幫助下，Matthew終于可以站在泳池里了。故選D。【37題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“HelpingMatthew“grow”toovercomehisfearofwatermademerealizethingsdonothappenovernight.Realmagicisaresultofpatience,andmiracleshappenwhenonebelievesinthem.”“幫助Matthew“成長”，克服他對水的恐懼，讓我意識到事情不是一蹴而就的。真正的魔法是耐心的結(jié)果，奇跡發(fā)生在相信它們的時候?！庇纱丝芍瑩?jù)作者說，當他幫助Matthew“成長”時，他對Matthew的耐心和信任是最重要的。故選C。CSocialNetworkingSites:AreTheyChangingHumanCommunication?ItishardlynewsthatpeopleareusingtheInternettocommunicatewithothersmoreandmore.Somepeoplefearthatsomedaywewillnolongerfeeltheneedtotalktooneanotherfacetoface.However,somerecentstudiessuggestthatpeoplecommunicate,orstayintouch,evenmorethantheyusedto.Whicheversideyoufallon,whatisclearandwithoutadoubtisthathumancommunicationhaschangedinthe21stcentury.Butresultsofrecentscientificstudiesmayhaveusreconsiderjusthowmuchournewcommunicationformshavechangedourworld.InJune2008,aBritishpsychiatrist,HimanshuTyagi,warnedthatcommunicatingonsocialnetworkingsitescouldhaveanegativeeffectonthegenerationofpeoplebornafter1990.ThisgenerationhasneverknownaworldwithouttheInternet.TyagisaysthatthesepeopleusetheInternettocommunicatewithotherssomuchthattheymayhavetroubleformingrealrelationships.TyagiisconcernedthatpeoplemaystartandendrelationshipsovertheInternet.DescribingtheInternethesaid,“It’saworldwhereeverythingmovesfastandchangesallthetime,whererelationshipsarequicklyendedattheclickofamouse.”Anotherpsychologist,Dr.AricSigman,warnedofthephysicaleffectsthatcomewithusingsocialnetworkingsites.Hesuggeststhatthereductionintheamountoftimewespendinteracting(互動交流)withpeoplefacetofacecouldhavebiologicaleffectsonthehumanbody.Theresultsofhisstudysuggestthat,withoutrealpersonalinteraction,thebodydoesnotreactthesamewayitwouldifpeopleweremeetingfacetoface.Asaresult,immuneresponses,evenhormonelevels,canbechanged.Thesechangesmayleadtothedevelopmentofillnesses,suchascancer.Despitethesewarnings,studiescanbefoundthatshowthepositivesidesofsocialnetworkingsites.Theresultsofonestudyshowthatusingsocialnetworkingsiteshasincreasedtheself-esteem(自尊心)ofyoungadults.Anothersuggeststhatcollegestudentsusingthesesitesfeelmore“connected”withpeoplewhentheyusethem.Inadditiontoscientificstudies,therearemanywhofeelthatthebenefitsofsocialnetworkingsitesoutweighthepossiblenegativesides.Manypeople,especiallythosewhospendalotoftimeathome,forvariousreasons,findtheInternetalifeline.Theyareabletocommunicatewithmanypeopleusingthesesites.Perhapsthekeytothisnewcommunicationstyleisself-controlandcommonsense.IfsomeonespendsallofhistimeontheInternet,andneveractuallyseesfriendsfacetoface,thatseemslikeanunhealthywaytolive.ButifsomeonespendstimeontheInternet,someofwhichisspentarrangingmeetingsfor“real”timetogether,thenitseemsalmostcomplementary(互補的).Balanceisthekeytokeepingcommunicationaliveandwellinthe21stcentury.38.WhichofthefollowingideasmayHimanshuTyagiagreewith?A.Socialnetworkingsitesharmpeopleofallages.B.TheInternetweakensyoungpeople’srelationships.C.TheuseoftheInternetimprovespeople’simmunesystem.D.Theonlineworldpushespeopletoliveafasterandbetterlife.39.WhatisDr.AricSigman’smajorconcernaboutusingsocialnetworkingsites?A.Itwillstoptheface-to-faceinteraction.B.Itreducestheself-esteemofyoungadults.C.Itmaycausesomeserioushealthproblems.DItmakespeoplefeellessconnectedwithothers.40.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“outweigh”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Aregreaterthan.B.Areheavierthan.C.Aremoreeffectivethan.D.Aremoredifficultthan.41.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?CP:CentralPointP:PointSp:Sub-point(次要點)C:ConclusionA.B.C.D.【答案】38.B39.C40.A41.D【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要說明了社交網(wǎng)站改變?nèi)祟悳贤ǚ绞降暮锰幒捅锥耍娬{(diào)了平衡兩者關(guān)系的重要性?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“TyagisaysthatthesepeopleusetheInternettocommunicatewithotherssomuchthattheymayhavetroubleformingrealrelationships.TyagiisconcernedthatpeoplemaystartandendrelationshipsovertheInternet.(Tyagi說，這些人使用Internet與他人進行交流太多，以至于他們可能難以建立真正的關(guān)系。Tyagi擔心人們可能會通過Internet建立和終止關(guān)系)”可知，HimanshuTyagi可能同意互聯(lián)網(wǎng)削弱了年輕人的關(guān)系這個觀點。故選B項?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Theresultsofhisstudysuggestthat,withoutrealpersonalinteraction,thebodydoesnotreactthesamewayitwouldifpeopleweremeetingfacetoface.Asaresult,immuneresponses,evenhormonelevels,canbechanged.Thesechangesmayleadtothedevelopmentofillnesses,suchascancer.(他的研究結(jié)果表明，如果沒有真正的個人互動，人體的反應就不會像人們面對面時那樣。結(jié)果可以改變免疫反應，甚至激素水平。這些變化可能導致疾病的發(fā)展，例如癌癥)”可知，Dr.AricSigman擔心的是使用社交網(wǎng)站可能會導致一些嚴重的健康問題。故選C項?！?0題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中“Despitethesewarnings,studiescanbefoundthatshowthepositivesidesofsocialnetworkingsites.Theresultsofonestudyshowthatusingsocialnetworkingsiteshasincreasedtheself-esteem(自尊心)ofyoungadults.Anothersuggeststhatcollegestudentsusingthesesitesfeelmore“connected”withpeoplewhentheyusethem.(盡管有這些壞處，但研究表明社交網(wǎng)站的積極方面。一項研究的結(jié)果表明，使用社交網(wǎng)站提高了年輕人的自尊心。另一個表明，使用這些網(wǎng)站的大學生在使用這些網(wǎng)站時會感覺與他們之間的聯(lián)系更多)”可知，此處表明使用社交網(wǎng)站的益處大于弊端。由此推知，劃線詞意為“超過”。故選A項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Butresultsofrecentscientificstudiesmayhaveusreconsiderjusthowmuchournewcommunicationformshavechangedourworld.(但是，最近科學研究的結(jié)果可能使我們重新考慮新的交流形式已經(jīng)改變了我們的世界)”是總述句也是文章的主旨句。第二段中“HimanshuTyagi,warnedthatcommunicatingonsocialnetworkingsitescouldhaveanegativeeffectonthegenerationofpeoplebornafter1990.(HimanshuTyagi警告說，在社交網(wǎng)站上進行交流可能會對1990年以后出生的人產(chǎn)生負面影響)”可知，這是分論點之一。第三段中“Hesuggeststhatthereductionintheamountoftimewespendinteracting(互動交流)withpeoplefacetofacecouldhavebiologicaleffectsonthehumanbody.(他表明減少我們與人面對面互動所花費的時間，可能會對人體產(chǎn)生生物上的影響)”是支持分論點一。結(jié)合“Despitethesewarnings,studiescanbefoundthatshowthepositivesidesofsocialnetworkingsites.(盡管有這些壞處，但研究表明社交網(wǎng)站的積極方面)”可知，這是分論點之二。同時，第四段中“Anothersuggeststhatcollegestudentsusingthesesitesfeelmore“connected”withpeoplewhentheyusethem.(另一個表明，使用這些網(wǎng)站的大學生在使用這些網(wǎng)站時會感覺與他們之間的聯(lián)系更多)”支持分論點二。根據(jù)最后一段中“ButifsomeonespendstimeontheInternet,someofwhichisspentarrangingmeetingsfor“real”timetogether,thenitseemsalmostcomplementary(互補的).Balanceisthekeytokeepingcommunicationaliveandwellinthe21stcentury.(但是，如果有人花時間在Internet上，其中一些花在安排面對面交流，那么似乎是可以互補的。尋求平衡是在21世紀保持溝通暢通無阻的關(guān)鍵因素)”可知，此句是對文章的總結(jié)。D項行文結(jié)構(gòu)符合文章行文脈絡。故選D項。DAttheheartofpsychologyisunderstandingbehavior,andunderstandingbehaviorhasmuchtodowithunderstandingthebrain.Neuroscientists(神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學家)havebecomemoreefficientatmappingthebrainandhavegainedmoreunderstandingofhowthebraindevelopsandworks.Truly,differencesinbehaviorasweageandbetweengenders,aremostlikelyexplainedbythephysicalstateofandchangesinourbrains.Aroundtheageof12,itisbelievedthattheareasofthebrainthatareusedmostwillbestrengthenedandcellsinthebrainthatarenotusedtendtodie.Whatyoudowithyourbraininyourteenyearsprobablydecideshowyourbrainwillworkfor