閱讀題型突破之詞義猜測(cè)課件【知識(shí)建構(gòu)+精準(zhǔn)突破】高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

WordGuessing詞義猜測(cè)Icannotaffordtomissthislesson！Ifyoucomeacrossnewwordswhenreading,whatwillyoudo?

LookthemupinthedictionaryIgnore/skipthemandcontinuereadingGuessthemeaningDiligentThumbupSelectivelyblindLucymarriedamanwhoownsabigcompanyandhasmillionsofdollars.Heisreallyafatcat.What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedphrase?AwealthymanAmanwithmuchfortuneWarming-upI

am

the

wealthy

cat!Peterisverylazyandheneverdoeshishomework.Hecangotoauniversitywhenpigsfly.Accordingtothepassage,“whenpigsfly”means__________.impossible

Warming-upNowayOutofthequestionAbsolutelyimpossible!5詞義猜測(cè)題主要是測(cè)試考生利用上下文判斷單詞、短語(yǔ)或句子在特定語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中確切含義的能力，以及it，they，them等判斷指代內(nèi)容，做此類題目，考生要學(xué)會(huì)“順藤摸瓜”，“上下取證”，通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法，語(yǔ)法邏輯、經(jīng)驗(yàn)、常識(shí)、上下文等線索來(lái)確定詞義?？键c(diǎn)詮釋詞義猜測(cè)題常用的提問(wèn)方式有：

1．Theunderlinedword/phrase“________”inthethirdparagraphmeans________.

2．Theunderlinedword“________”inthesecondparagraphcanbereplacedby________.

3．Whichofthefollowingisclosesttothemeaningoftheunderlinedword“________”inthelastparagraph?

4．Theunderlinedword“________”inthefourthparagraphrefersto________.1.邏輯關(guān)系猜詞法3.構(gòu)詞法2.解釋說(shuō)明法4.生活常識(shí)和文化背景5.利用上下文語(yǔ)境詞義猜測(cè)Howtoguess1，2，5為主要方法3，4為輔助方法（脫離文本）提示方法在手，猜詞無(wú)憂！一、邏輯關(guān)系猜詞義1同義或近義關(guān)系2反義關(guān)系(轉(zhuǎn)折)3因果關(guān)系Logicalrelation1同義或近義關(guān)系synonymousrelationtalkative1.Mr.Greenlovestotalk,andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.2.“TheDaveyousawonTVwastherealDave,”saysfriendPatWilliams,“Hewasn’tagreatactororagreatspeaker.HewasjustJoeEverybody.”

“HewasjustJoeEverybody.”(inthelastparagraph)means_____.

A.DavewasfamousB.DavewasordinaryC.DavewasstupidD.Davewasshy利用上下文中出現(xiàn)的同義或近義的單詞、短語(yǔ)或句子推知生詞的意思。常見(jiàn)信號(hào)詞：and,or,also,as…as，justas,

similarly等小結(jié)對(duì)點(diǎn)真題：

103.Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodouble.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.（2017.全國(guó)卷Ⅱ.D)Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thetablesareturned”meaninParagraph3?Theattackersgetattacked.B.Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.C.Theplantsgetreadytofightback.D.Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.2反義關(guān)系(轉(zhuǎn)折)antonymousrelation1.AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.2.Itriedhardnottomakeseriousmistakes,butIslippedup.arrogant傲慢的makeanerror表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞常有如but,while,however,instead(of),ratherthan,unlike,yet,still,

otherwise,though,onthecontrary,

nevertheless,

nonetheless等。小結(jié)對(duì)點(diǎn)真題：123.GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.（2017課標(biāo)Ⅲ,C)

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displaced"inparagraph2mean?A.Tested.B.Separated.C.Forcedout.D.Trackeddown.因果關(guān)系cause-and-effect3Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becauseshewasusingthewrongkey.Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossed

inherreading.invainabsorbed

利用因果關(guān)系猜詞義，從原因推測(cè)結(jié)果，從結(jié)果推測(cè)原因。常見(jiàn)的詞或短語(yǔ)：

since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,hence,owingto,thanksto,onaccountof,asaresult/consequenceof,resultin,accordingly,so…that等。

小結(jié)對(duì)點(diǎn)真題：14Whensomekindofpainkillerwasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecolorsturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective.Eventually,itcameonthemarketinadarkblueandwhitepackage-bluebecausewethinkofitassafe,andwhiteascalm.3.Theunderlinedpart“thecolorsturnedthecustomersoff”(inPara.3)meansthatthecolors_____.hadweakeffectsonthecustomersB.trickedthecustomersintoshoppingC.causedthecustomerstoloseinterestD.attractedthecustomersstrongly二、解釋說(shuō)明法

Explanation1下定義2定語(yǔ)從句3同位語(yǔ)4舉例5標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)1下定義definition1.Acalendar

isalistofthedays,weeks,monthsofaparticularyear.

下定義：

is,mean,referto,namely等后的內(nèi)容是對(duì)前面解釋說(shuō)明或由thatis(tosay),inotherwords，toputitanotherway引出一些具體的解釋性的短語(yǔ)解釋生詞。小結(jié)日歷2.Pantomimereferstoashortplayinwhichnowordsarespoken.啞劇2定語(yǔ)從句AttributiveClause1.Hewasaprestidigitatorwhoentertainedthechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhats,swallowingfire,andothersimilartricks.變戲法的人定語(yǔ)從句以及同位語(yǔ)可以起到修飾、限定和解釋的作用。小結(jié)3同位語(yǔ)Appositive1.AlexanderGrahamBellwasbornin1874inEdinburgh,Scotland.Hisfatherwasanexpertinphonetics,

thestudyofthesoundsoflanguage.發(fā)音學(xué)、語(yǔ)音學(xué)4舉例example

1.…allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.(2018?全國(guó)卷Ⅰ?C)A.complex.B.advanced.C.powerful.D.modern關(guān)注…andwhatnot/soon/soforth/thelike,suchas，forexample，forinstance可以通過(guò)所舉事例推知前面內(nèi)容以及冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)和括號(hào)等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)!小結(jié)5標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)punctuation1.Weareonthenightshift——frommidnightto7a.m.夜班三、構(gòu)詞法

Formation1合成法2派生法3轉(zhuǎn)化法（考點(diǎn)熟詞生義）1.①ill-treat______②single-handed______③color-blind______1合成法compounding虐待獨(dú)自色盲的2派生法derivation1.Accordingtome,tryingtofindadietthatcancureyourillness,ormakeyousuperwomanisafruitlesssearch.aneffortwithoutresults轉(zhuǎn)化法（考點(diǎn)熟詞生意）conversion31.Don’tletyourpersonalfeelingscloudyourjudgment.2.Hewolfeddownthreebowlsofrice.n.—v.模糊n.—v.狼吞虎咽21四、生活常識(shí)和文化背景（Commonsense）1.Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient，heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconsciousbecausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.n.

麻醉劑(藥)2.Inolddays,whengirlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands,theyexpectedtobringwiththemselvesalargequantityofdowry.

n.嫁妝同學(xué)們可以利用生活常識(shí)和文化背景進(jìn)行猜測(cè)詞義，但每個(gè)人已有的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)存在差異，做題時(shí)要多結(jié)合語(yǔ)境（千萬(wàn)不能想當(dāng)然，憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一定立足于文本）。小結(jié)Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings？ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.1.Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymean？A.Themore,thebetter.B.Enoughisenough.C.Moremoney,moreworries.D.Earnmoreandspendmore.（2018課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅲ，D）

對(duì)點(diǎn)真題：

Iguessthatthere'sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren'tevenon...Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I'lldoit.”(2019課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ，B)3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings"inparagraph2mean?A.Encourageteamwork.B.Appealtofeelings.C.Promotegooddeeds.D.Provideadvice.五、利用上下文語(yǔ)境（Context）利用上下文語(yǔ)境猜測(cè)詞義要注意進(jìn)行全面考慮，結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞和詞語(yǔ)的搭配等小結(jié)詞義猜測(cè)邏輯關(guān)系同義或近義反義（轉(zhuǎn)折）因果解釋說(shuō)明下定義定語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)舉例標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)

構(gòu)詞法合成派生轉(zhuǎn)化文化常識(shí)語(yǔ)境不能脫離文本，憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)MindMap猜測(cè)詞義題的解題步驟：猜測(cè)詞義題題涉及選材背景、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、文章主旨、作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度等方面。聯(lián)系主旨，整合上下文信息是解這類題的關(guān)鍵。

1.要確認(rèn)所要求猜測(cè)單詞、短語(yǔ)或句子在文中的位置；2.審讀題干，確認(rèn)猜測(cè)點(diǎn)。3.整合上下文信息，確認(rèn)猜測(cè)點(diǎn)與語(yǔ)境之間的關(guān)系。4.猜測(cè)句子的大致意思。5.比較選擇項(xiàng)，確定答案。2020年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（全國(guó)卷I）

26B:…WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifts,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember,it’syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂currency＂inparagraph4referto?A.Debt. B.Reward. C.Allowance(津貼，補(bǔ)助). D.Facevalue.2020年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（全國(guó)卷II）

C:…

NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon-nativespecies.It’sdestroyingtheenvironment.It’sthemorus."saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfordecades，butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsed

inthelate1980