2021年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)試題(北京卷,含解析)

2021普通高學(xué)校招全國(guó)統(tǒng)考試英試題（京，解析）2021年一般等校國(guó)生一試北卷英

語(yǔ)本試卷共16頁(yè)，分考時(shí)長(zhǎng)分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無(wú)?？荚嚱K止后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第部：力白(三，分)第一節(jié)（共5小題每小題1.5，滿(mǎn)分分）聽(tīng)下面5段話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有秒鐘時(shí)來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)你將聽(tīng)一遍。例：Whatisthemangoingtoread?Anewspaper.Bmagazine.C．Abook.答案是A。1．Whenwillthefilmstart?A．At5:00.B．At6:00.C7:00.2．Whichclubthejoin?A．Thefilmclub.B．Thetravelclub.C．Thesportsclub.3．Whatwastheweatherlikeinthemountainsyesterday?A．Sunny.B．Windy.C．Snowy.4．WhatdoesthemanwanttocutoutofAfish.B．Abird.C．Amonkey.5．Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A．Inalibrary.B．Atbookstore.Camuseum.第二節(jié)（共10??；每小題1.5，分）聽(tīng)下面4段話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有5秒鐘時(shí)刻閱讀每小題。聽(tīng)完后，每小題將給出5秒的答時(shí)刻。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白你將聽(tīng)兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段料，回答第6至7題。/

．．6．Whydoesthewomanmakethecall?A．Tomakeaninvitation.B．Toaskforinformation.C．Todiscussaholidayplan.7．Howmuchdoesthewomanneedtofortheminibus?A．$50.B．$150.C．$350.聽(tīng)第7段材，回答第8至9題。8.Whatarethetwosperkersmainlytalkingabout?A.Electronicwaste.B.Soilpollution.C.Recylingbenefits.9.WhatdoesthewomandecidetodowithhercellphoneintheA.Throwitaway.B.Keepitathome.C.Sellittoberecycled.聽(tīng)第8段材，回答第10至12題10.Whatisthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwosperkers?A.Friends.B.Wifehusband.C.Businesspartners.11.Wheredoesthewomanworknow?A.Inaschool.B.Inrestaurant.C.Inaagency.12.Whatarethetwosperkersgoingtodo?A.Totakeatrip.B.Toacoffee.C.Toattendameeting.聽(tīng)第9段材，回答第13至15題13.WhathasbeenimprovedaccordingtotheA.Thetrainstation.B.Thebusservice.C.Theparkinglot.14.Howdoesthespeakergettoherofficetoday?A.Bybusandonfoot.B.BytrainandbyC.Bytrainandonfoot.15.WhoistheA.Areporter.B.Apoliceman.C.photographer.第三節(jié)（共5小；每小題1.5分共7.5）聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話(huà)，完成第16至20五小題，每小題僅填寫(xiě)一詞聽(tīng)對(duì)話(huà)前，你將有20秒鐘時(shí)刻閱讀試題，聽(tīng)完后你將有60秒的作答時(shí)刻。這段對(duì)話(huà)你將聽(tīng)兩遍。Pick-upAppointmentForm/

Item（物品）DestinationDeliveryTimetopickupPackingCustomer'sinformation

A16andsomemagazinesOverseasto17Air□Regular5:0018afternoonAmediumboxMr.Hudson1989Street,Chicago,20Tel:41597861-5CBCBA6-10BBACA11-15CBACA16.dictionary17.Italy18.Monday/Mon.19.Acket/ACKET20.15374第部：識(shí)用共節(jié)45分）第一節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空（共15小；每小題1分共15分從每題所給的A、B、D四選項(xiàng)中，選出能夠填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)黑。例：Itsonicetohearfromher________,welastmetmorethanyearsago.A.What’smore答案是。

B.That’stosayC.InotherwordsD.Believeornot21.Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,______reachthebooksonthetopshelf.A.mustB.shouldC.canD.need【答案】【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意Samuel我們班最高的男生，能專(zhuān)門(mén)輕松地夠著書(shū)架頂上的書(shū)。表示能力，用can。22.—Peter,pleasesendpostcardswe’llknowwhereyouhavevisited.—Noproblem.A.butB.orC.D.so【答案】【解析】考查連詞。上半句句意Peter請(qǐng)給我們寄明信片，因此我們就會(huì)明白你們?nèi)ツ挠瓮孢^(guò)。前后因果關(guān)系，用。23.Everyyear,______makesthemostbeautifulkitewinaprizeintheKiteFestival.A.whateverB.whoeverC.whomever/

D.whichever

【答案】【解析考查時(shí)態(tài)句意每年任何一個(gè)做出最漂亮的風(fēng)箏的人將會(huì)在風(fēng)箏節(jié)獲獎(jiǎng)_____makesthemostbeautifulkite是語(yǔ)從句，依照意思可知答案。24.—______thatcompanyseehowthinkofourproductyesterday?—Yes.Theyarehappywithit.A.DidyoucallB.HaveyoucalledC.WillyoucallD.Wereyoucalling【答案】【解析考查時(shí)態(tài)句意你昨有沒(méi)有給那家公司打

問(wèn)問(wèn)他們對(duì)我們的產(chǎn)品感受如何樣？發(fā)生在過(guò)去，用過(guò)去式，故選A。25.______birdsusetheirfeathersforflight,someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes.A.OnceB.IfC.AlthoughD.Because【答案】26.Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linednotknowing______shewasheading.A.whyB.whereC.D.when【答案】【解析】考查連詞。句意Jane漫目的地走在兩旁栽樹(shù)的街道上，不明白她將去往何方，依照意可知選B。27.Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheironline______theirvaluabletime.A.saveB.savingC.toD.saved【答案】【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：許多航空公司現(xiàn)在承諾乘客網(wǎng)上打印他們的登機(jī)牌來(lái)節(jié)約時(shí)。動(dòng)詞不定式表目的，選C。28.Ifyoudon’tunderstandsomething,youmayresearch,study,andtalktootherpeopleyoufigureitA.becauseB.C.untilD.since/

【答案】【解析】考查連詞。句意：假如你無(wú)法明白得某個(gè)東西，你可能會(huì)研究，學(xué)習(xí)和他人探討直到解決為止。依照句意可知選C。29.Inthe1950stheUSA,familieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones_______yet.A.haven’tC.hadn’tinvented【答案】

B.haven’tbeeninventedD.hadn’tbeen【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)意在國(guó)20世50年代的時(shí)候大多數(shù)的家庭家里只有一部同時(shí)無(wú)線

還全然沒(méi)有發(fā)明出來(lái)。依照句意可知用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除和C，情況發(fā)生在過(guò)去，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)，排除B，故選D。30.Thenationalparkhaslargecollectionofwildlife,_________butterfliestoelephants.A.rangingB.rangeC.torangeD.ranged【答案】31.Thelittleproblems______wemeetourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.A.thatB.asC.whereD.when【答案】【解析】考查關(guān)系詞。句意：我們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪杏龅降男?wèn)題可能確實(shí)是偉大發(fā)明的靈感。此是定語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少賓語(yǔ)，先行詞是，。32.Jimhasretired,buthestillrememberhappytime_______withhisstudents.A.tospendB.spendC.spendingD.spent【答案】【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意Jim差不多退休了，然而他依舊記得和學(xué)生一起度過(guò)的歡樂(lè)時(shí)刻句子差不多有謂語(yǔ)了，邏輯主語(yǔ)time和spend間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。33.People______betteraccesstohealthcareto,andthey’relivinglongerasaresult./

A.willhave

B.haveC.hadD.hadhad【答案】【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：人們有著比過(guò)去更好的醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)，因此他們更長(zhǎng)壽。與過(guò)去對(duì)比是在，而且后一句用的確實(shí)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，故前面也用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，故選。34.Ifthenewsafetysystem_______touse,theaccidentwouldneverhappened.A.hadbeenputB.wereputC.beputD.wouldbe【答案】35.Manypeoplewholivealongcoastmakealiving_______fishingindustry.A.at

B.inC.onD.by【答案】【解析】考查介詞。句意：許多住在海邊上的人差不多上靠漁業(yè)來(lái)謀生的。此處用介詞in。makeainfishingindustry“靠漁業(yè)謀生”。第二節(jié)完形填空（共20??；每小題，共30分）閱讀下面短文，把握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。HannahTaylorisaschoolgirlfromManitoba,Canada.Oneday,whenshefiveyearsold,shewaswalkingwithhermotherinWinnipeg.Theysawaman36outofagarbagecan.Sheaskedhermotherwhyhedidthatandhersaidthatthewashomelessandhungry.Hannahwasvery37.Shecouldn'tunderstandwhysomehadtolivetheirliveswithoutshelterorenoughfood.Hannahstartedtothinkabouthowshecould38,but,ofcourse,thereisnotalotonefive-year-oldcandotosolve(解)theproblemofhomelessness.Later,whenHannahattendedschool,shesawanotherhomelessperson.Itwasawoman,39anoldshoppingtrolley（購(gòu)物）whichpiledwith40.Itthateverythingthewomanownedwasinthem.ThisHannahverysad,andevenmore41todosomething.hadbeentalkingtohermotheraboutthelivesofpeople42theyfirstsawtheHermothertoldherthatshedidsomethingtothethatmadehersad,shewouldn/

t43asbad.HannahbegantospeakoutaboutthehomelessnessinManitobaandthenotherprovinces.Shehopedto44hermessageofhopeandawareness.ShestartedtheLadybugFoudation,anorganizationaimingatgettingridofShebeganto45“BigBosses”whereshewouldtrytopersuadelocalbusinessleadersto46tothecause.Shealsoorganizeda募)drivein“LadybugJarstocollecteveryone`ssparechangeduring“MakeChange”month.Morerecently,thefoundationbegan47calledNationalRedScarfDay—adaywhenpeopledonate$20andwearscarvesinsupportofCanada`s48andhomeless.ThereisanemergencyshelterinWinnipegcalledPlace”,somethingthatHannahisvery49of.Hannah`sPlaceisdividedintoseveralareas,providingshelterforpeoplewhenitissocoldthat50outdoorscanmeandeath.InyearssinceHannahbeganactivities,shehasreceivedlotof51.Forexample,shereceivedBRICKAwardrecognizingthe52ofyoungpeopletochangetheBut53allthis,Hannahstillhasthe54lifeofaWinnipegschoolgirl,shepaysregularvisitstohomelesspeople.Hannahisoneofmanyexamplesyoungpeoplewhoaremakinga55intheworld.Youcan,too!36.A.jumping37.A.annoyed38.A.behave39.A.pushing

B.eatingB.nervousB.manageB.carrying

C.cryingC.ashamedC.helpC.buying

D.wavingD.upsetD.workD.holding40.A.goods41.A.excited

B.bottlesB.determined

C.foodsC.energetic

D.bagsD.grateful42.A.since

B.unless

C.althoughD.as43.A.sound44.A.exchange45.A.sell46.A.contribute

B.getB.leaveB.deliverB.lead

C.feelC.keepC.hostC.apply

D.lookD.spreadD.packD.agree47.A.campaignB.C.procedure/

D.trial

48.A.elderly49.A.aware

B.hungryB.afraid

C.lonelyC.proud

D.sickD.sure50A.going

B.sleepingC.travelingD.playing51.A.praises

B.invitations

C.replies

D.appointments52.A.needs53.A.for

B.interestsB.through

C.dreamsD.effortsC.besidesD.along54.A.healthy55.A.choice

B.publicB.profit

C.normalC.judgement

D.toughD.difference【答案】36-40BDCAD

41-45BACDC46-50AABCB51-55ADBCD【解析】【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文講述HannahTaylor通自己的努力來(lái)建立公益組織籌集資金關(guān)心那些無(wú)家可忍饑挨餓的人。39.考查動(dòng)詞。pushing推；carrying拿；buying；D.holding握購(gòu)物車(chē)確信是推著的，故選A。40.考查名詞。goods

物資；bottles瓶；C.foods食；D.bags包。內(nèi)堆滿(mǎn)了包，選D。41.考查形容詞A.excited

興奮的B.determined下決心C.energetic力充沛的D.grateful感激的。她更加下定決心做些事關(guān)心這些人，故選B42.考查連詞。since一次看到無(wú)家可歸的人，選A。

自從；unless除；although管D.as因?yàn)?。此處是指自從他們?

43.考查動(dòng)詞。sound

聽(tīng)；獲；感D.看她就可不能和往常一樣感受那么糟糕了，故選C。44.考查動(dòng)詞。exchange交；leave離開(kāi)；C.keep保持；D.spread傳。她期望她的期望和意識(shí)的信息能夠傳播開(kāi)來(lái)。故選D。45.考查動(dòng)詞。由語(yǔ)境可知她期信息能夠傳播開(kāi)來(lái)spread傳播。46.考查動(dòng)詞。contribute奉獻(xiàn)，捐獻(xiàn)B.lead領(lǐng)導(dǎo)C.apply試圖勸說(shuō)那些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能為那個(gè)事業(yè)做出奉獻(xiàn)，選A

申請(qǐng)，應(yīng)用D.agree同意。47.考查名詞campaign運(yùn)B.trip故選A。

旅行C.procedure過(guò)程D.trial驗(yàn)。此處指又一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，48.考查形容詞A.elderly

年紀(jì)大的；B.hungry饑的；lonely孤的D.生病的。此處是指為那些饑餓的人和無(wú)家可歸的人，選B。49.考查形容詞A.aware意的B.可怕的C.proud自的D.sure確的。此處是Hannah非常自豪的東西，故選C。50.考查動(dòng)詞。going

去；sleeping睡C.traveling旅D.playing玩。天冷到在室外睡覺(jué)就意味著死的時(shí)候，故選B。51.考查名詞。praises頌；invitations請(qǐng)；C.回；D.appointments約。她收到了專(zhuān)門(mén)多的頌揚(yáng)。因?yàn)橄挛挠羞@方面的舉例，答案為A/

第部：讀白（兩，40分第一節(jié)（共15??；每小題分，30分閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂。AItwasacoldMarchinHighPoint,NorthCarolina.girlsontheWesleyanAcademysoftballwerewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbatpractice,stampingtheirfeettostaywarm,Eighth-graderTaylorBisbeeshivered(抖littleasshewatchedherParisWhiteplay.Thetwodidnotherwell—Taylorhadmovedtotownamonthorsobefore.Suddenly,Parisfelltotheground,“Paris’seyerolledback,”Taylorsays.“Shestartedshaking.Iknewitwasanemergency.Itcertainlywas,Parishadsufferedsuddenheartfailure.Withoutimmediatemedicalcare,Pariswoulddie.Atfirstnoonemoved.Thegirlswereinshock.Thenthesoftballcoachshoutedout,“Does”CPRisalife-savingtechnique.TodoCPR,youpressonthesickperson’schestsothatbloodmovesthroughthebodyandtakesoxygentoWithoutoxygenthebrainisdamagingquickly.Amazingly,TaylorjusttakenaCPRthedaybefore.Still,shehesitated.didnthinksheknewitwellenough.Butwhenoneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR,wasscary.Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath,”saysTaylor.Taylorswiftactionhelpedteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtdefibrillator,anelectronic器)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayedthem:Paris’heartbeatreturned./

“IknowIwasreallylucky,Parissays“Mostpeopledon’tsurvivethis.Myteamsavedmylife.”ExpertssayParisisright:Forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly.Today,Parisisbackonthesoftballteam.Taylorwillapplycollegesoon.Shewantstobeanurse.“Iconfidentinmyactionsnow,”Taylorsays.“IknowIcanactunderpressureinascarysituation.56.WhathappenedtoParisonaMarchday?A.Shecaughtabadcold.B.Shehadasuddenheartproblem.C.Shewasknockeddownbyaball.D.Sheshiveredterriblyduringpractice57.WhydoesParissayshewaslucky?A.Shemadeaworthyfriend.B.Sherecoveredfromshock.C.ShereceivedimmediateD.Shecamebackontheteam.58.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTaylor?A.Enthusiasticandkind.B.Courageousandcalm.C.Cooperativeandgenerous.D.Ambitiousandprofessional.【答案】5657C58B【解析】【語(yǔ)篇解讀】講述Bisbee通過(guò)及時(shí)的挽救了一位學(xué)生的生命。56.依照文章第三段Itcertainlywas,Parishadsufferedsuddenheartfailure.可答為。57.依照數(shù)第三段“Mostpeopledon’tsurvivethis.Myteamsavedmylife”知她被別人通過(guò)心臟復(fù)蘇救了回來(lái)，因此專(zhuān)門(mén)幸運(yùn)，選C。/

58.通過(guò)她救Paris這件可知她專(zhuān)門(mén)勇敢，專(zhuān)門(mén)冷靜，不慌不忙，故選B。youngminds!TOKNOWMagazineisabighitintheworldofchildrenpublishing,bringingauniquecombinationofchallengingideasandgoodfuntoyoungfanseverymonth.WhatWell,ithasorinsideinsteaditisjam-packedwithseriousideas.TOKNOWmakescomplextochildren,whocanbecomeinvolvedinadvancedandevenphilosophy（哲）—andtheywillsoondiscoverTOKNOWlikeaclubthanjusttoogoodtobetrue?

’sinside?introducesfreshnewwitharticles,experimentsthingstothemagazinephilosophyandmakeyoungreadersbalancedonlife.Takealookonline—evidenceshowsthatthousandsofteachersandparentsknowagoodthingwhentheyseeitandrecommendTOKNOWtotheirfriends.BirthdayAllWhatcouldbemorefunthanagiftthatkeepscomingthroughtheletterboxeverymonth?ThefirstmagazinewithyourgiftmessagewillarriveintimeforthespecialNOW□AnnualSubscriptionEurope￡55RestofWorld￡65□AnnualSubscriptionwithGiftPackIncludesaMammothMap,apassportPuzzleBooklet,andSubscriptionEurope￡60RestofWorld￡70Refund—thesubscriptioncanbecancelledwithinandyoucangetmoneyback.59.WhyisTOKNOWaspecialmagazine?A.ItentertainsyoungB.Itprovidesadvertisements.C.Itpublishespopularsciencefictions./

D.Itcombinesfunwithcomplexconcepts.60.WhatdoesTOKNOWofferreaders?A.Onlinecourses.B.Articlesontopics.C.Lecturesonabalancedlife.D.Reportsonscientificdiscoveries.61.Howmuchyoupayifyoua12-mouthsubscriptiontoTOKNOWwithgiftpackfromChina?A.￡55.B.￡60.C.￡65.D.￡70.62.SubscribersofTOKNOWwouldget.A.freebirthdaypresentsB.fullrefundwithin28daysC.membershipoftheTOKNOWclubD.chancestomeettheexpertsinperson【答案】59.D60.B61.D62.BC麻),whichoncekilledchildreneachyearanddisabledevenmore,wasnearlywipedoutintheUnited14yearsagotheuniversaluseoftheMMR疫)Butthediseaseismakingcomeback,causedbygrowinganti-vaccinemovementandmisinformationthatisspreadingquickly.Alreadythisyear,measlescaseshavereportedincomparedwith189foralloflastyear.Thenumbersmightsoundsmall,buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend.When/

vaccinationratesareveryhigh,astheystillareinthenationasawhole,protected.Thisiscalled”,protectsthepeoplewhogethurteasily,includingthosewhocan’tbevaccinatedformedicalreasons,tooyoungtogetvaccinatedandpeoplewhomthevaccinedoesn’twork.Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin.Whensomerefusevaccinationandseekafreeride,breaksdowneveryoneisinevenbiggerdanger.That’sexactlywhatishappeninginneighborhoodsaroundthecountryfromCounty,California,where22measlescasesreportedthismonth,Brooklyn,N.Y.,wherea17-year-oldcausedanoutbreaklastyear.Theresistancetovaccinehascontinuedfordecades,anditisdrivenbyrealbutverysmallrisk.Thosewhorefusetotakethatriskselfishlyotherssuffer.Makingthingsworsearestatelawsthatittooeasytoopt參)ofwhataresupposedtoberequiredvaccinesforallchildrenenteringkindergarten.Seventeenstatesallowparentstogetanexemption（免,sometimesjustbysigningapapersayingtheypersonallyobjecttoavaccine.Now,severalaretotightenlawsbyaddingnewregulationsoptingout.Butnoonedoestolimitexemptions.Parentsoughttobeabletooptoutonlyforlimitedmedicalorreligiousreasons.Butpersonalopinions?Notgoodenough.Everyoneenjoysthelife-savingvaccinesprovide,buttheyexistonlyaslongaseveryonesharesintherisks.63．Thefirsttwoparagraphssuggestthat____________.AsmallnumbermeaslescasescanstartadangeroustrendB．theoutbreakofmeaslesattractsthepublicattentionC．a(chǎn)nti-vaccinemovementhasitsmedicalreasonsD．informationaboutmeaslesspreadsquickly64．Herdimmunityworks____________.A．exemptionsareallowedB．severalvaccinesareusedtogetherC．thewholeneighborhoodisinvolvedin/

D．newregulationsareaddedtothestatelaws65．Whatisthemainreasonforcomebackofmeasles?A．Theoveruseofvaccine.B．Thelackofmedicalcare.C．ThefeaturesofmeaslesD．Thevaccineopt-outsofsomepeople.66．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Tointroducetheideaexemption.B．Todiscussmethodstocuremeasles.C．Tostresstheimportanceofvaccination.D．Toappealforequalrightsinmedicaltreatment.【答案】6364C65D66DHollywoodtheorythatmachinesevil()mindswilldrivearmiesofkillerisjustsilly.Therealproblemrelatesthepossibilitythatartificialintelligence(AI)maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.In1960awell-knownmathematicianNorbertWiener,whofoundedthefieldof（操論）,putitthis“Ifweuse,toachieveourpurposes,mechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationweeffectivelyinterfere(干預(yù)),wehadbetterbequitesurethattheputthemachineisthepurposewhichwereallydesire.”/

Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings:awishtopreserveitsownexistence.Forthethisqualityisnotnorisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans;italogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthemachinecannotachieveitspurposeifitisdead.Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingleinstructionoffetchingcoffee,itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecurebydisablingitsownofforevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask.Ifwearenotcareful,then,wecouldakindofglobalchessmatchagainstverydetermined,superintelligentmachineswhoseobjectivesconflictwithourown,withtheworldasthechessboard.Thepossibilityofenteringintoandsuchamatchshouldconcentratethemindsofcomputerscientists.Someresearchersarguethatwecansealmachinesinsidekindoffirewall,usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld.Unfortunately,thatplanseemsunlikelytowork:weyettoinventafirewallthatissecureagainstordinaryhumans,letalonesuperintelligentmachines.Solvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveinseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforarrivalofsuperintelligentmachines.Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand,asithasbeenbyAIresearchers.Somearguethathumansmachinescancoexistaslongastheyworkinteams—yetthatnotpossiblemachinessharethegoalsofhumans.Otherssaywecanjust“switchoff”asifsuperintelligentmachinesaretoostupidtothinkofpossibility.StillothersthinkthatsuperintelligentAIwillneverOnSeptember11,1933,famousphysicistErnestRutherfordstated,withconfidence,“Anyonewhoexpectsaofpowerinthetransformationoftheseatomsistalkingmoonshine.”However,onSeptember12,1933,physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutron-induced(中子誘)nuclearchainreaction.67.Paragraph1mainlytellsartificialintelligencemay.A.runoutofhumancontrolB.satisfyhuman’srealC.commandofkillerrobotsD.workfasterthanmathematician68.Machineswithspecificpurposesassociatedwiththingspartlymight/

beableto.A.preventthemselvesfrombeingdestroyedBachievetheiroriginalgoalsindependentlyC.doanythingsuccessfullywithgivenordersD.beathumansininternationalchessmatches69.Accordingtosomeresearchers,wecanusefirewallsto.A.helpsuperintelligentbetterB.besecureagainsthumanbeingsC.keepmachinesfrombeingharmedD.avoidrobots’affectingtheworld70.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthesafetyproblemofsuperintelligentmachines?A.ItwilldisappearwiththedevelopmentofAI.B.Itwillgetworsewithhumaninterference.C.Itwillbebutwithdifficulty.D.Itwillstayfora【答案】6768A69D70【解析】【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文要緊介紹了人工智能。69.依照第三段usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffectthereal可不要讓他們阻礙現(xiàn)實(shí)世界，故選D。70.依照最后一段SolvingthesafetyproblemenoughtomoveinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.可知作者認(rèn)為能夠解決然而專(zhuān)門(mén)困難，選C第二節(jié)（共5??；每小題2分，共10分/

依照短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為余外選。Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithina71Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.72Weknowthat,whileawake,freshmemoriesarebyreinforcing(加強(qiáng)connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepthatconnectionsbetweenneurons(神經(jīng)元)inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomfreshmemoriesthenextday.73Nowwehavethemostdirectyetthatheisright.74Thesynapsesintakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforeshowingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.IfTononi’stheoryisitwouldwhy,whenwemissanight`s,wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentrateandle