綜合教程unit 1 語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)

Unit1ManintherealmofnatureLanguagepointsrealm:n.acountryruledoverbyakingorqueen;ageneralareaofknowledge,activity,orthoughtDetailedReading_t1_realmThekinghadtocallrepresentativesofdifferentclassesoftherealm

intoconsultationuponthenationaleconomiccrisis.Themoviehasbroughtchildrentoarealmofimagination.影片將孩子們帶入了幻想的王國(guó)。publicrealm公眾領(lǐng)域withintherealmsofpossibility有可能的Collocations:Healwaysprojectsanimageofsuccessinpublicrealm.他總是以成功人士的形象出現(xiàn)在公眾面前。Itwasactuallywithintherealmsofpossibility.這是完全有可能的。interact:vi.ifpeopleorthingsinteractwitheachother,theyaffecteachotherDetailedReading_t1_interactLucyinteractswellwithotherchildrenintheclass.所有事物都是互相聯(lián)系又互相作用的。Allthingsareinterrelatedandinteractwitheachother.transform:vt.DetailedReading_t1_transform1tocompletelychangetheappearance,form,orcharacterofsomethingorsomeone,especiallyinawaythatimprovesitIncreasedpopulationhastransformedthelandscape.這部戲幾乎在一夜之間把她從一個(gè)不為人知的校園女生變成了演藝巨星。Theplaytransformedheralmostovernightfromanunknownschoolgirlintoamegastar.DetailedReading_t1_transform2這些動(dòng)詞均有“變化，改變”之意。指任何變化，完全改變，強(qiáng)調(diào)與原先的情況有明顯的不同。指進(jìn)行全部或局部改變以適應(yīng)新的功能或用途。指信仰或態(tài)度時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)較激烈、大的改變。指人或物在形狀、外觀、形式、性質(zhì)等方面發(fā)生的徹底變化，失去原狀成為全新的東西。1.Inordertotheirenvironment,hedrewuptheproject.2.Carbondioxidecanbeintooxygenthroughtheagencyofplant.3.Whydotheleavesontreescolourinautumn?4.Healwaysattemptstootherstoaparticulardoctrineorbelief.Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.change_________transform____________converted____________convert________CF:change,convert&transformchangetransformconvertconvert:v.DetailedReading_t1_converttochangesomethingintoadifferentformofthing,ortochangesomethingsothatitcanbeusedforadifferentpurposeorinadifferentwayTheyconvertedthesparebedroomintoanoffice.他成功地讓我接受了他的觀點(diǎn)。Hesucceededinconvertingmetohispointofview.Intheprocess,thelightenergyconvertstoheatenergy.subdue:vt.DetailedReading_t1_subduegaincontrolof,esp.bydefeatingForacenturywelabouredtosettleandtosubduethecontinent.警方設(shè)法制服了憤怒的人群。Policemanagedtosubduetheangrycrowd.該詞的過(guò)去分詞subdued可作形容詞，意為“柔和的，減弱的，無(wú)精打采的”。例如：NB:Inthebar,thereissubduedlightandsoftmusic.Richardseemsverysubduedtonight.discipline:DetailedReading_t1_discipline11.vt.trainordevelop,esp.inobedienceandself-controlDiscipliningchildrentakespatienceandconsistency.不同文化中對(duì)于孩子的訓(xùn)導(dǎo)方式是不一樣的。Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysofdiscipliningtheirchildren.2.n.1)awayoftrainingsomeonesothattheylearntocontroltheirbehaviourandobeyrulesThebookgivesparentsadviceondiscipline.DetailedReading_t1_discipline22)anareaofknowledgeorteachingTheinformationthathasevolvedinonedisciplinemaypermitexcitingadvancementinanother.她對(duì)營(yíng)銷這門學(xué)科的實(shí)踐知識(shí)和強(qiáng)烈的求知欲給我留下了深刻的印象。Iwasgreatlyimpressedbyherpracticalknowledgeofthedisciplineofmarketingandherstrongdesiretolearnmore.disciplineproblem 紀(jì)律問(wèn)題disciplineoneself 自律instilldisciplineintosb.灌輸紀(jì)律觀念Collocationscompel:vt.DetailedReading_t1_compel1make(apersonorthing)dosth.,byforce,moralpersuasion,orordersthatmustbeobeyedOurmindsaresoconstructedthattheycompelustoviewtheexternalworldinonlyoneway.法律要求雇主必須提供健康保險(xiǎn)。Thelawcompelsemployerstoprovidehealthinsurance.這些動(dòng)詞均含“迫使”之意。指在法律、權(quán)力、力量或行動(dòng)等的驅(qū)使下被迫而為。例如:Aparentmaycompelhischildtodohislessonsbythreateningtosuspendhisallowance.家長(zhǎng)可能會(huì)采用威脅暫停津貼的辦法迫使其子女學(xué)習(xí)。CF:compel,force&oblige

compelDetailedReading_t1_compel2指用個(gè)人意志、權(quán)力、權(quán)威或暴力等，迫使他人改變看法或做本不愿做的事。例如:

指由于生理或道德上的需要，促使某人做某事，也指有權(quán)威的人或機(jī)構(gòu)迫使某人做某事，還可指在特定情況下被迫作出的反應(yīng)。例如:Governmenttroopshaveforcedtherebelstosurrender.政府軍已經(jīng)迫使叛亂者投降。Circumstanceshadobligedhimtosellthebusiness.形勢(shì)逼迫他賣掉公司。forceobligetransfer:DetailedReading_t1_transfer1.v.movefromoneplace,job,position,etc.,toanotherMichaeltransferredfromCompany6totheSecurityService.Mostofthebillsarepaidbyelectronictransfer.2.n.權(quán)力的移交迅速而又和平地得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。Thetransferofpowerwaseffectedswiftlyandpeacefully.infearof:inastateoffearaboutDetailedReading_t2_infearofOrdinarypeoplelivedinfearofbeingarrestedbythesecretpolice.他們生活在不斷的饑餓恐懼中。Theyliveincontinualfearofstarvation.attain:vt.tosucceedinachievingsomethingaftertryingforalongtimeDetailedReading_t2_attainMorewomenareattainingpositionsofpowerinpubliclife.他們最后一定能獲得解放。They’resuretoattainemancipationintheend.hostile:a.

DetailedReading_t2_hostileshowingextremedislikeordisapproval;unfriendlySenatorLydonwashostiletoourproposals.工程進(jìn)展得很慢，因?yàn)椴簧賹W(xué)者對(duì)普通人持?jǐn)硨?duì)態(tài)度。Theprojectproceededslowlybecausemanyscholarswerehostiletothecommonpeople.retreat:vi.DetailedReading_t2_retreat1movebackorleaveacenteroffightingorotheractivity,esp.whenforcedtodosoPerrylitthefuseandretreatedtoasafedistance.從公眾生活中隱退是不明智的。Itwasnotasensiblechoicetoretreatfrompubliclife.這些動(dòng)詞均含“退下，退卻”之意。指從公開(kāi)或公共場(chǎng)合退下到私下場(chǎng)所，也指被免除職務(wù)或自動(dòng)辭職、退役等。例如:Iretiredfromteachingthreeyearsago.三年前我就不再教書了。CF:retire,retreat&withdrawretireDetailedReading_t2_retreat2含消極意味，多指被迫采取退下或退卻的行動(dòng)。強(qiáng)調(diào)因某種原因而有意離開(kāi)，常含禮貌、謙恭等理由。也指軍隊(duì)的撤退。Theenemywasforcedtoretreat.敵軍被迫撤退了。Asthetroopswithdraw,theentirecitycelebratedtheliberation.部隊(duì)撤退時(shí),整個(gè)城市歡慶解放。retreatwithdrawconcerned:a.DetailedReading_t3_concernedaffectedbysomethingorworriedaboutit;believingsomethingisimportantAllthepeoplepresentareconcernedwithchildren’seducation.很多政客更關(guān)注的是權(quán)力和控制而不是人民的利益。Manypoliticiansaremoreconcernedwithpowerandcontrolthanwiththegoodofthepeople.concernedwith 關(guān)注，關(guān)心；與……相關(guān)concernedabout/for 擔(dān)心，關(guān)愛(ài)concernedtodosth. 專注于做某事asfaras…isconcerned就……而言Collocations:ominous:a.DetailedReading_t3_ominousmakingyoufeelthatsomethingbadisgoingtohappenThecarismakinganominousrattlingsound.不祥的黑云預(yù)示著雷暴的到來(lái)。Theominousblackcloudspredictedthecomingthunderstorm.acute:a.DetailedReading_t3_acutesevere;verygreatThehousingshortageismoreacutethanfirstthought.一顆蛀牙可以引起強(qiáng)烈的疼痛。Abadtoothcancauseacutepain.acutedisease

急性病acuteanxiety

急劇焦慮acuteshortage

嚴(yán)重短缺acutesense

敏銳的感覺(jué)acutemind 機(jī)智的頭腦Collocations:substance:n.amaterial;typeofmatterDetailedReading_t3_substanceTheleaveswerecoveredwithastrangestickysubstance.大氣中的有害物質(zhì)威脅著人們的健康。Harmfulsubstancesintheatmospherearethreateningpeople’plex:DetailedReading_t3_complex11.a.consistingofmanydifferentpartsandoftendifficulttounderstandAcomplexhighwaysystemistobeestablishedinordertoenhancethenationaltransportation.隨著我們的工業(yè)和社會(huì)環(huán)境變得更加錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜,供電可靠性方面的要求也與日俱增。Thedemandsforreliabilityofpowersupplyincreasedailyasourindustrialandsocialenvironmentbecomesmorecomplex.Theyliveinathree-storyapartmentcomplex.2.n.agroupofbuildings,oralargebuildingwithmanyparts,usedforaparticularpurposeDetailedReading_t3_complex2這些形容詞均含“復(fù)雜的”意思。強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)在關(guān)系的復(fù)雜，需通過(guò)仔細(xì)研究與了解才能掌握和運(yùn)用。與complex的含義接近，但語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)，著重極其復(fù)雜，很難分析、分辨或解釋。強(qiáng)調(diào)事物達(dá)到高級(jí)的程度所體現(xiàn)出的復(fù)雜性。著重指錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜，令人迷惑不解。1.Peterseemedtohaveagoodunderstandingofthemostissues.2.Joanshowsmethehighlycomputersoftware.3.Mentalillnessisaverysubject.4.Theplotofthenovelisandfascinating.5.Thehigherthelevelofcompetition,themorethetimingsystems.Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Cplicated___________complex/complicated__________________sophisticated___________intricate_______CF:complex,complicated,sophisticated&intricatesophisticated___________complexcomplicatedsophisticatedintricatedistinguish:v.

DetailedReading_t4_distinguishmakessomeoneorsomethingdifferentorspecialThefactorthatdistinguishesthiscompanyfromthecompetitioniscustomerservice.他們找到了一種方法將癌細(xì)胞從正常組織中區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。Theyhavefoundamethodofdistinguishingcancercellsfromnormaltissue.Hisattorneyarguedthathecouldnotdistinguishbetweenrightandwrong.synthetic:a.DetailedReading_t4_syntheticproducedbysynthesizing;notnaturallyproduced;artificialAmongthesyntheticfibresusedinfurnishingfabricsarenylon,polyesterandacrylic.我們已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了從自然界提取原材料創(chuàng)造新的合成材料。Wehavelearnedtoextractrawmaterialsfromnaturetocreatenewsyntheticmaterials.glitter:vi.DetailedReading_t4_glittershinebrightlywithflashingpointsoflightTheriverglitteredinthesunlight.晨露在陽(yáng)光下閃爍。Themorningdewsglitterinthesun.這些動(dòng)詞都有“閃光，閃爍，閃亮”之意指突然發(fā)出隨即消失的閃光，如閃電的光。例如：指透過(guò)間隔物或映襯于較暗背景上的微弱光線。例如：

指連續(xù)發(fā)出的閃爍不定的光。例如：Lightningflashedoverhead.閃電在頭頂閃光。Daywasbythistimeapproaching,thewestwasdim,theeastbeginningtogleam.這時(shí)，白晝逐漸到來(lái)，西面一片朦朧，東邊開(kāi)始熠熠發(fā)光。CF:flash,gleam&glitterflashglitterHisblueeyesglitteredwithanger.他的藍(lán)眼睛閃爍著憤怒的光芒。gleamcycle:DetailedReading_t4_cycle1.n.anumberofrelatedeventshappeninginaregularlyrepeatedorderSometimestheonlywaytobreakthecycleofviolenceinthehomeisforthewifetoleave.水通過(guò)機(jī)器循環(huán)再利用。Tbybicycle;gothroughaseriesofrelatedeventsagainandagainHecyclestoworkeveryday.breakthecycle 打破循環(huán)cyclingtour 騎車環(huán)游cyclelane/path/route 自行車道lifecycle

生命周期Collocations:asyet:DetailedReading_t5_asyetuntilnowThemeetingwillbeheldonanasyetundecideddate.We’vehadnowordfromColinasyet.我們到現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有科林的消息。theme:n.DetailedReading_t5_theme1themainsubjectorideainapieceofwriting,speech,film,etcThebook'sthemeistheconflictbetweenloveandduty.林奇的大部分畫作是關(guān)于同一主題的不同變體。MostofLynch’spictureswerevariationsonthesametheme.