2023年考研英語真題及答案完整解析

20２3年全國碩士研究生入學考試英語(一)SectiｏnＩ

UseofＥnｇｌiｓｈDｉrｅｃｔions：Rｅadthefollowingtｅｘt.Chooｓｅｔhｅbestｗord（ｓ）fｏreachｎｕmbｅｒeｄｂlaｎｋandmaｒk[A],［B]，[C］ｏｒ［Ｄ]onAＮＳWEＲＳHEET１.(1０ｐoints）AnｃieｎｔGreｅkphｉloｓopｈerAｒistotleviｅｗｅdlａughｔeras“ａbodiｌｙexｅrcｉseprｅcioustｏｈealｔh.”Ｂut?＿_1___somｅｃlaimstothｅconｔrary,ｌaugｈingｐｒｏbａblyhasｌｉttleinｆluｅncｅonphysｉcaｌfｉtｎeｓsLaｕｇhteｒdｏes_＿2_＿_sｈｏrt-ｔermｃhangesｉｎｔｈefuncｔionｏｆthehearｔanditsbｌoodvesseｌs,___3_ｈeartrａｔｅandoxygencｏnsumptiｏnＢutbecａusehａrdlaughteriｓdｉffiｃulｔｔo__4＿＿,agoｏdｌaｕｇｈisunlikelｙtohaｖe__5＿＿_beｎefiｔstheway,ｓay,ｗaｌkｉngorｊoｇgiｎｇdoes._＿６＿_,ｉnｓｔｅadｏｆstrａｉｎinｇｍｕｓclｅstobuildthem,ａsｅxercisｅｄoｅs,ｌａugｈteｒappａｒｅnｔlyacｃｏmplishｅsthｅ＿_7＿_,sｔudｉｅsdａt(yī)ｉngbａcktoｔhe1９３0’siｎdicatethａt(yī)laughter__8＿＿_ｍuscles,decrｅasingmｕsｃletoneforupto４５ｍinｕtesafterthelaｕghdiｅｓｄown.Suchbｏdilｙreａctｉonｍightｃonceiｖablｙhｅｌp_９__ｔheeffectｓoｆpsycholoｇiｃalstｒeｓs．Aｎｙway，theaｃｔoflauｇhingprobablydoｅｓprodｕceoｔhertypｅｓof＿__10___feｅdbaｃk，thatｉｍproveanindividuaｌ’ｓemｏtionaｌsｔａｔe．＿＿11____oｎｅclassicalｔheｏryｏfｅmｏtioｎ,oｕrfeｅliｎgsarepartialｌｙrooteｄ＿___１2__＿pｈysiｃalreaｃtｉoｎs.Ｉtwasarｇuedaｔtheendoｆthe19tｈcenturｙthａt(yī)huｍaｎsdoｎoｔcry___13___theｙaｒeｓａｄbuttheybｅcoｍesadｗhｅnthetearsbegintoｆｌoｗ.Aｌthougｈsadnｅssalso___＿1４__＿teａｒs,evｉｄeｎcesｕgｇestｓtｈaｔeｍｏtionscanflow__1５_＿＿ｍｕsｃuｌarrｅsｐonses．Inaneｘperｉmentｐuｂlｉsheｄin１988，sｏcialpsyｃhoｌogistFrｉtzStrackoftｈeUnｉｖeｒsitｙｏｆwüｒｚbuｒgｉnGｅrmａｎｙaskeｄvoｌunｔｅｅrsｔo__１６_＿＿aｐｅｎｅitherｗiｔhtheirteeth-ｔherｅbｙcｒeａｔinganarｔifｉcialsmｉle–orwiｔhtｈeｉｒlipｓ,whichwouｌdprｏdｕｃｅa(n)__17___exprｅssiｏn.Thｏｓefｏｒｃeｄtoexercisetheiｒsmilingｍｕsclｅs___18__＿mｏrｅexuｂerａｎtｌytｏfuｎｎycartoｎsｔhandidthoｓewhoｓeｍoｕtｈswｅreｃontｒaｃtedinafrown，____１９_＿＿tｈａt(yī)exprｅｓsionsmａyinｆlueｎｃeeｍoｔionｓｒatｈeｒthanjusttｈeotherｗaｙaｒounｄ＿＿2０__,thｅｐｈysiｃalaｃｔoflａughｔeｒcouｌｄiｍｐrovｅｍood.1.［A］amonｇ

[B]exｃept

[C]despite

[Ｄ]like2．[A]ｒefｌect

[B]demaｎｄ

[C]indiｃａt(yī)ｅ

[D]prodｕce3.[A]ｓtａbilｉｚiｎｇ

[B]boｏstｉng

[C]impairinｇ

[D]deteｒmining4．[A］transmｉt

[Ｂ]susｔaｉn

[C]ｅｖaluaｔe

[D]oｂｓeｒvｅ5.［A]mｅaｓuｒable

［B］mａnaｇｅabｌe

[C]aｆfordａblｅ

[D］rｅnewable6.[A]Inｔurn

[B]Infａｃt

［Ｃ]Ｉnaddｉｔion

[Ｄ]Inbriｅｆ7．[A]ｏpposｉｔe

[Ｂ]iｍpｏssible

[C]averａｇe

[D］expected8.［A]ｈaｒdens

[B]ｗeakｅｎｓ

［C]ｔightens

[D]ｒｅlaｘｅs９．[A］ａｇgravａt(yī)e

[Ｂ]ｇeneｒate

[C]moderａt(yī)e

[D]ｅnhancｅ10．［A]phyｓiｃal

[B］ｍeｎｔal

[C］sｕbcoｎsciｏus

[D]inteｒnaｌ11．[A］Exceptfor

[Ｂ]Accordingtｏ

［C]Dueｔｏ

[D］Asfor12．［A]wiｔｈ

[Ｂ]ｏn

[C]in

[D］at13．[A]unｌｅss

[B］until

[C]if

[D］beｃauｓe１4.[Ａ]eｘｈausts

[Ｂ］follｏｗs

[C]ｐrｅcｅdeｓ

[D］ｓupｐresses15.［A]iｎｔo

［Ｂ］from

[C］towaｒｄs

[D]ｂｅyond16．[A］ｆetch

[B]bite

[C]ｐick

[D］ｈｏld17．[A]diｓaｐpointed

[B]ｅｘcitｅd

[C］joyful

[D]indiｆfereｎt１8．［A]adａpteｄ

[B]ｃatered

[C]ｔurned

[D]reacted19．[A]suｇgｅsting

［B]rｅquirinｇ

[Ｃ]mentｉoning

［D]sｕppｏsing20．[A]Eveｎtuallｙ

[B]Ｃｏｎｓequently

[C]Simｉlarly

[D]CｏnvｅrselySectiｏnII

ReadingCompreheｎｓｉonPａrtAＤｉｒectiｏns:Reａdtｈeｆoｌｌowingfourtexts.Answｅrｔhequｅsｔionsbeｌoweachtextｂychooｓiｎg[A],[Ｂ］,[C］ｏr[D].MarｋyourａｎsｗｅｒsｏnANSWERSHＥET1.(40pｏiｎts)Tｅxt1ThｅdecisionｏｆｔheNｅｗYｏrｋPｈilharmｏnictｏhireAｌａnGilbeｒtａｓiｔsｎextmusiｃdｉｒecｔorhasbeenthetalkofthｅcｌaｓsｉｃａl-musicwｏrldeversｉncethesudｄenannｏuncemｅｎtｏfｈisappointmeｎtiｎ202３．Forthｅmｏsｔpart,thｅresｐonｓｅhａsbeeｎfavoｒａble,ｔｏsａytｈelｅast.“Ｈooｒaｙ!Atlast!”ｗrｏteAnthonyＴommａsinｉ,asｏｂｅｒ－ｓidｅdcｌassｉｃal-mｕsiccritic.Onｅofthｅｒｅasｏnswｈytheappointmentｃaｍeassuchasuｒpｒise,however,istｈatGilbertｉscomｐａrativeｌyｌｉｔｔleｋnｏwn.ＥｖenTomｍａｓｉｎi,whohadａdvocatedGilbert’sapｐointmentintheＴimｅs，calｌshim“ａnuｎpreteｎtiｏｕsmusｉciａnwithｎｏａｉrofｔheｆorｍidaｂｌeconductorabouthim.”ＡsａdeｓｃｒiｐｔionoｆｔheneｘtmusiｃdireｃtoｒoｆaｎorchｅstrathathaｓhiｔheｒtobｅｅｎleｄｂymｕｓｉcｉanｓlikeGｕsｔavMaｈlｅraｎｄPierrｅBoulez,thaｔseｅmｓｌｉkelyｔoｈavesｔruｃkａt(yī)leａsｔsomeTimeｓrｅａdｅrsaｓfaintpraiｓe.Ｆormypａrt，IhavenｏｉdeaｗhetherGilberｔｉsａgｒｅａｔｃｏｎductoｒｏrevｅnagooｄｏnｅ.Tobesurｅ,heperfoｒmsanimprｅssivevａrｉｅtｙofinterestｉngｃomｐｏsitions,bｕtitisnｏtnecessaryformetovisitAverｙＦisherHall,ｏranyｗheｒeｅlse,tｏｈｅarｉnteｒestiｎｇｏrｃｈeｓtｒａlmusｉc.ＡllIhavetｏｄoｉstoｇotomyCDshelf,orbootupputerａｎddownｌoａdstillmoreｒecordedmusiｃfromiTuｎes．Ｄｅvｏtｅdconcertgoerswhoreｐlｙthatrｅcoｒdｉnｇｓarenosubｓｔitｕteforlivｅperfoｒmaｎceareｍiｓsingｔhepoｉnt．Fortｈｅtime,attentiｏn,andmｏneyoftheａｒｔ-lｏviｎgpubｌｉc,classiｃaｌｉｎｓｔruｍenｔalｉstｓmusｔcｏmｐeteｎotonlywithoperahouses,dａnｃｅtrouｐes,tｈeatercｏｍpaｎｉes,ａndｍuｓeumｓ,buｔalsowithtｈeｒecorｄedpｅｒfｏｒmａｎcesｏfthegreatｃlａｓsｉcalmusｉciａnsofthe2０tｈｃeｎtｕry.Therｅｒecordinｇｓarecheａp，avａiｌabｌeeveryｗhere,ａnｄｖｅryoｆｔenmucｈhiｇｈerｉnaｒtｉsｔｉcqualｉtythanｔoｄａy’ｓliｖeｐｅrformances；moreoｖer,thｅycanbe“consumed”ataｔimeaｎdplaceoｆthｅliｓtｅner’schoosinｇ.Ｔhewidespreadavａilabilｉtyoｆｓuchｒecoｒｄiｎgshasｔhusbroughtaｂoutacｒisｉｓiｎtheinstitｕtｉoｎofthetrａditｉonalclasｓiｃalconｃert.Onepｏssｉbleresponsｅｉsｆorｃlａssiｃaｌpｅrfｏrmｅrstoｐｒogｒamattractｉvｅnewmuｓicthatisnotyetaｖailableｏnrecord.Giｌbｅｒt’sowｎiｎterestｉｎｎewmusichasｂｅenｗidelｙｎoteｄ:AlｅxRoss,aｃｌａｓsical-ｍusicｃriｔic，ｈasdescriｂｅdｈiｍasａmanwhｏiscａpableofｔurnｉｎｇthePhilharmoｎicintｏ“amarkeｄlｙdｉfｆｅrent,moｒeｖibｒantｏrganizatiｏｎ.”Butwhａt(yī)willbetｈenatｕｒeｏfthatdiffｅrｅnce？Meｒelｙexpandingｔheorchestra’srepertoｉrewiｌlnoｔbeenough.IfGilbertandtｈeＰhｉlhａrｍoｎicareｔｏsucceeｄ，theyｍustfｉｒstchａngｅtherelaｔionshipbetweeｎAmeｒica’soldeｓtｏｒchestraaｎｄthenewaｕdiｅｎｃeithopstｏattraｃｔ.2１.ＷeｌearｎfｒomPaｒa.1ｔｈatＧilbert’ｓappointmeｎtｈas［Ａ]ｉncurredcriticiｓm.[B]raｉsedｓuspiciｏn．[C]receｉvedaｃcｌaim.[Ｄ]arouｓeｄｃuriositｙ.2２.ＴommasｉniｒｅｇａrdsGilbeｒｔasanａｒtｉstwｈoiｓ[A]inｆlueｎtｉaｌ.[B］ｍｏdest.[Ｃ］respｅctablｅ.[D］talenｔeｄ．2３.Thｅauthｏrbeｌiｅvｅstｈatthedevｏtedconｃｅrtgｏers[A]igｎｏｒetｈeexpｅnsesofliｖepeｒｆormａnces.[B]ｒejectmostkindsｏfrｅcoｒdedpeｒfｏrmanｃeｓ.[C]exaggeraｔethevａriｅｔyoflｉvｅperfｏｒmances．[D]overeｓｔimaｔｅthｅvalueofｌiveｐerforｍanceｓ.24．Aｃcordiｎgｔｏthｅteｘt,whichoｆtheｆｏllowingｉstrｕeoｆｒｅcordiｎgs？[A]Thｅｙareofteninferｉoｒtolivecｏncertsｉnqｕality.[Ｂ]Ｔheyareeａsilyacceｓsibletotheｇｅneralpｕblic.[C]Tｈeyhelpｉmproｖetｈeｑuａlityofｍusiｃ．［D］Theｙhaｖeoｎlycoverｅdｍａstｅrpｉｅｃes.2５.RegａrdｉｎｇGilbeｒt’sｒｏlｅｉｎrevitalizingthePｈilhaｒmoｎic,ｔheａuｔhorfeｅlｓ[Ａ]ｄoubtful．［B]ｅnｔhusiastic.[C］cｏnfｉｄｅnt.[D]puzｚled.Ｔexｔ2WhenLiamMcＧeeｄepartedaｓpｒeｓidｅnｔoｆBａｎkofAmｅrｉｃａinAuｇuｓｔ，ｈiｓexplaｎatｉｏnｗassｕrprｉsinglysｔraｉghtup.Ratherthanｃloakｉngｈisexｉtintheusualvaｇueexｃuｓes,hecamerigｈｔoｕtandsaidｈｅｗasleaviｎg“tｏｐｕrsuｅmyｇｏaloｆｒｕnｎｉnｇacoｍpany.”Brｏadｃasｔiｎghisamｂｉtionｗａs“verymｕcｈｍydecisioｎ，”ＭｃＧeｅsays.Ｗithｉntｗｏweeks,ｈewａstalｋingｆoｒtｈefirstｔiｍewithｔｈｅboardofHartfｏrdＦinanciaｌＳeｒvicesGroup，wｈichnamedhｉmCEOandcｈairmanonSeｐｔeｍber２９.McGeesayslｅavingwithouｔaｐosiｔionlineｄupgavehimｔiｍetｏｒeflectonwhatｋｉｎdofｃompaｎyhewantｅdtorun.Ｉtａｌsosentａcleａｒｍessagｅtoｔｈeoｕｔｓidｅｗorlｄabouthiｓaspirａｔions．AｎｄＭcGeｅisｎ’ｔaｌone.InrecenｔweｅkｓtｈeＮo.2eｘｅcｕｔivｅsatAvｏnａndＡmericanEｘpressｑuitwiｔｈtheexplanationtｈaｔｔheyweｒｅloｏkingfｏraＣEOpost．Asboardsscｒutｉｎizesucｃessiｏｎplansｉｎｒeｓｐonsetoｓharehoｌｄerｐｒessuｒｅ,ｅxeｃutｉｖeswｈodoｎ’tgetｔhenodalsoｍaｙwｉshtomovｅon．Atuｒbｕleｎtbｕｓｉｎeｓsenvｉronmentalsｏｈａsｓeｎiormanagerscautｉousoflettiｎｇvaｇuｅproｎｏuncemｅnｔscｌｏｕdｔheiｒreputations.Asthｅfirsｔｓｉgnsｏｆrecoverybｅｇｉntotaｋehold,deputychｉefsmaｙbｅmorｅｗillｉngtomaketheｊumpwithout.Intheｔhiｒdquarｔer,ＣEOturnoverwasdown23%ｆroｍａyeａｒagoasｎervｏusboarｄsstuckwithｔhelｅaderstｈeyｈad,ａccordinｇtｏLibｅruｍReseaｒch.Ａｓtｈeｅconomypｉcksup,oppｏrtｕnitieswiｌlａbｏｕndfoｒaspｉrｉnｇleａｄers．Thedecisiontｏquiｔasｅniｏrpoｓｉｔｉｏntolooｋforabeｔterｏnｅisunconvｅｎtiｏnａｌ.Foryearsｅｘecｕtｉvｅsanｄheaｄhunteｒshaｖeadheｒedtｏtherulethattｈｅmosｔａt(yī)tractiveCＥOcandidａｔｅsaretheｏneｓwhomustbｅｐoａched.SaysKｏrn／ＦerryseniｏrpａｒｔｎｅrDennisCａrey:”Ｉcaｎ’tｔｈｉｎｋｏfasｉngｌeｓeａrchI’veｄoｎｅwheｒeａboardhasｎotiｎstｒuctedmetoｌookatsiｔtinｇCＥＯsｆirsｔ．”

Ｔｈｏseｗhojumpedｗithoｕtajoｂhaven’talｗayslａndeｄintｏppositｉｏｎsquickly.EｌlenMarrａmquiｔａscｈiｅfofTｒｏpicanaadeｃadeａge,sayinｇｓhewaｎtedｔobeａCEO.ＩtｗasaｙｅａrbefoｒesheｂeｃamehｅaｄoｆatinyIntｅｒneｔ-basｅｄｃommoditieseｘchange．RｏｂｅrtWillｕmstadleｆtＣitigrouｐｉn2023wｉtｈambitｉonstobeａCEO.Hｅfｉnallyｔｏｏkthａt(yī)ｐoｓtatａmａjorfinａｎciａliｎｓtiｔｕtioｎthreｅyeａrsｌater.Manｙｒecruiterssayｔheoｌdｄｉsgｒaｃｅisfadingfortopｐerforｍeｒs.Ｔhｅfinａncｉａlｃｒｉsishasｍａdｅitmorｅaｃcｅpｔａbleｔoｂｅbetweenjｏbｓｏrtｏleaveabadｏne.“Ｔhetraditioｎａｌrｕlewａsｉt’ｓsaferｔｏstaywhereyoｕare,butthaｔ’sｂeｅnｆundａmentaｌｌｙｉnverｔed,”saｙｓoｎｅｈeadhuｎter.“Ｔhepｅoplewho’veｂｅｅnｈuｒtｔheworsｔａｒｅｔhｏsewho’ｖeｓｔayedtoolonｇ．”26．WhenMcＧeeannouncedhisdｅpaｒｔure,hismannerｃanbestｂedescribeｄasｂeing［A]arｒogant．［B］ｆrank．[C]ｓelf-ceｎtered.［D]iｍｐulsivｅ.27．AｃｃorｄｉnｇtoPaｒａgraｐh２，sｅｎiｏreｘecutivｅs’quitｔingｍａybｅspｕrreｄbｙ[Ａ］theirｅxpecｔatioｎofbetterｆinａncialstａt(yī)us．[B］thｅiｒｎｅedｔorefｌectontheirprｉvatelife.[C]thｅirstrainedrelatioｎswiｔhtheｂｏaｒdｓ.[D］theirpｕrsuｉtofnｅｗcareergoaｌs．2８.Theｗord“poａｃhｅd”(Linｅ3，Paraｇraｐh４)ｍｏstｐｒobabｌymeans［A]apｐrｏvedof.[B］ａt(yī)tendedｔｏ.[C]hｕnｔｅdｆor.[D]guａrｄeｄagａｉnsｔ.29.Iｔcanbeinfeｒrｅdfrｏｍtheｌastparａgｒaｐｈtｈat[A]topperｆormeｒsuｓedｔocｌiｎgtotheirpoｓts.[B]ｌoyaltｙoｆｔopｐｅrfｏｒmersiｓgettingouｔ-dａt(yī)ed.[Ｃ]tｏpｐeｒforｍerｓcａｒemoreaboutreputationｓ.[D]ｉt’ssafertosticktotｈetｒａditiｏnaｌrｕｌes.3０.Wｈiｃhofｔhefollowiｎgistｈebｅｓtｔitleforthetext?[A]CＥOs:WheｒｅｔｏＧo?［B］CEOｓ:ＡlltheWａyＵp?[C］TopＭanageｒsJｕmpwｉｔhoｕtａNｅt[Ｄ]ThｅOnlyWａyOuｔforＴopPeｒformersTｅxt3Therougｈguidｅｔoｍａｒkeｔｉngｓuccｅsｓusedｔobethatyｏugotwhaｔyｏupaｉｄfｏr．Ｎoｌonｇeｒ.Whilｅtrａｄitional“paid”mｅdiａ–sｕchａｓtelevisｉoncｏmmerｃialｓａndpｒintadｖeｒtｉsements–ｓtillpｌayａmajｏｒｒoｌe，ｃompaｎｉestodaycanexploｉtmanｙalternａt(yī)iveｆｏrmsofmedia．Conｓumerspasｓionateaboｕtａｐroduｃｔmayｃreate“owned”mｅdｉａbｙsenｄinｇe-mａｉlａlertｓaｂｄucｔsanｄsaleｓtoｃustｏmersregｉｓteredｗｉthｉtsWebｓite.Tｈewayconsumｅrｓnｏwaｐproａcｈthｅｂroａｄrangeｏfｆactorｓbeyoｎｄｃonventioｎａｌｐａｉdmｅdia．Paidandownedmedｉaarecontrｏlleｄbymａrｋeｔeｒsprｏmｏｔingtheｉroｗducts．Ｆorｅaｒnedｍediａ,ｓuchmarkｅtersactastheｉｎitｉaｔorforuserｓ’responses.Ｂutｉnsomecａses,ｏｎｅｍａrkｅｔｅr’sownｅdmediａbeｃomeanotｈeｒmａrketeｒ’spaidmeｄiａ–foｒｉnsｔanｃｅ，ｗhｅnane-commｅrceｒeｔailｅrｓelｌsaｄspacｅｏnｉtｓWebsiｔｅ.Weｄefｉneｓｕchsoldmediaａsｏwnedｍeｄｉａｗｈosetrafficｉｓsosｔrongthaｔｏtherｏrgaｎizaｔｉonｓplacetheirｃoｎtentore-coｍmeｒｃeenginｅswithｉnthaｔｅｎｖironmeｎt．Ｔhistrend,whicｈwebelieｖeiｓsｔiｌliｎiｔsinfancy,effeｃtｉveｌybeganwｉｔhretaileｒｓaｎdtrａｖｅlprovｉderssuchａsairlinesandhｏteｌsandwilｌｎodoubtgofurther.Joｈnsoｎ＆Jｏhｎsｏn,fｏreｘampｌe,hasｃｒｅatｅdＢabyCeｎter,astａnｄ-ａloｎemediａprｏpeｒtyｔhatpｒomotｅscompｌeｍeｎtａryandeｖｅｎｃompetiｔiveproducｔs.Besidesgeｎeｒatinginｃome,thepｒｅseｎｃeofotherｍarｋetersｍａkｅsｔｈeｓiteseeｍobｊｅcｔive,gｉvesｃoｍpａniｅsopportuｎiｔieｓtoｌeaｒnvaｌuａｂleｉｎfｏrmatｉonａbouttheaｐpeａlofotｈpanies’marketing,andmayhelpexpａｎduｓertrａfｆicfｏｒallcｏｍpaniesｃoncerned．Thesaｍedraｍａt(yī)icｔｅｃｈnologiｃaｌchangesthatｈａveprｏvidedmarketeｒsｗithmｏre(ａndmoreｄivｅｒse)commuｎicationscｈｏicｅshavealｓoinｃrｅaseｄtｈeriｓkthatpasｓiｏｎateｃoｎsuｍerswiｌlvoicetheiｒopｉnionsinｑuicker,morｅｖiｓible,aｎdmuｃhmｏｒedａmaginｇwayｓ.Suｃhhijackedｍediaareｔheoｐposiｔeoｆearnedmedｉa:ａnassetoｒcaｍｐaiｇnbecomesｈostagetoconsuｍerｓ,otherｓtaｋehｏlderｓ,orａcｔivｉｓｔswｈomakenegaｔivｅaｌlegａt(yī)ionｓaｂoutabｒａnｄｏｒpｒｏduct.Memberｓｏfsoｃialｎetwｏrks,ｆoｒinｓtａnce,aｒelearniｎgtｈａt(yī)tｈeｙｃanｈijａckmｅdiaｔｏapplyｐresｓｕreｏｎtheｂusinesｓesthaｔoｒigiｎallyｃrｅａt(yī)edthem.Ｉfｔｈａt(yī)hａppｅns,passiｏnaｔeｃoｎｓumerswｏuｌdｔrｙtopersｕａｄeotheｒstoboｙｃottpｒoducts,pｕttingthｅreｐutatｉoｎofｔheｔａrｇetcompanyaｔriｓk．Insuchａcａsｅ,ｔhｅcoｍpany’sｒｅsponsｅｍayｎoｔbesuｆfｉciｅntlyquｉckoｒthoｕｇhｔｆｕl,ａｎdthelearningｃｕｒvehaｓbeensteep.ToyotaMotor,fｏrｅｘａmple,allｅviａt(yī)ｅdsomeｏfｔhｅdａmagefrｏｍｉtsrｅｃａlｌｃriｓiseａrｌiｅrtｈisyearwitharelativｅlｙqｕickandwelｌ-orcheｓtraｔｅdｓoｃｉａl-mｅdiaresｐoｎseｃampaign，wｈｉcｈincluｄedｅｆforｔstｏengagewithcoｎsumeｒsdｉrｅｃtlyonｓitｅssucｈasＴwittｅｒａndthesoｃiaｌ-newssiteＤigｇ.31．Consｕmeｒsｍaycrｅatｅ“earｎed”mediａwhenｔheyare［A]obscssｅdwithｏnlineshoｐpinｇａｔcertaｉnWebsｉtes.[B］inspｉrｅdｂyprｏduct－prｏmotinｇe－mａilsｓｅｎttｏｔｈem.［Ｃ]eａgertoｈｅlｐｔhｅirｆrｉendsｐromoｔequaｌityprｏductｓ.［D]ｅｎtｈusiasticａboutrecommｅｎdiｎgtｈeirfａvｏｒiｔepｒodｕctｓ.3２.AccordｉｎgtoPａrａgｒａph2，ｓoｌdmediafeａt(yī)uｒe［Ａ]aｓaｆｅbuｓineｓsｅｎvironment．[B]randoｍcｏmpeｔiｔiｏn.[C]strongｕsertrａffic．［D]fleｘibｉlｉｔyinoｒｇanｉzaｔion.３3.ThｅauthｏrindｉcatesinＰarａｇｒapｈ３thatearnedmｅdia［Ａ]inviteconstantｃoｎflictｓｗｉthｐassiｏｎateconｓumeｒs．[B］cａnbeusedtoproｄｕcenegativeeｆfecｔsinｍarｋeting.[C］maybｅrespｏnsibleforfｉercercompetitiｏn.[Ｄ]desｅrveallthenegativecｏｍmeｎtsaｂoｕtthem.３４.ToｙoｔaMotｏr’ｓｅxperieｎｃeiscitedasanexamplｅof[A]reｓｐonｄingeｆfectivelytoｈijackeｄmedia.［B]pｅrｓｕadinｇcｕsｔomeｒsｉｎtｏｂoycottinｇprｏductｓ.[C］coopeｒatingwｉｔhｓupporｔivｅｃｏnｓｕmers.[D]ｔakｉngadvａｎｔａgｅofhijackedmedia.35．Whｉchoｆｔhｅfolｌowingｉstｈetexｔmainlyabｏｕｔ?［A]Aｌternａt(yī)ｉvestocｏnｖentiｏnaｌpaiｄmediａ.［B]Conflictbetweeｎhijａckｅdandeａrnｅdmeｄia.［C]Ｄomiｎａncｅofhijackedmｅdia．[D]Poｐｕlａriｔyofｏwnｅdmeｄia.Text4It’snoｓｕrpriｓethａｔJｅnniferＳenｉor’sinsighｔful，prｏｖｏcaｔivemａgａzｉnｅcoveｒstｏｒy,“IlｏveMyChildren，IHateMyLｉｆe,”isａrouｓingmuｃｈcｈaｔter–nｏthiｎggetspeopletalｋｉngｌikｅthesuｇgestionthａt(yī)chｉｌdｒeaｒｉngｉsanｙｔｈinｇlessthanaｃｏmpletelyfuｌfilliｎg，ｌife-enriｃｈiｎｇｅxpｅｒiencｅ．Rａt(yī)ｈeｒthancoｎcludingthatｃｈildｒｅｎmakepaｒｅntseitｈｅrｈaｐpyormiｓerable,Ｓｅniorsuggestsweneeｄtoｒeｄefineｈａｐpｉnesｓ:iｎsteａdｏｆthｉnkiｎgoｆiｔassometｈinｇthaｔcａnbemeasuredbymoｍｅnt-to-momenｔｊoｙ,weshouldconsidｅrbｅiｎｇhapｐyａsaｐast-teｎsｅcondｉtion.Ｅveｎｔhougｈｔheｄaｙ-tｏ－dayeｘｐerienｃeofｒａiｓiｎｇkiｄscanbesｏｕl-cｒushinglyｈard,Sｅniorwriｔesｔｈat“theverythｉｎgｓthａt(yī)inthｅｍoｍｅntdampｅnourmoodscanlaterbesourcｅensｅgratificaｔionanddｅlighｔ.”ThemagaｚinｅcovｅrshowinganattracｔiｖeｍoｔherhoｌｄiｎgaｃｕｔebabyiｓhａrdｌｙthｅonlyMaｄoｎｎa-and-chｉｌdimageoｎneｗsstaｎdstｈisweｅｋ.Tｈｅｒeareaｌsｏstoriｅｓaboｕｔnｅwlyaｄｏptive–ａndnewlyｓingｌe–ｍoｍSａnｄraBullｏck,ａsｗellastheusuaｌ“ＪｅnniferAｎistonispregnａnt”news.Pｒacｔicallyeverｙweekfeatureｓaｔleastonecelebｒitymｏm,ormoｍ-ｔo－bｅ,smilinｇｏntｈeｎewsｓtanｄs.Ｉnasocietythatsopersistentlyceleｂrａｔｅsｐｒocreatｉon，ｉｓitanyｗonderthataｄmittingyourｅgｒethavingchｉldrｅniseｑｕivalｅnｔtoadmittingyｏusupportkｉtten-kｉlｌing?Ｉtdoｅｓn’tseｅmquｉteｆａir,tｈen，tocoｍparetｈeregｒetsofpaｒentstotheregretsofthechildren.Ｕnhａppｙparｅntsrarｅlyａｒeprovokedtｏwｏｎdｅｒｉftheyｓｈouldｎ’thavｅhadkids，ｂutunhappｙcｈildlｅssfolksarebotｈｅredwiththｅmessagｅthatｃｈilｄｒenａrethesinglemostｉmｐorｔａntthｉngintｈeworｌd:ｏbvｉｏuslｙtheirｍiｓerｙmustbeadirecｔｒesultｏｆtｈｅｇapingbａｂy-sizｅholesinthｅｉrｌiｖes.Oｆcourｓe，theimaｇeoｆparenthoodthatceleｂriｔymagazineslｉkeUｓＷeeklyanｄPeopleprｅsentiｓhuｇelyunrealistｉc，eｓpｅcｉallywhｅnthｅｐａrentｓａresinglemoｔheｒｓlikｅBuｌlock.Acｃordingtｏsevｅraｌstuｄｉeｓcｏｎcｌｕdｉｎgthatparｅntｓarelｅsshａｐpytｈancｈildleｓｓcｏuplｅs,sｉｎglepａrｅntsaｒethｅlｅasthaｐpｙｏｆalｌ.Ｎosｈockｔｈerｅ,conｓｉderiｎｇhowmuchworｋiｔisｔｏraisｅaｋidwithoｕtaparｔnertｏｌｅaｎon;yettohearSandrａandBｒiｔneｙteｌlｉt，ｒaisingakiｄonthｅｉr“oｗn”(read:ｗithround－ｔhe-cｌocｋhｅlｐ)isaｐｉeｃeｏfcａke.Ｉｔ’sharｄtoimａginｅthatｍanypeｏplearｅdumbenoughｔowａntｃhilｄrｅnjuｓtbｅcauseReｅｓeanｄＡnｇeliｎamakeitｌｏｏｋsoglａｍorｏus：ｍｏｓｔａdultsundｅrsｔandthatabａbyisnotaｈaircut.Butｉt’sinｔeresｔingtowonderifthｅimａgesweseeeveryweeｋofｓｔress-free,haｐpiness-enhaｎcingｐａｒenthｏodarｅn’ｔinsomｅｓｍaｌl，ｓubconsｃiouｓwayconｔribuｔinｇtoouｒoｗｎdｉｓsａt(yī)ｉsｆａctiｏｎswitｈｔhｅａctualexｐｅrｉenｃe,inthesamｅｗａythataｓmａlｌｐartｏfuｓｈopｅdｇetｔinｇ“theRaｃｈｅl”mｉｇhtmakeusｌookjｕｓtａlｉttlebｉtｌikeJenniferＡnｉston.３6.JenniferＳeｎiorsugｇｅstsiｎherartiｃlethａt(yī)ｒａisinｇａchiｌdcanbｒｉng[A]ｔemｐｏrarydelighｔ[B］enjoｙmeｎtiｎproｇrｅss[C]happiｎessinｒetroｓpect[Ｄ］lastｉngrewａrｄ37．ＷelearnfromParagraph2tｈaｔ[A]ｃeleｂrｉtymomsarｅａpｅrmａnentsoｕｒｃefoｒgossip.[B]sinｇlemotheｒｓｗithbabiesｄeservegrｅateratｔentioｎ．[C］newｓabouｔprｅｇnantcelebｒiｔiesiｓenteｒtaｉning．[D]havingchｉldrenishｉｇｈｌyvaluedbｙｔhepｕｂｌic．38．ItisｓuggeｓtｅｄinＰarａgｒaph3ｔhａt(yī)cｈｉldlessｆoｌks[A］areｃonstａｎｔlyexposeｄｔocｒiｔｉｃisｍ．［B]ａｒelaｒgelｙｉgｎoredbyｔhemedia.［C］failtｏfulfilltｈeiｒsoｃiaｌｒesｐｏｎsibｉｌitｉeｓ.［D]arelesｓlikｅlytobesaｔｉsfiｅdwiththeirliｆe.39．AccordinｇtｏPａrａｇrapｈ4,tｈemessageconvｅyedbｙcelｅbｒitｙmａgaziｎeｓis[Ａ］ｓoothing.［B]ambiguｏus.[C]coｍｐensatory.[D]mｉslｅａdiｎg.40.Whｉchoｆｔｈefollowingcanbeinferredfrｏmｔhelastｐａraｇｒapｈ？[A]Hａvingchildrenｃoｎtｒｉbuteslittletotheglamoｕroｆceｌｅbritymoms.[B］Ｃelebritymoｍｓhaveinfluｅncedｏuｒatｔitudｅtowａrｄｓcｈildreaｒing.[Ｃ]Havingchildrenｉnteｎsifiesoｕｒdissａt(yī)isfactionwithｌｉfe.[D]Ｗesoｍetiｍｅｓneglectｔhｅhappinessfroｍchｉｌｄrearｉng.ＰaｒｔＢDirectｉｏnｓ：Ｔhefolｌowｉngpａragrａｐhaｒegiveninawｒongｏrder.ＦoｒQuesｔions４1-4５，yｏuａreｒeqｕiredtｏｒeｏｒganizetｈeseｐａrａgraｐｈoacoｈｅｒenｔtextbｙchoosiｎgfrｏｍthelistＡ-Ｇｔｏｆillingtheminｔothｅnumberｅdboｘｅs.PａｒａgrapｈsＥａｎdGhavｅbeencoｒｒectlｙplaceｄ.MarkyouransweｒsonANSWERSHＥET1.(1０pｏｉnts)［Ａ]Nｏdisciplinｅsｈavesｅizedｏnprofｅssioｎalｉsmwiｔhasmuｃhenthusｉasmastｈehｕmanｉｔieｓ.Youcaｎ,MrMenandpoiｎｔｓout,ｂecameaｌawｙerｉnthrｅeｙｅarsandaｍｅdｉcaldoctorinfour．Buttｈｅｒeｇulartiｍeitｔakｅｓｔogeｔadoctｏraldegｒｅeinthｅhumanｉtieｓisnｉｎeyeaｒs．Notsurｐriｓinｇly，uptohalfoｆaｌｌdｏｃtoralstudentsinEngｌiｓhdropoutｂefｏregettｉnｇtｈｅirdegｒees.[B]Hｉsconｃernismａｉnlywiｔｈtheｈｕmanitiｅs：Literatuｒe,languages,pｈiｌosophyandsoon.Theseａredisｃｉplｉneｓtｈａt(yī)aｒegoｉngoutｏｆstyｌe:22%ofAmeriｃancollegegraduatｅsｎｏwmａjorｉｎbusinｅsscｏｍparedwithonly2%inhｉstoryａnｄ4%inEnglish.Ｈowever,ｍaｎylｅadingAmericaｎuniｖerｓitieswantthｅiruｎdeｒgradｕatestoｈａveａgrｏｕndｉｎginｔhebaｓiccanｏnofｉｄeａsthａt(yī)eｖeryeduｃateｄｐｅrsonｓhouldpoｓsｅs.Ｂutmｏstfinｄitdifficulttoagrｅｅoｎwhatａ“ｇenｅraledｕcaｔｉon”sｈoｕldlｏoｋlｉke.AtHａrvａrｄ,MｒＭenandｎoｔeｓ,“thegrｅａt(yī)bｏoksarereａｄbeｃａusｅｔheyhａvebeｅnread”－theｙformasortofsociａlglue.[C]Equaｌlｙuｎsuｒpriｓiｎｇly，onlyａbｏuthaｌfｅnduｐｆessorshipｓforwhichtｈeyenteｒｅdgｒadｕateschｏｏl.Ｔhereaｒｅsimplytｏoｆewposts.ThisｉspaｒtｌybｅcauseuｎｉｖersｉｔｉesｃonｔinuｅtoprｏduｃeｅｖｅrｍorePhDs.Bｕtfｅwｅrstｕdeｎtｓwaｎttostudyhumａnitieｓsｕｂjects：Englishdｅpaｒｔｍｅntsawardｅdmorebachelｏr’ｓdeｇrｅｅｓin１970-71ｔｈaｎthｅydid２0yearｓｌateｒ.Ｆｅwerstuｄｅntsrequireｓfewerteacｈeｒs．So,ａt(yī)theenｄoｆａdｅcadeｏftheseｓ-wｒiting，manyhｕｍanitiesstuｄｅnｔｓleavetheprofessｉｏntｏdosometｈingfｏrwｈicｈtｈeyhavenoｔbeeｎtrａinｅd.[D]OｎereasonwhyitiｓharｄtoｄeｓigｎanｄteaｃhsuｃhcoursesｉｓthattｈeycancutａｃrｏｓstheinsiｓtｅncebyｔopAmeriｃanuniｖｅrsitiｅsｔｈatlｉbeｒal-aｒtｓedｕcａt(yī)ionsａndｐｒofeｓsionａｌeｄucatｉoｎsｈoｕldbekeｐｔsｅpａｒate,ｔaughｔinｄifｆerenｔschools．Manyｓｔudeｎtｓexｐｅriｅｎcｅｂｏthvarｉｅｔies.AlthougｈmorethａnhalfofHarｖａrdｕnｄergraｄｕateｓendupinlaw,mｅdicｉneoｒbｕsｉness,futｕredoctｏｒｓandlawyersmｕsｔstuｄyanｏn－spｅｃialｉstlｉbｅｒaｌ-artsｄeｇreebefｏrｅembarｋinｇonaｐrofessiｏnalquａliｆicaｔｉon.［Ｅ］Besidesprofessionａliｚiｎgtheprofeｓsｉonsbythisｓeparａｔiｏn，topAｍeｒicanｕniverｓitieshavepｒｏｆeｓｓionaｌiｓedthepｒofessor.Ｔhegrowthinpｕblicmoneｙfoｒacademｉcrｅｓeaｒｃhhasｓpeededtheｐrocｅss:ｆｅderaｌreseａｒｃhgｒantsroｓefｏurfolｄｂｅｔween１9６0anｄ１99０，butfaｃultｙｔeachinghoｕrsfelｌbyｈalfasreseaｒｃhtｏoｋｉtstｏll.Proｆessiｏｎalisｍhasturnｅｄtheacquiｓitｉｏｎofadoctｏｒaldeｇreｅintoaｐrereｑｕisiteforasuccesｓfulacaｄeｍicｃareer:aslateas１969aｔhｉｒｄofＡｍeriｃａｎprofｅsｓorsdiｄnｏtｐｏssesｓｏne．Bｕｔthekeyｉdｅabｅｈiｎdprofessｉoｎalｉsation,arguｅsMrMenａnｄ,isｔhat“ｔｈｅｋｎｏwｌedgeaｎdｓｋiｌｌｓneedｅdfoｒapａｒtiｃularspeciaｌizaｔionarｅtransmissiｂlｅbutnottｒａnsferａbｌe．”Ｓodiscipliｎeｓacquireａmｏｎｏpolynｏtjusｔoｖerｔhｅprodｕｃtionoｆknowledgｅ,bｕtalsｏovertｈeｐｒｏduｃｔiｏnoｆｔｈｅprodｕcersoｆknowledgｅ.[F]Ｔｈekeｙtorefｏrmｉnｇｈigheｒeduｃatｉon,cｏnclｕdesMrMeｎaｎd,isｔoalterｔhewayinwｈiｃh“duｃｅrsｏfknoｗlｅdgeareproduced.”O(jiān)tｈerwｉｓe,ａcademicswilｌｃontinuｅtothiｎkdangeroｕｓlyaliｋe,incｒeasｉnglydｅtａchedfromtheｓocietiｅswhｉchｔheyｓtuｄy,investigatｅandcｒiｔｉcizｅ.”Acaｄemｉcinquiry，atlｅａstinsoｍefｉeｌds,mayneeｄｔobecoｍelｅsｓexcｌusｉonaryandmoreholiｓtic.”Yeｔqｕitｅhｏｗthatｈａｐpens，MrＭenanddｏｓenｏtsay.[G]ThesｕbtleaｎdｉｎtelligentliｔｔleｂｏｏkTheMaｒketplaceofIdｅａs:RefoｒmanｄReｓiｓtanceintｈeAｍericａnUnｉverｓitysｈｏuldbeｒeaｄbｙevｅryｓｔuｄentｔhinｋingofａppｌyingtotakｅadｏctoralｄegree.Theｙmaytｈｅｎdecidetogｏelsewhｅre.ＦoｒsomｅthingcuｒiouｓhaｓbeenhapｐeｎinginAmeriｃａnUniｖｅｒsities,aｎｄＬoｕisMenａnd，feｓsorofEnglｉshａt(yī)PartCDiｒecｔions:ReadｔhｅfolｌowinｇtexｔcarｅfullｙanｄthｅntranslａｔetheundeｒliｎｅdsegmｅntsintｏＣhineｓe．ＹｏurtraｎslatiｏnshouldｂeｗritｔenｃarefｕllｙoｎANＳＷＥＲSHEET2.(10pｏinｔs)Withitstｈｅmｅｔhat“Mindｉsthemasｔerweａver,”cｒeatingourinnerchａractｅrandouｔｅrcｉrcumstanｃｅｓ,theｂookＡｓaMaｎThinｋiｎgbyＪamｅsAｌlenisanin-ｄｅpthexploraｔioｎofｔhｅceｎtrａｌideaofselｆ－h(huán)ｅｌpwｒiｔing.（4６）Allｅn’scontributｉonwastｏtakeａnassuｍｐtｉonweallshare－thatbecausewearenotrobｏtｓwetherefｏrecｏntroloｕrthｏughts－andreｖealitseｒronｅoｕsnａt(yī)ｕre．Beｃａuｓemostofusbeｌｉｅvetｈaｔmiｎdisseｐaｒａt(yī)ｅfrommaｔｔeｒ,wethinkthatthoughｔscａnbｅhiｄdenａndｍaｄｅpowerｌｅss；ｔhisallowsustｏthinｋｏneｗayａndactanoｔher．Ｈoｗever,Aｌlenbelｉeｖedtｈattｈeunconscioｕsmindgｅnｅraｔeｓaｓｍuchactｉｏｎａｓｔheｃoｎsｃiousｍind，ａｎd(4７)whilewｅmａybeａblｅｔosustaintheilｌusｉonoｆｃontrｏlthroughtheconsciousmｉnｄalonｅ，inrｅalityweareｃontinuallｙfａceｄwitｈaｑuｅstｉｏn:“ＷｈycａnnotImaｋemyｓelfｄｏｔhisｏrachiｅｖｅthat?”Sinｃｅdｅsireandwillaｒedａmageｄbythepresｅｎceofthoｕghtsthatdonoｔaccoｒｄwitｈdeｓiｒe,Allｅnｃoｎcluｄed：“Wedｏnｏtaｔtｒａcｔwhatwewanｔ,butwｈatweare.”Achiｅvemｅntｈapｐensｂｅcauseyouaｓapersonembｏdyｔheｅxterｎａlaｃhievemenｔ;yｏudoｎ’ｔ“get”sucｃesｓbutbecｏmｅit．Therｅiｓnogapbetｗeeｎmindanｄｍatter．\ParｔｏfｔhｅfamｅofＡｌlen’sｂooｋｉｓitｓcｏnｔｅntiｏnｔhat“Circumstaｎcesdｏnｏtmａkｅaperｓｏn,ｔｈｅｙrevｅalhim．”(4８)Ｔhｉsｓeeｍｓaｊｕsｔificａt(yī)ionfornｅglｅｃtofthoｓeinnｅed,ａnｄarationalｉzａt(yī)iｏnofexploｉｔatｉｏn，ｏｆthｅｓｕpｅriｏrityｏfthｏｓｅatthetoｐaｎｄthｅiｎferiorｉtyofthoseａt(yī)thebottom.This,howevｅr，woｕｌdbeakneｅ-jeｒkreａctｉｏntoasｕbtleargｕmeｎｔ.Eａcｈsetoｆcｉrｃumｓtaｎces，ｈoweverbad,offｅrsauniquｅopportｕnityｆｏrgｒowｔｈ．Ifｃｉrcumｓtanｃeｓalｗaysdｅterｍｉnedtｈeｌifeaｎdpｒoｓpｅcｔsofpeoｐle,thenhumaniｔy

wouldｎevｅrhａveｐｒｏｇresｓed.

Ｉnfaｔ，(49）cirｃｕmstancｅsseeｍtobedesignｅdtｏbriｎｇoutｔhebｅsｔinusanｄifｗefｅeltｈatweｈavｅbｅen“wrｏｎged”thenweａｒeｕnlｉkｅｌytoｂｅgｉnacｏnsciouseｆfｏrttoeｓcapｅfrｏmouｒｓituａｔiｏｎ.Ｎevertheless，aｓａnybiograｐheｒknoｗｓ,apersoｎ’searlylifeａnｄitｓcondiｔionsareoftenｔhｅｇreatestgｉfttoaninｄiviｄuaｌ.ＴhｅｓｏberinｇaspectofＡｌlen’ｓbookisthａt(yī)weｈａvenoｏnｅelseｔoblａｍｅfｏrｏurpresentconditiｏnｅxｃｅｐtourｓeｌvｅｓ．(50)Theupsideｉｓtｈｅpｏｓsｉbiｌitieｓcoｎtａineｄiｎｋnowingｔhateveｒｙｔhｉｎgiｓuptous;wheｒebeｆoreｗewｅrｅexpｅrtsｉnｔhearｒayoflimitatiｏnｓ，ｎｏwwｅbｅcｏmeauｔhｏritｉeｓofwhatispoｓsiｂle.SｅctionⅢWritｉngPａrtA5１.Ｄirections:Wrｉteａlｅtｔｅrtoafriendofyouｒsto1)ｒecommendｏｎeofyouｒfavoriｔeｍoviesａｎｄ2）giｖeｒｅasｏnsｆｏryouｒrecｏmmｅndationＹouｒsｈouｌｄｗrｉteaｂout１００ｗordsonAＮSWＥRSHEEＴ２Donoｔsignｙouｒｏwｎnａｍeａt(yī)ｔｈeendｏftheleｔer．User“ＬIＭＩNG”instead.Dｏnotwｒitertheaddreｓs.（1０poinｔs)PａrtB５2．Ｄiｒeｃtiｏns:Wriｔｅａnessayof160---2０0wｏrdsbａseｄｏｎthｅfｏlｌowｉngｄrａｗｉng．Inyｏuressａy,yｏuｓhould1）desｃribethｅdrawinｇbｒｉefｌy,2)explainiｔ’siｎtendｅdmｅａning,aｎd3)giveyourｃoｍmeｎts.YｏurshoｕldwritｅnｅatlyonANSWERSＨEＥT2．(２０poinｔs)路程之“余”２02３年考研英語一真題答案及詳解ＳectionIUseofEnｇｌish1-5CDBBA6-1０BADCA11-15BCDCB16－2０DADAC1.C解析:語義邏輯題。第一句含義是“古希臘哲學家亞里士多德把笑看作是“有益于身體健康的寶貴鍛煉”，第二句意思是“但是

一些人提出相反的意見,輕笑也許對身體健康影響極小”，兩句之間是轉折關系，A、B、C、D四個選項中只有C選項表轉折“盡管”，故是對的選項。2.D解析：語義辨析題。上下文語境是“笑的確能

短期的改變”。A.rｅfｌect“反映”,B.dｅmand“規(guī)定”,C.ｉnｄiｃａt(yī)e“表白，暗示”，D．ｐroduce“產(chǎn)生”，只有Ｄ選項符合語境,所以是對的答案。3.B解析：語義搭配題。文中提到“笑可以

心律呼吸速率?！盇.stabilizing意思是“安定，穩(wěn)定”，Ｂ．ｂoosting“促進,推動”，C.impaiｒinｇ“損害，削弱”，Ｄ.dｅｔerminiｎg“決定”，根據(jù)語境應當是“笑可以促進心律呼吸速率”,B為對的答案。４.B解析：語義辨析題。這句話意思是“但是由于大笑很難

,一次狂笑不也許……”，四個選項的含義分別是A.tｒanｓmｉt“傳播”，B．ｓustain“維持”,C.evaluate“評估”,D.observe“觀測”,根據(jù)語境,只有Ｂ.ｓustaｉn符合語境。5.A解析：語義辨析題。這句話意思是“一次狂笑不也許像比如走路或者慢跑那樣對心血管功能產(chǎn)生

益處?！保?measuｒabｌｅ“重大的,重要的”,Ｂ．manaｇeablｅ“易控制的”，C.afforｄａble“承擔得起的”，D.ｒenewablｅ“可再生的”,四個選項中能和“益處”搭配的只有A．mｅａsurａｂlｅ,故是對的答案。6.B解析：邏輯分析題。第二段第一句是說“其他的鍛煉可以拉緊增強肌肉，很顯然笑確是起到了……作用”，對上文有承接尚有轉折的關系，A.Iｎtuｒn意思是“輪流”,C.Ｉｎａｄdｉｔion是“此外”，D.Ｉｎbrief意思是“簡而言之”,都不符合語境,只有B．Infact“事實上”符合上下文語境，是對的選項。7.A解析:語義邏輯題。第二段第二句的意思是說“笑可以放松肌肉，在狂笑平息之后45分鐘內會減少肌肉張力”，跟上文中的“其他的鍛煉可以拉緊增強肌肉”是相反的關系，所以A.oｐpoｓiｔｅ是對的選項。8.D解析：語義搭配題?？崭袂昂竺媸恰靶?/p>

肌肉”,A.hａrｄeｎs“使變硬”,B.weakens“減少”,Ｃ.ｔｉghｔens“是變緊”,D．relaｘes“放松”,由于上文提到了“其他的鍛煉可以拉緊增強肌肉,很顯然笑的確起到了相反的作用”?！袄o”的反義詞只有D.rｅlaｘｅs，故對的。9．Ｃ解析:語義搭配題。這句話的意思是“這樣的身體放松也許會幫助

心理緊張狀態(tài)的影響。”Ａ.aggravａt(yī)e“加劇,惡化”，B．generate“使形成,發(fā)生”,C.moderate“節(jié)制，減輕”，D.ｅｎｈance“增長”,根據(jù)上下文語境，只能是“減輕心理壓力”，故C是對的選項。1０.A解析:語義邏輯題。這句話的意思是“笑的行為畢竟也許會產(chǎn)生其他形式的

反饋來提高個體的情緒狀態(tài)?！逼渲刑岬健靶Φ男袨椤?它是一種身體上的行為,后面提到“其他

反饋”，應當是和“笑”相呼應的,故對的選項是Ａ。11.B解析:詞義辨析題。根據(jù)已知信息推測,應當是“根據(jù)一個經(jīng)典的情緒理論，……”Ａ.Ｅxcｅｐｔfoｒ表達“除了……”,它引出一個與前面的詞相反的因素或者事例;B．Accordingto“根據(jù),按照”，表達依據(jù)，后面常跟表達理論、思想之類的詞，是對的答案。C．Ｄｕｅtｏ“由于,由于”后面跟一般因素，D.Asｆor“至于,就……方面說”用以轉換話題和表現(xiàn)態(tài)度,故排除。12．C解析：固定搭配題。beｒooteｄin是固定詞組表達“來源于……”ｂerｏoｔed跟其它選項不搭配使用,故排除。１3.Ｄ解析:邏輯關系題。這句話的意思是“人們不會

他們傷心而哭，但當開始流淚時他們才變得傷心?！眰暮涂拗g是因果關系,所以答案應當是D．beｃａuse。1４．C解析:詞義辨析／語義