劉敏虛擬語(yǔ)氣

虛擬語(yǔ)氣IwishI_______(be)astallasyou.wereIwisheveryday_____(be)mybirthday.wereIwish/wishedI

____________(eat)somuchwatermelon.hadn’teaten區(qū)別:Ifitrainstomorrow,thecropswillbesaved. Ifitrainedtomorrow,thecropswouldbesaved. Definition陳述語(yǔ)氣（theIndicativeMood）用來(lái)陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，或提出一個(gè)想法，有肯定、否定、疑問(wèn)或感嘆等形式。Thefishisnotalivewithoutwater.虛語(yǔ)語(yǔ)氣（theSubjunctiveMood）表示說(shuō)話人的一種愿望、建議、命令、要求、有時(shí)是一種非真實(shí)的假設(shè)、料想，或是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的與事實(shí)相反的愿望。if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句If+主+did(were),主+would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.1.如果我是你，我會(huì)再試一次。與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句If+主+haddonesth,主+would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞完成式（havedone）IfIhadmarriedher,Iwouldhavebeenunhappy.2.要是當(dāng)時(shí)我和她結(jié)了婚的話，那我是很不幸的。與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句(通常有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))Ifhecameheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhimaboutit.Ifheweretocomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhim.1.如果他明天來(lái)的話,我會(huì)告訴他這件事.2.如果他明天來(lái)的話,我會(huì)告訴他.If+主+did(wereto/shoulddo),主+would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形時(shí)態(tài)從句形式主句形式對(duì)過(guò)去if+主語(yǔ)+haddone主語(yǔ)+could/should/would/might+havedone對(duì)將來(lái)If+主語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)+could/should/would/might+do對(duì)現(xiàn)在If+主語(yǔ)+did/were主語(yǔ)+could/should/would/might+dodidweretodoshoulddo一、非真實(shí)條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣Ifyou__________tomorrow,you_________findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice.A.shouldcome;wouldB.wouldcome;wouldC.willcome;shouldD.comes;mightIftheparents______atthehospitalearlieraftertheaccident,thechildwouldhavebeensaved.A.arrivesB.arriveC.hadarrivedD.hasarrivedIfhe_________he___________thatfood.

Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnothavetakenB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottakenIdidn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe__________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome

Ifmylawyer_______herelastSunday,he_______mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)態(tài)的判定注意:假設(shè)條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不一致情況下的虛擬語(yǔ)氣(混合條件句，這時(shí)動(dòng)作的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。

1.如果過(guò)去天氣好的話，現(xiàn)在莊稼長(zhǎng)得更好了．Iftheweather____________finer,thecrops_______________________stillbetter.2.如果你聽(tīng)了老師的建議的話，你現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)在醫(yī)院里了．Ifyou_______________theteacher’sadvice,you______________inthehospital.3.如果你身體狀況好一些的話，我們本可能會(huì)讓你去幫助他們工作的．Ifyou

inbetterhealth,we_________________youtogotheretohelptheirwork.hadbeencouldhaveallowedwouldbegrowinghadfollowedwouldn’tbewere倒裝的If虛擬句條件狀語(yǔ)的倒裝：如果條件狀語(yǔ)中有were,had,should時(shí),可以倒裝成：Were/Should/Had+主+其他WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.

Hadhebeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Shoulditsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout._________theexam,hewouldhaveattendacollege.A.IfhepassedB.HadhepassedC.WerehepassedD.Ifheshouldpass_______fiveminutesearlier,youcouldhaveseenthemoff.A.IfyoushouldarriveB.IfyouarriveC.HadyouarrivedD.Shouldyouarrive

________itraintomorrow,weshouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheScienceMuseum.A.WereB.shouldC.wouldD.will

含蓄條件句

非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表出來(lái)，只暗含在上下文中，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句。含蓄條件句大體有三種情況:

1.條件暗含在短語(yǔ)中。如：

WhatwouldIhavedonewithoutyou?(條件暗含在分詞短語(yǔ)withoutyou中)

Itwouldbeeasiertodoitthisway.(條件暗含在不定式短語(yǔ)todoitthisway中)

Butforyourhelpwecouldn’thavesucceededintheexperiment.(暗含條件是butforyourhelp)

4.without和butfor構(gòu)成虛擬。butfor要不是Withoutsunlight,people’slifedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Ifinishedthework.Withoutyourhelp,I.Butforwater,itimpossibletoliveinthedesert.wouldbewouldn’thavewouldhavefailedwouldbe2.條件暗含在上下文中。如：

Youmightstayhereforever.(可能暗含ifyouwantedto)

Wewouldhavesucceeded.(可能暗含ifwehadkepttrying)

Yourreputationwouldberuined.

(可能暗含ifyoushouldacceptit)

Iwouldappreciatealittleofyourtime.

(可能暗含ifyouweresokindastogivemealittleofyourtime)

3.在不少情況下，虛擬式已變成習(xí)慣說(shuō)法，很難找出其暗含的條件。如：

Youwouldn’tknow.你不會(huì)知道。

Iwouldliketocome.我愿意來(lái)。

Iwouldn’thavedreamedofit.這是我做夢(mèng)也不會(huì)想到的。IfonlyIfonly(1)…要是就好了=IwishIfonlyIknewhisnamenow!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvicelasttime!IfonlyIcouldseehimagainnextyear!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!要是我沒(méi)錯(cuò)過(guò)火車就好了.現(xiàn)在過(guò)去將來(lái)Did/wereHaddoneCould+動(dòng)詞原形(2)=aslongas常用陳述語(yǔ)氣.如果我們緊密團(tuán)結(jié)就一定能戰(zhàn)勝一切困難.Wecansurelyovercomethesedifficultiesifonlywearecloselyunited.asif/though2.asif/though+Clause現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去：將來(lái):did/were(現(xiàn)在)haddone(過(guò)去)Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.HespeaksasifhehadbeentotheUnitedStates.

would+動(dòng)詞原形(將來(lái))注意：如果表示的事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生，那么狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用陳述語(yǔ)氣。Itlooksasifyouaretired.區(qū)別：{HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughheisfromtheUSA. HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughhewerefromtheUSA. 陳述語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit__________.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbrokenTheactoris58yearsold.Butheactsasifhe_______ayoungman.A.isB.willbeC.amD.wereThecloudsaregettingdarkeranddarker.Itlooksasifit_______rain.A.isgoingtoB.willC.wasgoingtoD.would名詞性從句中要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞1.表示要求,命令,建議的虛擬語(yǔ)氣一個(gè)堅(jiān)持，兩個(gè)命令，三個(gè)建議，四個(gè)要求1.insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose(advice,suggestion,proposal)4.demand,require,request,desire這些詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。即從句中的動(dòng)詞使用should+動(dòng)詞原形，或者將should省略。suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,adviceetc.引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，以(should)+v原的形式出現(xiàn)。Weallsuggestthathe(should)finishhishomeworkfirst.Thecaptaincommandedthatallthesailors

(should)getdowntoworkatonce.It’ssuggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,commanded,requested,desired,insisted,required)that…后面的主語(yǔ)從句中要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也以(should)+v原.的形式出現(xiàn)。It’sorderedthatonlyGerman(should)betaughtatschoolsinAlsasandLorin.It’srequestedthatallthestudents(should)wearschooluniformsatschool.

以上這些動(dòng)詞的名詞形式后面的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中也要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也應(yīng)以(should)+v原.的形式出現(xiàn)。Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)gohomefirstbeforecominghere.Hisrequestthathiscost(should)bepaid

bythehouriscompletelyreasonable.Theordercamethatthework(should)befinishedtwodaysaheadoftimeMyadviceisthatyou(should)practisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible

Mydemandisthatshe_______________(come)toseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalworks

(be)closeddown.Hesuggestedthatwe____________(go)toBeijingforsightseeing.Theproposalthatwe

(go)outforapicnicwaswarmlywelcomed.(should)go(should)come(should)be(should)go表語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句注意：如suggest,insist用于其本意“暗示、表明“、”堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為“時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。1.Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody__________(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe______(be)seriouslyillandthat_________(send)tohospitalsatonce.3.Hesuggestedthatwe________(have)ameetingatonce.4.Hispalefacesuggestedthathe______(be)ill.obeywasbesenthavewaswish引導(dǎo)的虛擬句IwishIrememberedtheaddress.我要是記得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）HowIwishhehadnotleft.要是他沒(méi)有離開(kāi)這里就好了。（他已離開(kāi)）Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（說(shuō)話人以預(yù)料明天不會(huì)下雨）wish+thatHowIwishIfonlydid/were現(xiàn)在haddone過(guò)去would/might/woulddo將來(lái)Exercises:“HaveyouvisitedtheScienceMuseum?”“No,butIreallywishI_______.”

A.had B.did C.have D.willIdidn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI_____there.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wentIwishI_________youyesterday.A.seeB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee

-----Heisabraveman.-----Yes,IwishI_________hiscourage.A.HaveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhaveTomcantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_____mehow.A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteachThepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IwishI___________toit.A.hadn’tgoneB.haven’tgoneC.didn’tgoD.couldnothavegoneHowIwishI__________that!Everybodypresentwasangrywithme.A.didn’tgoB.hadn’tdoneC.wouldn’tdoD.wasn’tdoing虛擬語(yǔ)氣特殊句型：1.wouldratherthat現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去：未來(lái)：過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.注意:在主語(yǔ)＋would(had)rather＋that賓語(yǔ)從句中，從句謂語(yǔ)一般用過(guò)去式表示虛擬形式。例如:我真希望你告訴我真相。

I’dratheryoutoldmethetruth.我寧愿不再見(jiàn)著你。

I’dratherIdidn’tseeyouagain.我倒希望他們和我一起去。Iwouldrathertheywentwithme.2.It’snecessary/strange/natural/important+that---Clause從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬，即（should）+動(dòng)詞原形Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.3.It’s(about/high)time+that---過(guò)去時(shí)should+V.你該走了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.我們?cè)撊ニX(jué)了。It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.Should不能省略4.用“may+動(dòng)詞原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此時(shí)may須置于句首Maygoodluck

be

yours!祝你好運(yùn)！

Mayyou

be

happy!祝你快樂(lè)！

Mayyou

do

evenbetter!祝你取得更大成就Long

live

thepeople!人民萬(wàn)歲！

“God

bless

you,”saidthepriest.牧師說(shuō)：“愿上帝保佑你！”practice1Hesuggestedthatthemeeting

putoff.

A.notbe

B.shouldnot

C.wouldn’t

D.benot

2Itisstrangethathe

so.

A.thinks

B.think

C.thought

D.willthink

3IwishI

myuncleyesterday.

A.met

B.havemet

C.wouldmeet

D.hadmet

4Theoldprofessorgaveordersthattheexperiment

before6.

A.wasfinished

B.willfinish

C.befinished

D.shallbefinished

5.Shesaysshe’dratherhe____tomorrowinsteadoftoday.A.hadB.shouldleaveC.leavesD.left6.It’salready5o’clocknow.Don’tyouthinkit’sabouttime____?A.wearegoinghomeB.ifsheleavesC.wewenthome

D.ifshehadleft7It’shightimehe

home.

A.goes

B.went

C.willgo

D.isgoingtogo

8

yousucceedand

youbehealthy.

A.May…may

B.Wish…wish

C.Hope…h(huán)ope

D.Should…may

9Galileoinsistedthattheearth

roundthesun.

A.shouldmove

B.move

C.moves

D.AorB10IfonlyI____

tomyparents’advice!

A.listening

B.listen

C.amlistening

D.hadlistened

11---Whydidn’tyoucometothepartyyesterday?

---I____

,butanunexpectedvisitorcametoseeme.

A.did

B.would

C.had

D.wasgoingto

12I’dratheryou____

methenews.

A.nottell

B.nottotell

C.didn’ttell

D.hadn’t