【課件】英語概要寫作（Summary Writing）

SummaryWritingBytheendofthisperiod,youwillbeableto:1.beclearabout

thestepsofwritingasummary;2.know

howtogetthetopicsentence;3.write

asummarybyusingsometechniques.《普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語科考試說明》概要寫作：提供一篇350詞以內的短文，要求考生基于該短文寫出一篇60詞左右的內容概要。（滿分25分）評分標準第五檔（21-25分）1.理解準確，涵蓋所有要點2.

準確使用相應的語法結構和詞3.有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，結構緊湊4.完全使用自己的語言寫作步驟

1.Readfortopicandstructure2.Combinetopicsentenceandkeywords3.Rewrite/paraphrase

1ReadforTopicandStructure

Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments-mostlyforentertainmentpurposes-isfairandrespectful?Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.However,mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalbones.Zoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies,butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals’naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages,andmostsignsonlymentionthespecies’name,diet,andnaturalrange.Theanimals’normalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon’tusuallytakecareoftheanimals’naturalneeds.Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.Thisresultsinunusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled

zoochosis.

Aworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthat

zoochosis

iscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain.Furthermore,mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Captivebreedingofendangeredbigcats,Asianelephants,andotherspecieshasnotresultedntheirbeingsentbacktothewild.Zoostalkalotabouttheircaptivebreedingprogramsbecausetheydonotwantpeopletoworryaboutaspeciesdyingout.Infact,babyanimalsalsoattractalotofpayingcustomers.Haven’tweseenenoughcompetitionstonamebabyanimals?Actually,wewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatsandputanendtothereasonspeoplekillthem.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals’naturalhabitats.

ReadforTopicandStructure

2ReadforTopicSentenceandKeyWords

Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments---mostlyforentertainmentpurposes---isfairandrespectful?①Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.②However,mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.③Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalhomes.

ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.1&2?

Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments---mostlyforentertainmentpurposes---isfairandrespectful?①Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.②However,mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.③Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalhomes.

ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.1&2提出問題

導入?動物園觀點事實說明

Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments---mostlyforentertainmentpurposes---isfairandrespectful?①Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.②However,mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.③Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalhomes.

ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.1&2?動物園觀點

主題句事實說明

Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments---mostlyforentertainmentpurposes---isfairandrespectful?

①Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.

②However,

mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.③Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalhomes.

ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWords?Para.1&2作者觀點

Keepinganimals..............................................isunfairbecause

①Zoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies,butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.②Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages,andmostsignsonlymentionthespecies'name,diet,andnaturalrange.③Theanimals'normalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon'tusuallytakecareoftheanimals'naturalneeds.

ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.3

①Zoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies,but

visitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.②Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages,andmostsignsonlymentionthespecies'name,diet,andnaturalrange.③Theanimals'normalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon'tusuallytakecareoftheanimals'naturalneeds.

ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.3?分析原因

①Zoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies,butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.

②Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages,andmostsignsonlymentionthespecies'name,diet,andnaturalrange.③Theanimals'normalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon'tusuallytakecareoftheanimals'naturalneeds.

ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.3

主題句

①Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.②Thisresultsinunusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled

zoochosis.

③Aworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthat

zoochosis

iscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.④Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain.ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.4

①Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.

②Thisresultsinunusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled

zoochosis.

③Aworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthat

zoochosis

iscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.④Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain.ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.4事實論證

①Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.②Thisresultsinunusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled

zoochosis.

③Aworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthat

zoochosis

iscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.④Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain.ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.4事實論證

主題句主題句的標志1.首段出現疑問句，對此問題的解答通常是主旨

2.

段落中出現轉折，該句很可能是主題句3.具體實例之前通常是主旨4.

下列詞之后通常是主旨:

however,but,yet,anyhow,therefore,so,thus,allinall,what'smore,furthermore,actually,insteadof......5.下列詞之前通常是主旨:

forexample,first,second......

①Furthermore,mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.②Captivebreedingofendangeredbigcats,Asianelephants,andotherspecieshasnotresultedintheirbeingsentbacktothewild.③Zoostalkalotabouttheircaptivebreedingprogramsbecausetheydonotwantpeopletoworryaboutaspeciesdyingout.④Infact,babyanimalsalsoattractalotofpayingcustomers.⑤Haven'tweseenenoughcompetitionstonamebabyanimals?ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.5

主題句補充解釋

①Actually,wewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatsandputanendtothereasonspeoplekillthem.②Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals'naturalhabitats.ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.6

主題句

Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments-mostlyforentertainmentpurposes-isfairandrespectful?Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.However,mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalbones.Zoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies,butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages,andmostsignsonlymentionthespecies'name,diet,andnaturalrange.Theanimals'normalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon'tusuallytakecareoftheanimals’naturalneeds.Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.Thisresultsinunusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled

zoochosis.

Aworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthat

zoochosis

iscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain.Furthermore,mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Captivebreedingofendangeredbigcats,Asianelephants,andotherspecieshasnotresultedntheirbeingsentbacktothewild.Zoostalkalotabouttheircaptivebreedingprogramsbecausetheydonotwantpeopletoworryaboutaspeciesdyingout.Infact,babyanimalsalsoattractalotofpayingcustomers.Haven’tweseenenoughcompetitionstonamebabyanimals?Actually,wewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatsandputanendtothereasonspeoplekillthem.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals’naturalhabitats.

ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWords

?however......but............,Furthermore......Insteadof......

Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments-mostlyforentertainmentpurposes-isfairandrespectful?Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.However,mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalbones.Zoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies,butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals’naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages,andmostsignsonlymentionthespecies’name,diet,andnaturalrange.Theanimals’normalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon’tusuallytakecareoftheanimals’naturalneeds.Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.Thisresultsinunusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled

zoochosis.

Aworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthat

zoochosis

iscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain.Furthermore,mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Captivebreedingofendangeredbigcats,Asianelephants,andotherspecieshasnotresultedntheirbeingsentbacktothewild.Zoostalkalotabouttheircaptivebreedingprogramsbecausetheydonotwantpeopletoworryaboutaspeciesdyingout.Infact,babyanimalsalsoattractalotofpayingcustomers.Haven’tweseenenoughcompetitionstonamebabyanimals?Actually,wewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatsandputanendtothereasonspeoplekillthem.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals’naturalhabitats.

ReadforTopicandStructure

P1P2P3P4P6P5議論文寫作模板論點論據結論3Rewrite/Paraphrase理解準確，涵蓋所有要點有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，結構緊湊完全使用自己的語言準確使用相應的語法結構和詞匯理解準確，涵蓋所有要點對應評分標準高度概況（找出主題句）刪除細節(jié)同義替換句式運用(非謂語動詞，省略，主動與被動，倒裝）巧妙的銜接詞概要寫作高分技能詞詞替換：包括同義詞、近義詞、反義詞轉換詞性：指用同一個單詞的不同形式，詞形不同，意思一樣短語與短語替換同義替換Para1&2.

Keepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments...isfair

and

respectful?.......mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting

“things”

ratherthanprotectivehabitats.Para3.Visitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningful

abouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Para4.Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,.......Thisresultsin

unusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled

zoochosis.Para5.Mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Para6.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals'naturalhabitats.詞詞替換---同義詞、近義詞、反義詞unfairsignificantabnormaldyingoutorganizationsthatanimalsdisrespectfulPara1&2.

Keepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments...isfairandrespectful?.......mostzoosremain“collections”

ofinteresting

“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.Para3.Visitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningful

abouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Para4.Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,.......Thisresultsin

unusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled

zoochosis.Para5.Mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Para6.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals'naturalhabitats.轉換詞性---詞形不同，意思一樣unfairsignificantabnormaldyingoutorganizationsthat

collectdestroy

destruction

disrespectfulanimalsdoharmtocausedestruction/damagetodamage/harm/hurt

(vt.)Para1&2.

Keepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments...isfairandrespectful?.......mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting

“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.Para3.Visitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanything

meaningful

abouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Para4.Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,.......Thisresultsin

unusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled

zoochosis.Para5.Mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Para6.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals'naturalhabitats.短語與短語替換unfairsignificantabnormaldyingoutorganizationsthat

collectdestroy

destruction

inzoos

Theyfailedtolearnsomething

causeTheydestroythemselves.Theycausedestruction/damagetothemselves.animalsdisrespectfulleadtoTheydoharmtothemselves.Theyhaven'tincreasedtheirknowledge

改變句子結構，運用不同的句式來表達與原句相同的句意。常用的策略有：改變語態(tài)，簡單句變復合句，從句變分詞，省略，倒裝句式運用Para1&2.

Keepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments...isfairandrespectful?.......mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting

“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.P3.Visitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanything

meaningful

abouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.P4.Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,.......Thisresultsin

unusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled

zoochosis.P5.Mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.P6.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals'naturalhabitats.Paraphrase---句式運用unfairabnormaldyingoutorganizationsthat

collect

inzoos

leadtoTheydestroythemselves.animals1.

becausemostzoosonlycollectinterestinganimalsbutdon'tprotectthem.

2.

animalsinzoosbecausemostzoosonlycollectinterestinganimalsbutdon'tprotectthem.disrespectful

it作形式主語doing

作主語Keepinganimalsinzoosisunfair

Itisunfairtokeep

Para3.Visitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanything

meaningful

abouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Para4.Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,.......Thisresultsin

unusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled

zoochosis.Para5.Mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Para6.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals'naturalhabitats.Paraphrase---句式運用significantabnormaldyingoutorganizationsthatdestroy

destruction

Theyfailedtolearnsomething

leadtoTheydestroythemselves.Theycausedestruction/damagetothemselves.Para3.

Visitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanything

meaningful

abouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Paraphrase---句式運用Theyfailedtolearnsomething

1.

,theyfailedtolearns