新教材高中英語UNITHEALTHYLIFESTYLESectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage基礎訓練含解析新人教版選擇性必修第三冊

PAGEPAGE9LearningAboutLanguageⅠ.單句語法填空1.WefirmlysupporttheAsian,AfricanandLatinAmericanpeopleintheirstruggleforliberation(liberate).2.Adisturbing(disturb)thoughtcrossedmymind.3.Ifyouhaveaspecificproblemthatrequiresspecialskills,youneedtohireaspecialist(special)whohasthoseskills.4.IknowhowbusyyoumustbeandnaturallyIwouldn’twanttotakeuptoomuchofyourtime.5.Forthesakeofyourhealth,youshouldkeeptakingexerciseandcutoutallfattyfoodsandsugarydrinks.6.Ifyouhaveanyproblems,pleasegetintouchwithanexperiencedconsultant(consult).7.Itissaidthatmorethantensurgeons(surgeon)areneededinthenewhospital.8.Lookingaround,theysawamanwithalittlegirlskipping(skip)alongbehindhim.9.Reportersshouldsticktoinvestigating(investigate)thefacts.10.Simply(simple)speaking,ablackholeiswhat’sleftafteralargestardies.11.Itmightbeagoodideatoshave(shave)offyourbeardbeforegoingtothecompanyfortheinterview.12.Hewentouttobuyapacketofcigarettes(cigarette).13.Acarwascomingtowardsthegirlquicklyandshewastoofrightenedbythesighttomove(move).14.Insuchanurgentsituation,Tomhadnochoicebuttoturntothestrangerforhelp.15.Beethovenisthemostfamousclassicalcomposer(compose)oftheWesternworld.Ⅱ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Todriveacarwithoutadriver’slicenseisillegalforyou.（it作形式主語）Itisillegalforyoutodriveacarwithoutadriver’slicense.2.It’snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpieces.（不定式作主語）Tousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesisnotreallyagoodidea.3.Withoutmotivation,youcan’tsetagoalorreachit.(neither…nor…)Withoutmotivation,youcanneithersetagoalnorreachit.4.Ifyoucanlearntousetimewisely,youcanmakethemostofeachday.（祈使句+and+陳述句）Learntousetimewisely,andyoucanmakethemostofeachday.5.IknowwhereIcanfindthatyoungman.（疑問詞+不定式）Iknowwheretofindthatyoungman.6.Johnisstilltooyoungandhasn’trealizedthatthereisaconnectionbetweeneducationandhisfuture.(too…to…)Johnisstilltooyoungtorealizethatthereisaconnectionbetweeneducationandhisfuture.7.Onebittermorning,thelittleboycameaboutanhourlateandscreamedwithpain.（非謂語動詞作狀語）Onebittermorning,thelittleboycameaboutanhourlate,screamingwithpain.8.Withsuchabusylife,itcanbehardtotryandfindthetimetoworkout.（不定式作主語）Withsuchabusylife,totryandfindthetimetoworkoutcanbehard.Ⅲ.完成句子1.只要有目標，任何時候開始學習都不會太遲。(too…to…)It’snevertoolatetolearnaslongasthegoalissetup.2.房間里放了一張新桌子，但它有點大，占了太多的地方。(takeup)Anewtablewasplacedintheroombutitwasalittlebigandtookuptoomuchroom.3.很明顯刪去這部分不會損害故事的連續(xù)性。(cutout)Itisobviousthatthispartcanbecutoutwithoutharmingthecontinuityofthestory.4.下定決心要贏的人永遠不會說“不可能”。(makeupone’smind)Themanwhohasmadeuphismindtowinwillneversay“impossible”.5.昨天，他查閱了字典中有關(guān)表達的解釋。(consultadictionary)Heconsultedadictionaryabouttheexplanationoftheexpressionyesterday.素養(yǎng)綜合練Ⅰ.閱讀理解（2020江西臨川一中檢測）PangHuiplacedafewmorepairsofchopsticksonthetableforafamilydinner,thoughshedidnotexpectherbigfamilyofsevenwouldusethemasservingchopsticks.Surprisingly,her75-year-oldfather,whousedtoshrugofftheideaofservingchopsticks,becameafirmsupporterthistime,saidPang,40,fromBeihai,acoastalcityofSouthChina’sGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion.Chinesepeopleoftensharedishes,anddinersusetheirownchopstickstoservethemselvesfoodfromtheshareddishes,atraditionnowbeingchallengedbytheoutbreakofCOVID-19.“Wefeelasenseofcrisisaswellastheurgetodesertouroldhabitswhenweseereportsoffamilyclusterinfection,”Pangsaid,pointingtothereportsofthevirusspreadingviaclosecontact.Localgovernmentsarehelpingtoencourageashift,too.OnFeb.13，2020，localauthoritiesofBeihaistartedacampaignpromotingservingchopsticksandspoons,whichwouldavoidcross-infectioncausedbytheuseofpersonalchopsticks.SimilarmeasureswerealsoadoptedinothercitieslikeBeijing,ShanghaiandHangzhou.TaizhouinEastChina’sJiangsuProvinceevenstandardizedthedesignsofservingchopsticksandspoonstohelpdinersdifferentiate（區(qū)分）themfrompersonalones.Thepracticeofeatingwildanimalshasbeentargetedbythegovernment,whichremainspresentincertainareas.Chinastoppedtheillegaltradingandtransportationofwildanimalsshortlyaftertheoutbreak.ThemovebecameapermanentbanonFeb.24,2020,whenthecountrymadeacountrymadeadecisiononthoroughlyprohibitingtheillegaltradingofwildlifeandtheconsumptionofwildanimals.LiBo,withtheHainanInternationalCenterforWildlifeProtection,saidthatwildanimalconsumptioncouldleadtothefasterextinctionofparticularspecies,damagetheecologicalbalanceandharmpeople’shealth.“Theepidemic（流行?。ヽouldbecomeaturningpointintheefforttoeliminatethebadhabit,”Lisaid.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutPangHui’sfamilyfromthetext?A.Thereareusuallymorethansevenpeoplediningtogether.B.Theyhavestartedtouseservingchopsticksattable.C.PangHui’sfatheropposesusingservingchopsticks.D.Theydon’tknowhowtoavoidbeinginfectedwiththevirus.2.Accordingtothetext,whathasbeendonebythegovernment?A.Thetraditionofsharingdisheshasbeenabandoned.B.Cross-infectionhasbeenprevented.C.Eatingwildanimalshasbeenforbidden.D.Standardpersonalchopstickshavebeenadopted.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eliminate”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Explain.B.Discover.C.Form.D.Remove.4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ServingChopsticksPromotedB.WaystoHelpPeopleStayHealthyC.TheOutbreakofCOVID-19LeadstoChangesD.ChinaBansTradinginWildlife答案：1.B解析：1.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述新型冠狀病毒肺炎疫情讓大家意識到傳統(tǒng)的家庭用餐方式可導致病毒傳播。另外，各地政府主張使用公筷，并且禁止食用、買賣或運輸野生動物?！久}立意】細節(jié)理解題?！窘忸}思路】根據(jù)文章第一段的內(nèi)容以及第二段中的“Surprisingly,her…becameafirmsupporterthistime”可知，他們一家已經(jīng)開始使用公筷，故選B。答案：2.C解析：2.【命題立意】細節(jié)理解題?！窘忸}思路】根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，政府已禁止食用野生動物，故選C。答案：3.D解析：3.【命題立意】詞義猜測題?！窘忸}思路】根據(jù)最后一段中的“LiBo…saidthatwildanimalconsumptioncouldleadtothefasterextinctionofparticularspecies,damagetheecologicalbalanceandharmpeople’shealth.”可知，LiBo認為食用野生動物會加速某些物種的滅絕，破壞生態(tài)平衡以及損害人們的健康，希望通過這次疫情能禁止人們食用野生動物。由此可以推斷出畫線詞所在句表示“這次流行病可能成為消除這個壞習慣的轉(zhuǎn)折點”，故選D。答案：4.C解析：4.【命題立意】主旨大意題?！窘忸}思路】本文主要講述新型冠狀病毒肺炎疫情讓大家意識到傳統(tǒng)的家庭用餐方式可導致病毒傳播。另外，各地政府主張使用公筷，并且禁止食用野生動物。由此可知文章的主題就是新型冠狀病毒肺炎疫情暴發(fā)帶來的變化，故選C。深度解析詞匯積累1.shrugoff對……不予理睬2.crisisn.危機3.desertvt.拋棄；舍棄4.targetvt.把……作為攻擊目標；把……作為批評的對象5.prohibitvt.禁止6.extinctionn.滅絕；消亡Ⅱ.語法填空A（2020安徽界首高二期末）Foodwasteisoneofthegreatest1(challenge)ofourtime,andfruitandvegetablesare2(especial)problematic,asabout52%ofthemgobadbeforereachingconsumers.ButoneMalaysiancompanyhascomeup3asimplesolutiontothisproblem-atinystickerthatkeepsfruitfromgoingbadforuptoweeks.You’veprobablyseenstickersonfruitbefore,butnotliketheones4(create)bytheMalaysiancompany.Thosecommonstickersareusedonlytoprovideconsumerswithinformationaboutthegrowersandhowthefruitwasgrown,butStixfreshhas5completelydifferentpurpose.It6(contain)somethingspecialandall-naturalthatslowsdowntheripening（成熟）process,keepingthefruitfreshandjuicyformuch7(long).TheStixfreshfounderZhafriZainudinsaidthathethoughtoftheideaforthestickersaftervisitingafriend8ranafruitstore.Themanwasworriedaboutlosingmoneyeverydaybecauseofbadfruit,butheknewthattherewasnowaytostopnaturefromtaking9(it)course.TheMalaysianbusinessmanworkedwithmanyuniversities10(develop)andtesthissticker.Atfirst,Stixfreshstickerswereonlyusedtolengthentheshelflifeofmangoes,butthecompanylaterworkedonotherfruits,likethedragonfruit,thestarfruit,applesandpears...9.10.答案：1.challenges解析：1.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一家馬來西亞公司用一個小貼紙讓水果在幾周內(nèi)不變質(zhì)?？疾槊~復數(shù)。oneof后面用可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式。答案：2.especially解析：2.考查副詞。修飾形容詞problematic需要用副詞形式。答案：3.with解析：3.考查介詞。comeupwith提出，為固定短語。答案：4.created解析：4.考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)by可知表被動，這里用過去分詞短語作定語，修飾代詞ones。答案：5.a解析：5.考查冠詞。此處用不定冠詞表泛指，意為“一，一個”。答案：6.contains解析：6.考查動詞時態(tài)及主謂一致。根據(jù)上下文可知，此處是一般現(xiàn)在時，且主語It是單數(shù)，所以填contains。答案：7.longer解析：7.考查形容詞比較級。根據(jù)空前的much可知，此處用比較級。答案：8.who/that解析：8.考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。設空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞afriend，指代人，在從句中作主語。答案：9.its解析：9.考查代詞。此處用形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞course。答案：10.todevelop解析：10.考查非謂語動詞。此處用動詞不定式作目的狀語。B（2020山西運城高二期末調(diào)研測試）Organicfoodisverypopularthesedays,butcanalsobeveryexpensive.Parentsofyoungchildren,andevensomepetowners,willpayhighprices1organicfood.Butmanyothersthinkorganicfoodisjust2wasteofmoney.Thereisonemain3(differ)betweenorganicandnon-organicfood.Organicfarmsdonotuseagriculturalchemicalssuchaspesticidesthatstopinsectsfromdamagingcrops.Inmany4(country),foodsthatareclaimedtobeorganicmusthavespeciallabelsthatguaranteethey5(grow)organically.Somepeoplethinkorganicfoodalsomeans“l(fā)ocallygrown”,and6(original)thiswastrue.Atfirst,onlysmallcompaniesproducedtheseproducts.Butlater,bigfoodcompaniesalsobegansellingorganicproducts.Smallorganicfoodcompaniesfounditdifficult7(compete)withthesebigcompan