2023年英文實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告的格式和寫(xiě)法

英文實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告的格式和寫(xiě)法【轉(zhuǎn)】2023-10-0406:03一份最標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告的格式：Abstract2.Introduction3a.MethodResultsDiscussionConclusion.Referonce分別來(lái)分享下近來(lái)學(xué)到的。。Abstract財(cái)商要摘要，就是整篇文章摘出來(lái)的要。a強(qiáng)烈建議整篇文章寫(xiě)完后再寫(xiě)摘要。把文章每個(gè)部分選一些句子出來(lái)就可以拼湊成一個(gè)abstract了。a一個(gè)abstract的模板：b一兩句話說(shuō)明這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的重要理論依據(jù)，或者實(shí)驗(yàn)需要證明的假說(shuō)。"一兩句話說(shuō)一下這個(gè)理論或者假說(shuō)的相關(guān)的研究。為兩三句話描述一下實(shí)驗(yàn)4兩三句話概括一下實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果a5一句話說(shuō)一個(gè)結(jié)論，解釋一下這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的意義或結(jié)果的重要性A轉(zhuǎn)——個(gè)別人的example：ADoesachild,sfocuscorre1atewithbarometricpressure?ifso,doesitcorre1atepositive1yornegative1y?Tucker(1999)hypothesizedanegativecorre1ation,butthisassertionhasneverbeentcsted.OurteamusedtheMISHACPTtomcasurcthefocusofagroupof150third-gradestudents.wedividec!thestudentsintothreegroupsof50students.onegrouptooktheMISHACPTwhenbarometriepressurewas1ow,anothergrouptookitwhenbarometricpressurewasneutra1,andthefinalgrouptookitwhenbarometricpressurewashigh.theresu1tsfoundthatchi1drenfoeusedsignificantlybetterwhenbarometricpressurewaslowthanwhenbarometricpressurewasneutralorhigh.theresuitssuggestthatwhendiagnosingADHD,practitionersshouldgivetheCPTwhenbarometricpressureisneutra1.IntroductionIntroduction以實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康臑殚_(kāi)頭，解釋一下這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)需要證明的東西。具體實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康囊暼獙?shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告長(zhǎng)度而定，幾段到幾頁(yè)都有的。④實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康膶?xiě)完后介紹實(shí)驗(yàn)基本理論。介紹一下前人或者文獻(xiàn)里的相近相關(guān)的實(shí)驗(yàn)，寫(xiě)一下他們的成果以及不到位的地方。(well,假如是學(xué)校安排的每年都要做的實(shí)驗(yàn)就寫(xiě)寫(xiě)類似相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)的優(yōu)劣吧),這部分注意寫(xiě)referenceQ然后介紹一下實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程。假如實(shí)驗(yàn)用了一些非常見(jiàn)的儀器，也可以在這個(gè)部分做一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)要介紹。g再轉(zhuǎn)一

篇我認(rèn)為寫(xiě)得很好的IntroductionexamploAlntroductiodaInthislab,weexplorethetheoryofoptimalforagingandthetheoryofcentralplaceforagingusingbeaversasthemodelanimal.ForagingreferstothemammalianbohaviorassocTheoptima1foragingawaythatmaximizesunittime(Pykeetal.

itsdailyenergyintakiatedwithsearchingforfood.theoryassumesthatanimalsfeedintheirnetrateofenergyintakeper1977).Ananima1mayeithermaximizee(energymaximizer)orTheoptima1foragingawaythatmaximizesunittime(Pykeetal.

itsdailyenergyintake(energymaximizer)ore(energymaximizer)orminimizethetimespentfeeding(timeminimizer)inordertomeetminimumrequiremee(energymaximizer)orasencrgymaximizersthismaximizingbehaviornts.Herbivorescommonlybehave(Belovsky1986)andaccomp1ishbychoosingfood

chandlow-hand1

ra1placetheoryis

foodandstoreasencrgymaximizersthismaximizingbehaviorbychoosingfood

chandlow-hand1

ra1placetheoryis

foodandstorebychoosingfood

chandlow-hand1

ra1placetheoryis

foodandstorethatisofhighqualityandhasingtime

usedto

itinaange,thecentra1placeassociatedwiththeoptima11ow-sear(Pykeetal.1977).々Thecentbychoosingfood

chandlow-hand1

ra1placetheoryis

foodandstorethatisofhighqualityandhasingtime

usedto

itinaange,thecentra1placeassociatedwiththeoptima11ow-sear(Pykeetal.1977).々Thecentdescribeanima1sfixedlocationin(Jenkins1980).foragingtheoryathatcollecttheirhomerThefactors1soapplytothecentralplacetheory.thatretrievalcostseoftheresourcefromthe

bell1987).CentralplaceSincebeaversaBelovsky1984)Whitam1985),theymakeanagingtheory.eousplantsas

mostspeciesofexce1lenttestanimalBeaverseatseveralwellasthe1eaves,woodyp1antsthatfortheoptimalforkindsofherbactwigs,andbarkofgrownearwater(Jthecentralplacetheory.thatretrievalcostseoftheresourcefromthe

bell1987).CentralplaceSincebeaversaBelovsky1984)Whitam1985),theymakeanagingtheory.eousplantsas

mostspeciesofexce1lenttestanimalBeaverseatseveralwellasthe1eaves,woodyp1antsthatfortheoptimalforkindsofherbactwigs,andbarkofgrownearwater(JThThecentra1placetheorypredictsinerease1inearlywithdistancThcentra1p1ace(RockwooclandHubfeedersareveryse1ectivewhenchoosingfoodthatisfarfromthecentralplacesincetheyhavetospendtimeandenergyhau1ingitbacktothestoragesite(Schoener1979).Mhemainobjectiveofthislabwastodeterminebeaver(Castorcanadensis)foodselectionbasedontreespecies,size,anddistance,reenergymaximizers(Jenkins1980,andcentralplacefeeders(McGinleyandenkinsandBusher1979).Byexaminingthetreesthatarechewedornot-chewedinthebeavers'homerange,anaccurateassessmentoffoodpreferencesamongtreespeciesmaybegained(Jenkins1975).Thepurposeofthislabwastolearnabouttheoptimalforagingtheory.Wewantedtoknowifbeaversputtheoptimalforagingtheoryintoactionwhenselectingfood.^Wehypothesizedthatthebeaversinthisstudywillchoosetreesthataresmallincireumferenceandclosesttothewater.Sincetignificant1showaignificant1showaignificant1showaheenergyyie1doftreespeciesmayvaryy,wealsohypothesizedthatbeaverswi11

preferenceforsomcspcciesoftreesoverothersregard!eignificant1showassofcircumferencesizeordistancefromthecentraarea.Theoptimalforagingtheoryandcentra1placetheoryleadustopredictthatbeavers,1ikemostherbivores,wi11maximizetheirnetrateofenergyintakeperunittime.Inordertomaximizeenergy,beaverswi11choosetreesthatarec1osesttotheircentra1place(thewater)andrequirethe1eastretrievalcost.Sineebeaversaretryingtomaximizeenergy,wehypothesizedthattheywilltendtoselectsomespeciesoftreesoverothersonthebasisofnutritiona1value.Methods這部分通常涉及Maleria1和Procedure兩個(gè)部分。^Materia1:具體的寫(xiě)出實(shí)驗(yàn)用至IJ的材料，設(shè)備，器材。像下面這樣是不夠詳盡的：Chromatography」ightbu1bsComputer會(huì)比較一下下面的：LC-1OAVPPlusHigh-perfonnanceliquidchromatography24incandesccnt60W1ightbulbsarrangedina6*4rectangularmatrix(SeeFigure2)ADellPrecisionT7500(XeonX55502.66GHz,6GBRAM,64bitWindows7Professional)④此外，假如實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象中有人的話，介紹人數(shù)，群體背景。用Subjects來(lái)稱呼。比如Subjects-^Wetested150third-gradestudentschosenatrandomfromapoo1of346applicantsfromeightLondonpub1icandprivateair1ywidearticipateertificateandprivateair1ywidearticipateertificateProcedure具體寫(xiě)出每一步環(huán)節(jié)。不要虛構(gòu)抱負(fù)化實(shí)驗(yàn)，不要夸大某個(gè)過(guò)程如實(shí)敘述即可。假如環(huán)節(jié)比較多就用數(shù)字標(biāo)出每一步。Aexample：AThetestperformedonthepotentiometerwasaccomplishedbywindingastringaroundthepotentiometershaft,attachingamasstothestring,andlettingthemassfall.Thechangeinresistanceofthepotentiometerwithtimeindicatedtheaccelerationofthemass.InthisexperimentitwasassumedthattheconstantCoulombfrictiontorquewastheonlyfrictionaffectingthepotentiometer.Ifthisassumptionweretrue,thefrictionforeefromthetorquewouIdbeFf=T/r(whereTisthetorqueandristheradiusofthepotentiometer'sshaft).Likewise,thegravityforcewou1dbeFg=mg(wheremisthemasstiedtothestringandgisthegravitationalacccleration).AforcebalancethengivesT=mr(g-a),whereaistheacce1erationofthemass.Iftheassumptionho1dsthattheonlyfrictionaffectingthepotentiometerwasconstantCoulombfriction,theneachmasswou1dundergoaconstantacceleration.Thepotentiometermeasuredvo1tageversustimeforthemassesastheydropped,butthemeasurementofinteresttouswaspositionversustime.Forthatreason,a'calibration'waspcrformedbeforcwemeasuredanydata.Inthecalibration,thepotentiometer,sinitialvoltagewasmeasured.Thenthestringwaspu11edasetdistance(2inches),andthevo1tagewasrecorded.Thisprocessofpullingthestringasetdistanceandrecordingthevoltagecontinuedanothertwotimes(seeAppendixAfortheresults).Todeterminetherelationshipbetweenvo1tageandposition,thedifferencesinthevoltageswereaveragedanddividedbythelength.TheresuItingrelationshipwas0.9661volts/inch.ivedifferentmasseswereusedtotesttheassumptionofconstantacceleration.Foreachmass,thestringwasrolledupontheshaft,theoscilloscopewastriggered,andtheshaftwasre1easecl.Aseachmassdropped,theosci1loscopeco1lectedthepotentiometer,svoltageversusthetime.Afterobtainingplotsforeachmass,weusedthevo1tage-positionrelationship,mentionedabove,toconvertthedatafromtheformvotageversustimetotheformpositionversustimesquared.TheresiduaIsofthedatadeterminedwhethertheassumptionofconstantaccelerationwasvalid.Resu1ta實(shí)驗(yàn)的數(shù)據(jù)，公式，圖表，計(jì)算過(guò)程，用一種對(duì)讀者最和諧的形式展示出來(lái)。實(shí)驗(yàn)的原始數(shù)據(jù)通常都是放在附錄的，這里都是放解決過(guò)的數(shù)據(jù)。A假如有大量的計(jì)算，至少要列出其中一個(gè)samp1ecalculation.aRcsu1ts部分的開(kāi)頭最佳反復(fù)一下實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?。a假如結(jié)果很多，最佳提成不同的section^examp1e：aResultsX)vera11,beaversshowedaprefereneeforcertainspeciesoftrees,andtheirpreferencewasbasedondistancefromthecentralplace.Measurementstakenatthestudysiteshowthatbeaversavoidedoaksandmusclewood(Fig.1)andshowasignificantfoodpreference(x2=447.26,d.f.=9,P<.05).Noavoidanceorparticularpreferencewasobservedfortheothertreespecies.Themeandistanceof8.42mawayfromthewaterfornot-chewedtreeswassignificantlygrcatcrthanthemeandistanccof6.13mforchewedtrees(t=3.49,d.f.=268,P<.05)(Fig.).Thetreespeciesthatwereavoidedwerenotsignificantiyfartherfromthewater(t=.4277,d.f.=268,P>.05)thanselectedtrees.Fortheselectedtreespecies,nosignificantdifferenceincircumferencewasfoundbetweentreesthatwerenotchewed(mean=16.03cm)andchewed(mean=12.80cm)(t=l.52,d.f.=268,P>.05)(Fig.3).Discussions對(duì)于results中描述的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),在這個(gè)部分中進(jìn)一步詮釋，解釋每個(gè)結(jié)果的含義，為后面conclusion做準(zhǔn)備。discussions的開(kāi)頭把實(shí)驗(yàn)的理論或者假說(shuō)反復(fù)一遍，然后說(shuō)明其中一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)1Theexperiment'sresuItsprove(recommend)thetheory(hypothesis).TheexperimentJsresultsdisprovethetheory(hypothesis).Theexperiment'sresuItswereincone1usive.④然后幾個(gè)方面說(shuō)明這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)AWhatresultsconfirmtheopinioMistherereasonabledoubtforyouropinion?anypossib1ef1awsintheexperimentaldesignorho1esintheresults?howdoyourresultscomparewithsimi1arexperiments,whymightyourresultsdiffer.Examp1e:Ourteamattemptedtodeterminewhetherbarometricpressureinf1uenceschi1dren*sabilitytofocus.inparticular,wetestedTucker's(1999)hypothesis,whichstatesthatchildren,sfocuscorre1atesnegativelywithbarometricpressure.Theresu1tshowpartia1supportforTuckeshypothesis.Inparticular,childrenfocussignificantlybetterwhenthebarometricpressureislowthantheydowhenthebarometricpressureisneutralorhigh,however,childrenfocusedonlysiight1yworseduringhighpressurethannormalpressure.theunusua1lyhighstandarddeviationonthehigh-pressureday(Thursday)suggeststhathighbarometricpressuremightaffectsomechiIdrengreatl