后續(xù)課程文學(xué)賞析共享-week11blakeburns

WilliamBlake

RobertBurns--ForerunnersofRomanticismRomanticismRomanticism(alsotheRomanticeraortheRomanticperiod)wasanartistic,literary,musicalandintellectualmovementthatoriginatedinEuropetowardtheendofthe18thcenturyandinmostareaswasatitspeakintheapproximateperiodfrom1800to1850.Romanticismwascharacterizedbyitsemphasisonemotionandindividualismaswellasglorificationofallthepastandnature,preferringthemedievalratherthantheclassical.IncontrasttotheRationalismandClassicismoftheEnlightenment,Romanticismrevivedmedievalism

andelementsofartandnarrativeperceivedasauthenticallymedievalinanattempttoescapepopulationgrowth,earlyurbanspread,andindustrialism.--FromWikipediaAuguriesofinnocence

天真的預(yù)兆(132lines)一沙一世界，一花一天堂。

無限掌中置，剎那成永恒。

——徐志摩（譯）Toseeaworldinagrainofsand，Andaheaveninawildflower，Holdinfinityinthepalmofyourhand，Andeternityinanhour.在一顆沙粒中見一個世界，

在一朵鮮花中見一片天空，

在你的掌心里把握無限，

在一個鐘點(diǎn)里把握無窮。

——《布萊克詩集》上海三聯(lián)，張熾恒譯

PoetandPainterEngraver雕刻師Firstmajor“Romantic”poetWilliamBlake(1757-1827)PoliticallyBlakewasarebel,makingfriendswiththoseradicals激進(jìn)分子.Hestronglycriticizedthecapitalistcruelexploitation.HecherishedgreatexpectationsandenthusiasmfortheFrenchRevolution.LiterarilyBlakewasthefirstimportantromanticpoet,showingcontemptfortheruleofreason,oppositetheclassicaltraditionofthe18thcentury,andtreasuringtheindividual’simagination.WilliamBlake(1757-1827)ThepoetWordsworth,forexample,commentedthatthere“isnodoubtthatthispoormanwasmad,butthereissomethinginhismadnesswhichinterestsmemorethanthesanityofLordByronandWalterScott”.JohnRuskinsimilarlyfeltthatBlake’sworkswere“diseasedandwild”,evenifhismindwas“greatandwise”.MajorLiteraryWorksPoeticalSketches素描詩集(1783):

his

earliestpoems,fullof

joy,laughter,loveandharmony

SongsofInnocence(1789):presenta

happy

and

innocentworld,thoughwithitsevilsandsufferingsTheMarriageofHeavenandHell(1790):hisfirstprophetical預(yù)言的work

andmostimportantprosework;exploretherelationship

ofthe

contrariesSongsofExperience(1794):presentaworldof

misery,poverty,disease,warandrepression

witha

melancholy

toneJerusalem耶路撒冷:TheEmanationoftheGiantAlbion(1820):

his

longestilluminated

work;expoundhistheoryofimaginationSongsofInnocence/ExperienceSongsofInnocence(19)TheShepherd

TheLamb

TheChimneySweeper

HolyThursday

Night

Spring

ADream

OnAnother'sSorrow

SongsofExperience(26)TheChimneySweeper

TheSickRose

TheTyger

Ah!Sun-FlowerTheLily

London

APoisonTree

SongsofInnocence(1789)UsingalanguagewhichevenlittlebabiescanlearnbyheartPresentingahappyandinnocentworldwithoutevilsandsufferingsEverythingseemstobeinharmony.However,in“Thelittleblackboy”and“Thechimneysweeper”,wefindracialdiscriminationandsufferingsofthepoor.AhappyandinnocentworldwithoutevilsandsufferingsTheChimneySweeperTheChimneySweeperisthetitleoftwopoemsbyWilliamBlake,publishedinSongsofInnocencein1789andSongsofExperiencein1794.Intheearlierpoem,ayoungchimneysweeperrecountsadreamhadbyoneofhisfellows,inwhichanangelrescuestheboysfromcoffinsandtakesthemtoasunnymeadow.Inthelaterpoem,anapparentlyadultspeakerencountersachildchimneysweeperabandonedinthesnowwhilehisparentsareatchurch.

WhenmymotherdiedIwasveryyoung,

Andmyfathersoldmewhileyetmytongue,

Couldscarcelycry'weep!'weep!'weep!'weep!SoyourchimneysIsweep,andinsootIsleep.There'slittleTomDacre,whocriedwhenhishead,Thatcurledlikealamb'sback,wasshaved:soIsaid,"Hush,Tom!nevermindit,forwhenyourhead'sbare,

Youknowthatthesootcannotspoilyourwhitehair."

Andsohewasquiet;andthatverynight,AsTomwasa-sleeping,hehadsuchasight,Thatthousandsofsweepers,Dick,Joe,Ned,andJack,

Wereallofthemlockedupincoffinsofblack.TheChimneySweeper1Andbycameanangelwhohadabrightkey,

Andheopenedthecoffinsandsetthemallfree;Thendownagreenplainleaping,laughing,theyrun,Andwashinariver,andshineinthesun.Thennakedandwhite,alltheirbagsleftbehind,Theyriseuponcloudsandsportinthewind;AndtheangeltoldTom,ifhe'dbeagoodboy,He'dhaveGodforhisfather,andneverwantjoy.AndsoTomawoke;andweroseinthedark,Andgotwithourbagsandourbrushestowork.Thoughthemorningwascold,Tomwashappyandwarm;Soifalldotheirduty,theyneednotfearharm.TheChimneySweeper1我母親死的時候，我還小得很,我父親把我拿出來賣給了別人,我當(dāng)時還不大喊得清，“掃呀——掃！”

我就掃你們煙囪，裹煤屑睡覺.有個小托姆，頭發(fā)卷得像小羊頭,剃光的時候，哭得好傷心，好難受,我就說：“小托姆，不要緊，光了腦袋,打起來煤屑就不會糟踏你白頭發(fā)。”他就安安靜靜了，當(dāng)天夜里，托姆睡著了，事情就來得稀奇，他看見千千萬萬的掃煙囪小孩

，阿貓阿狗全都給鎖進(jìn)了黑棺材。掃煙囪的孩子——譯文后來來了個天使，拿了把金鑰匙，開棺材放出了孩子們（真是好天使?。┧麄兙瓦吿?，邊笑，邊跑過草坪，

到河里洗了澡，太陽里曬得亮晶晶。光光的，白白的，把袋子都拋個一，他們就升上了云端，在風(fēng)里游戲；“只要你做個好孩子，”天使對托姆說，“上帝會做你的父親，你永遠(yuǎn)快樂。”托姆就醒了；屋子里黑咕隆咚，我們就起來拿袋子、掃帚去做工。大清早盡管冷，托姆的心里可溫暖；這叫做：各盡本分，就不怕災(zāi)難。掃煙囪的孩子——譯文Alittleblackthingamongthesnow:一個滿身污垢的小小身影站在大雪里，Crying

“’weep！’weep!”innotesofwoe!“掃煙囪！掃煙囪！”他的叫聲悲戚！Wherearethyfatherandmother?say?“告訴我，你的父母在哪里？”Theyarebothgoneuptothechurchtopray.“他們都去了教堂禱告上帝。”BecauseIwashappyupontheheath,“因?yàn)槲蚁矚g在荒野上嬉戲，Andsmil'damongthewinterssnow:在冬天的大雪中也滿臉笑意，Theyclothedmeintheclothesofdeath,他們就給我穿上喪衣，Andtaughtmetosingthenotesofwoe.還教我用悲聲唱喪曲?！盩heChimneySweeper2

王瑋/譯AndbecauseIamhappyanddanceandsing,“因?yàn)槲铱鞓返赜殖痔琓heythinktheyhavedonemenoinjury:他們就覺得對我的所為無害無虞，AndaregonetopraiseGodandhisPriestandKing,于是就去贊美牧師、國王和上帝—Whomakeupaheavenofourmisery.”這些人用我們的痛苦成就了一個極樂之地?！盩heChimneySweeper2

王瑋/譯

--apoetofthepeasants,--thenationalpoetofScotlandRobertBurns(1759-1796)

RobertBurns

hispoemswrittenintheScottishdialect;manylyricspraisingnature,love,andfriendship,suchas“ARed,RedRose,”“Myheart’sintheHighland”.In2009,hewasvotedbytheScottishpublicasbeingtheGreatestScot,throughavoterunbyScottishtelevisionchannelSTVHis“AuldLangSyne”(OldLongAgo)whichhavebeensungasapartingsonginmanyplacesoftheworldindifferentlanguages.

Burns’spositioninhistory

彭斯在文學(xué)史上的地位“WhenScotlandforgetsBurns,thenhistorywillforgetScotland”---19thcenturyscholarandeducationalist,J.S.BlackieHeisuniversallyrecognizedasthenationalpoetofScotland,apeasantpoetandapoetoftheordinarypeople.RobertBurns

--arepresentativeofPre-RomanticismInterestsinfolkliteratureExplorationofemotionsandfeelingsUndertheinfluenceofFrenchRevolution,andbeagainstthebondageofclassicism

PoetryofBurnsThepoemsofBurnsarewrittenintheScottishdialectonavarietyofsubjects.1)Politicalpoems2)Satiricalpoems3)Lyrics

Mainly,3

kindsExamplesPolitical:“EpistletoJ.Lapraid”“致拉布雷克書”我只求大自然給我一點(diǎn)火種，我所求的學(xué)問便全在此中！縱使我駕著大車和木犁，渾身是汗水和泥土，縱使我的詩神穿得樸素，她可打進(jìn)了心靈深處。（王佐良譯）commonfeelingsoftheworkingpeopleSatirical:“Fora’Thatanda‘That”“不管那一套”不管怎樣變化，明天一定會來到那時侯真理和品格將成為整個地球的榮耀！管他們這一套那一套，總有一天會來到：那時侯全世界所有的人，都成了兄弟，不管他們那一套！

（王佐良譯）indefianceoftherandandtitleofthegentlefolk嘲弄王公豪紳Stanza1:Theman’ssweetheartisverypretty.1Omyluveislikeared,redrose,

2

That'snewlysprunginJune;=lovepp.ofspringv.

開放Britain’sclimateiscold.Flowersaren’tinbloomtillJune.3Omyluveislikethemelodie

4

That'ssweetlyplayedintune.=melody,music和諧These2linesdescribeherprettyappearance.Lines3&4praiseherfinedisposition溫柔的性格.Stanza2:Themanpledgestrueloveforher.

1

Asfairartthou,mybonnielass,

2

SodeepinluveamI;=as…as…prettyprettygirl3AndIwillluvetheestill,mydear,

4Tilla'theseasgangdry.Paraphrase:Youareaspretty,mydeargirl,asIdeeplyloveyou.alwaysallgo,eStanza3:Themanpromiseseternalloveforher.1Tilla'theseasgangdry,mydear,

2Andtherocksmeltwi'thesun;

3AndIwillluvetheestill,mydear,

4Whilethesandso'lifeshallrun.withTheancientEuropeansusedasandglass(orhourglass)tomeasurethetime.Whenallthesandintheglasswasgone,itwastheendofanhour.Hereitisahyperboletosaythattheman’slifeismeasuredbyasandglass.Whileheliveshe’llalwaysloveher.sandglass《先秦漢魏晉南北朝詩·漢鼓吹曲辭·上邪》：山無陵，江水為竭，冬雷震震，夏雨雪，天地合，乃敢與君絕?！抖鼗颓釉~·菩薩蠻》:

枕前發(fā)盡千般愿，要休且待青山爛，水面秤錘浮，直待黃河徹底枯。白日參辰現(xiàn)，北斗回南面，休即未能休，且待三更見日頭。Cf.somesimilarexpressionsinChinese:

ComparisonwithChinesefolksong

上邪上邪，吾欲與君相知，長命無絕衰。山無陵，江水為竭，冬雷震震，夏雨雪，天地合，乃敢與君絕！Q:Whatarethesimilaritiesbetweenthetwosongs?Stanza4:

Themanvowstoloveherhoweverfarhemaygo.1And

faretheeweel,myonlyluve,

2

Andfaretheeweelawhile;

3AndIwillcomeagain,myluve,

4

Tho'itweretenthousandmile!say“Goodbye”toyou=well=though(Scottish)=miles

Summary:

Whilestanza1isanintroductionaboutherbeauty,thenext3describehisloveforherfrom3dimensions:depth,

length

and

distance.呵，我的愛人像朵紅紅的玫瑰，

六月里迎風(fēng)初開；

呵，我的愛人像支甜甜的曲子，

奏得合拍又和諧。

我的好姑娘，多么美麗的人兒！

請看我，多么深摯的愛情！

親愛的，我永遠(yuǎn)愛你，

縱使大海干枯水流盡。

縱使大海干枯水流盡，

太陽將巖石燒作灰塵，

親愛的，我永遠(yuǎn)愛你，

只要我一息猶存。

珍重吧，我唯一的愛人，

珍重吧，讓我們暫時別離，

但我定要回來，

哪怕千里萬里！

------《我的愛人像朵紅紅的玫瑰》王佐良譯

【周宜乃（1915-1996）譯文】

卿若紅玫瑰

卿若紅玫瑰，新綻六月里，

更若旋律曲，嘹亮聲和諧。汝顏美若斯，我深彌愛之，

情愛永不變，直至?？輹r。海水盡枯竭，巖石皆蝕摧，

此生一息存，相愛永不隳.吾愛此別矣，暫作小分飛，

相去雖萬里，他日終旋歸。

注：周宜乃，安徽青陽縣人。1945年立武漢大學(xué)機(jī)電系畢業(yè)。1947赴英國深造。1951年回國?！蹲杂芍琛肥亲g者個人輯譯的英美詩選。所選作品，既是澤者個人鐘愛的詩章，也是膾炙人口的佳作。其中包括我國較少譯介的詩人騷塞(Chaucer)和摩爾的詩篇。譯文采用古詩形式，詩情濃郁，耐人尋味。

Questions1.Howdosethenarratorinthelovesongexpresshislove?2.Whyisthispoemsotouchingtothereaders?

Question1Howdosethenarratorinthelovesongexpresshislove?tousemanyfiguresofspeeches:simile,metaphor,repetition...

Question1Howdosethenarratorinthelovesongexpresshislove?Simile--effect:vividness+liveliness(形象+生動)Hyperbole--effect:emphasis(強(qiáng)調(diào))Inversion--effect:rhyme+emphasis(押韻+強(qiáng)調(diào))Repetition--effect:emphasis+musicality

Question1Notice:arrangementsofimageryplainandrustic(純樸的)languagee