2022年全國新高考I卷高考英語試卷真題答案及知識點詳解（深度解讀）

絕密★啟用前試卷類型：A2022年高考英語真題深度解讀（新高考全國卷I）本試卷共10頁，滿分120分?？荚囉脮r120分鐘。注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務必用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名、考生號、考場號和座位號填寫在答題卡上。用2B鉛筆將試卷類型（A）填涂在答題卡相應位置上。將條形碼橫貼在答題卡右上角“條形碼粘貼處”。因筆試不考聽力，選擇題從第二部分的“閱讀”開始，試題序號從“21”開始。2.作答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目選項的答案信息點涂黑；如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案不能答在試卷上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內相應位置上；如需改動，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案；不準使用鉛筆和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案無效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔：考試結束后，將試卷和答題卡一并交回。第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AGradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.Essays（60%）Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%GroupAssignments（30%）Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignments（作業(yè)）duringthecourse.AlltheassignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework（10%）Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytocompleteshortin-classwritingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass'lecture/discussion,soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.Additionally,fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupworktobecompletedinclassorshortassignmentstobecompletedathome,bothofwhichwillbegraded.LateWorkAnessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook. B.Anexampaper. C.Acourseplan. D.Anacademicarticle.22.Howmanypartsisastudent'sfinalgrademadeupof?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.23.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?A.Youwillreceiveazero. B.Youwilllosealettergrade.C.Youwillbegivenatest. D.Youwillhavetorewriteit.語篇解讀主旨概要本文是一篇應用文。介紹了文學概論課程評分辦法。語言知識詞匯默寫1.policy 2.introduction 3.literature4.scale 5.essay 6.combine7.assignment 8.submit 9.vary10.additionally 11.excuse 12.absence詞匯答案1.policy n.

政策；方針 2.introductionn.

介紹；引進；序言；導論 3.literaturen.

文學；文獻；<口>印刷品4.scalen.

刻度；等級，規(guī)模；音階；量程；天枰，磅秤；鱗片，鱗狀物v.

攀登；按比例決定；稱重；刮鱗；剝落 5.essay n.

論文；短評；散文；試圖vt.

嘗試 6.combinev.

聯合；使結合；結合n.

集團；聯合收割機；聯合企業(yè)7.assignmentn.

分配；任務；功課；委派；被指定的(課外)作業(yè);(分派的)任務 8.submitvt.

使服從；使屈服；提交；遞交；認為vi.

屈從 9.varyv.

改變；變化；使多樣化10.additionallyadv.

另外；同時；此外 11.excusevt.

原諒；辯解n.

理由；辯解；借口 12.absencen.

缺席；缺乏重點短語1.fromtimetotime不時地；偶爾2.ontheduedate在到期日3.turnin上交4.asaresultof(作)為…的結果長難句分析Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytocompleteshortin-classwritingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass'lecture/discussion,soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.句意為：課堂活動每天都會有所不同，但學生必須準備好完成課堂短文寫作或測試，這些測試直接從指定閱讀材料或前一節(jié)課的講座/討論筆記中所提取，因此在課堂上認真記筆記很重要。句型分析：這是一個并列句，but前面是一個簡單句“Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday”，but后面是一個復合句，其中由“so”引導的結果狀語從句?！敬鸢概c解析】21【答案】C 推理判斷題。此題考查文章來源，根據文章標題“GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature(文學概論課程評分辦法)”和下面的小黑體標題Essays(60%)，GroupAssignments(30%)，DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)，LateWork（作文（60%）、小組作業(yè)（30%）、日常作業(yè)/課堂寫作和測試/小組作業(yè)/家庭作業(yè)（10%）、遲到作業(yè)）可知，文章介紹了文學概論課程評分辦法，可得出本文是出自一個課程計劃。故選C項。22【答案】B 細節(jié)理解題。根據小黑體標題Essays(60%)，GroupAssignments(30%)，DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)，LateWork——作文（60%）、小組作業(yè)（30%）、日常作業(yè)/課堂寫作和測試/小組作業(yè)/家庭作業(yè)（10%），可知學生的最終成績由3部分組成。故選B項。23【答案】A 推理判斷題。根據題干關鍵詞“aftertheduedate”定位到原文“LateWork”部分“Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.(如果沒有在截止日期后的第4天上交，將會得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你將會得零分。選項中的“receiveazero”和原文中的“earnazero”是同義轉換。故選A項。BLikemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula（芝麻菜）wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,"foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,"asElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth'scoverstory.It'sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway—from“ugly"（butquiteeatable）vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,"iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld."Ifthat'shardtounderstand,let'skeepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmyrefrigerator.MikeCurtinseesmyarugulastoryallthetime—butforhim,it'smorelike12bonesofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlastdays.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington,D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished（有瑕疵的）producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.Suchmethodsseemobvious,yetsooftenwejustdon'tthink."Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon'teat,"Curtinsays.24.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste. B.Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat. D.Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.25.Whatisaconsequenceoffoodwasteaccordingtothetest?A.Moraldecline. B.Environmentalharm.C.Energyshortage. D.Worldwidestarvation.26.WhatdoesCurtin'scompanydo?A.Itproduceskitchenequipment. B.Itturnsrottenarugulaintocleanfuel.C.Ithelpslocalfarmersgrowfruits D.Itmakesmealsoutofunwantedfood.27.WhatdoesCurtinsuggestpeopledo?A.Buyonlywhatisneeded. B.Reducefoodconsumption.C.Goshoppingonceaweek. D.Eatinrestaurantslessoften.語篇解讀主旨概要本文是一篇說明文。介紹了日常生活中的食物浪費現象以及華盛頓DC中央廚房的首席執(zhí)行官科廷為解決食物浪費而采取的努力。原文出處來源于2016年3月國家地理雜志。語言知識詞匯默寫1.stuck 2.freezer 3.unthinkingly4.moral 5.jaw-dropping 6.reject7.grocer 8.resource 9.donated10.recover 11.rot 12.obvious13.unintentionally 14.decline 15.shortage16.starvation 17.equipment 18.consumption詞匯答案1.stickn.

手杖；枝；桿vt.

刺入；插于；豎起vi.

釘住；堅持，遵守；粘貼；生效，起作用2.freezern.

冰箱；冷凍室3.unthinkingly輕率地4.moraladj.

道德的；精神上的n.

寓意；道德；品行；倫理5.jaw-droppingadj.

使人十分驚奇的；驚人的6.rejectvt.

拒絕；排斥；駁回；丟棄n.

不合格產品；被拒之人7.grocern.

食品雜貨商；雜貨店8.resourcen.

資源；機敏；才略；寄托；消遣9.donatedv.

(動詞)捐獻（器官），捐贈，贈給，送，贈送10.recoverv.

恢復；復原；重獲11.rotn.

腐爛；腐蝕；敗壞；胡話v.

腐爛；使...枯朽；消瘦12.obviousadj.

明顯的；顯然的13.unintentionallyadv.

非故意地14.declinev.

下降；減少；變弱；拒絕；傾斜n.

衰微；跌落；晚年15.shortagen.

不足；缺少，短缺16.starvationn.

餓死；饑餓17.equipmentn.

設備；裝備；器材18.consumptionn.

消費；消耗；肺癆重點短語1.bemindfulof注意,留心,不忘卻2.roundout偏心距;完成;舍入;發(fā)胖;3.endupdoing最終成為;做完某事;結束;4.asdayspassed日子一天天過去5.gobad變壞；變酸；腐敗6.evenworse跟糟糕的是7.threwout扔掉8.takedonations接受捐贈9.sidedish配菜長難句分析1.Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.句意為：生產無人食用的食物會浪費水、燃料和其他用于種植的資源。句型分析：此句是復合句，主句“Producingfoodwastesthewater,fuel,andotherresources”為主謂賓結構，“thatnooneeats”是定語從句，修飾前面的名詞“food”；“usedtogrowit”過去分詞做后置定語，修飾“otherresources”。2.Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon’teat.句意為：每個人都可以在減少浪費方面發(fā)揮作用，無論是在每周購物時不購買超過需要的食物，還是要求餐廳不要提供你不會吃的配菜。句型分析：此句為簡單句，其中“whetherbydoingorbydoing”屬于whether加介詞短語的結構，表示一種選擇?！敬鸢概c解析】24【答案】B 推理判斷題。根據題干關鍵詞“thearugulastory”可定位到原文的第一段。由“Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.(像我們大多數人一樣，我努力關注那些被浪費的食物)”以及“Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;couldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.(但隨著時間的推移，芝麻菜變壞了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地買了太多東西；我扔掉的東西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通過講述芝麻菜的故事來表明我們有時會無意間浪費食物。選項中的“wastefoodunintentionally”和原文中的“unthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch”是同義轉換。故選B。25【答案】B 細節(jié)理解題。根據題干關鍵詞“foodwaste”可定位到原文第三段。第三段“Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andother,resourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,“iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.”(生產沒人吃的食物會浪費用于種植食物的水、燃料和其他資源。這使得食物浪費成為一個環(huán)境問題。事實上，羅伊特寫道，“如果食物浪費是一個國家，它將是世界上第三大溫室氣體排放國?！?”可知，根據文中的說法，浪費食物的一個后果是對環(huán)境有危害。選項中的“Environmentalharm”和原文“makesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem”是同義轉換。故選B。26【答案】D 細節(jié)理解題。根據題干關鍵詞“Curtin’scompany”可定位到原文倒數第二段。根據“CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington.D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished(有瑕疵的)produce,thatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.(科廷是華盛頓DC中央廚房的首席執(zhí)行官，該公司把食物復原，變成健康的食物。去年，該組織通過接受捐贈和收集有瑕疵的農產品，收回了超過807500磅的食物，否則這些農產品就會在地里腐爛。至于草莓呢？志愿者們將清洗、切割、冷凍或干燥它們，以便在路上的餐食中使用)”可知，DCCentralKitchen是回收食物并將其轉化為健康的膳食的一家公司。選項中的“makesmealsoutofunwantedfood”是原文中的“recoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals”的同義轉換。故選D。27【答案】A 細節(jié)理解題。根據題干關鍵詞“Curtin”可定位到原文最后一段Curtin說的話。根據““Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon’teat,”Curtinsays.(“每個人都可以在減少浪費方面發(fā)揮作用，無論是在每周的購物中不購買不必要的食物，還是要求餐館不包括你不吃的配菜，”科廷說)”可知，科廷建議人們只買需要的東西來避免浪費食物。選項中的“Buyonlywhatisneeded”是原文中的“notpurchasingmorefoodthannecessary”同義轉換。故選A。CTheelderlyresidents（居民）incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善組織）toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople'swellbeing,Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:“IusedtokeephenswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool."Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthereagainatnighttoseethey'vegonetobed."It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful."Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:"Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere."LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities."28.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes. B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch. D.Topromotetheelderlypeople'swelfare.29.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills. B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory. D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"embarkon"meaninparagraph7?A.Improve. B.Oppose. C.Begin. D.Evaluate.31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Itiswellreceived. B.Itneedstobemorecreative.C.Itishighlyprofitable. D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.語篇解讀主旨概要本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了旨在減少孤獨，改善老年人的健康狀況的項目。原文出處來源幫助老年人的一個公益網站，該機構提倡解決老年人孤獨的問題。語言知識詞匯默寫1.resident 2.charity 3.loneliness4.wellbeing 5.dementia 6.staff7.reduction 8.financial 9.support10.session 11.benefit 12.Shared13.harmony 14.Promote 15.Wfitable詞匯答案1.residentn.

居民；住客；住院醫(yī)生adj.

居住的2.charityn.

慈善；寬厚；慈善機關(團體)；仁慈3.lonelinessn.

孤獨；寂寞4.wellbeingn.

幸福，康寧，安寧；健康；福利5.dementian.

癡呆6.staffn.

員工；全體人員；拐杖；棒；7.reductionn.

減少；降低；減價；(化學)還原反應；(數學)約分8.financialadj.

金融的；財政的；<非正式>有錢的9.supportvt.

支持；承受；支撐；供養(yǎng)；資助；證實；支援；擔任演出嘉賓n.

支持；支撐；援助；供養(yǎng)；依據；助演嘉賓10.sessionn.

會議；會期；開庭期；學期；一段時間11.benefitn.

利益；津貼；義演；保險金；借助vt.

有益于；得益12.sharedadj.

共享的；共用的13.harmonyn.

和諧；協(xié)調；調和；和聲14.Promotevt.

促進；提升；升遷；發(fā)起；促銷，推銷15.Welfaren.

福利；福利事業(yè)；幸福16.profitableadj.

有益的；有利可圖的重點短語1.carehome護理院2.bedreamedupby是······的創(chuàng)意3.rollitout推廣長難句分析Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.句意為：目前，東北部20家養(yǎng)老院有700名老年人在照顧母雞，該慈善機構已獲得財政支持，將其推廣到全國。句型分析：此句為“and”連接的并列句，“l(fā)ookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast”為后置定語，修飾“people”;“and”后是一個簡單句，使用了被動語態(tài)?！敬鸢概c解析】28【答案】D 推理判斷題。根據題干關鍵詞“theproject”定位到原文第二段。根據“Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善組織)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing(該項目是當地一家慈善機構的創(chuàng)意，旨在減少孤獨，改善老年人的健康狀況)”可知，這個項目的目的是為了提高老年人的幸福。選項中的“promotetheelderlypeople’swelfare”是原文中的“reducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing”同義轉換。故選D。29【答案】B 推理判斷題。根據題干關鍵詞“RuthXavier”定位到文章第五段。根據““It’sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I’menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.”(有不同的關注點很好。人們把自己的孩子帶進來看母雞，居民們也來外面坐著看它們。我喜歡創(chuàng)造性的活動，做一些有用的事情的感覺很好)”可推知，RuthXavier通過該項目獲得了一種成就感。選項中的“gainedasenseofachievement”是原文中的“itfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful”的同義轉換。故選B。30【答案】C 詞義猜測題。根據題干關鍵詞“embarkon”定位到文章倒數第二段。根據“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.(居民們非常歡迎該項目的想法和創(chuàng)意會議。我們期待這個項目能給這里的人們帶來好處和樂趣)”以及劃線處前的“oneofthefirst(第一批人之一)”可知WendyWilson是著手這項工程的人之一，劃線處的含義與C項：“Begin(開始)”含義相近。故選C。31【答案】A 推理判斷題。根據題干關鍵信息“thelasttwoparagraphs”定位到原文最后兩段。根據文章倒數第二段“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.(居民們非常歡迎該項目想法和創(chuàng)意會議。我們期待這個項目能給這里的人們帶來好處和樂趣)”以及最后一段“LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”(“諾丁山路徑”的負責人林恩·劉易斯說:我們很高興能參與這個項目。它將通過共同的興趣和創(chuàng)造性活動真正幫助我們的居民聯系起來)”可知，該項目的反響很好。選項中的“Itiswellreceived”是原文中的“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.”的歸納總結。故選A。DHumanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon"m"and"a"totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas"f"and"v",weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned（對齊）,makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure（結構）,makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn'tgrowtobesolarge.AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof"f"and"v"increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,"saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamiánBlasi'sresearchfocuson?A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.語篇解讀主旨概要本篇是一篇說明文。主要介紹因為飲食的改變導致了現在從世界上一半的語言中發(fā)現了新的語音。原文出處選自2019年3月新科學家雜志。語言知識詞匯默寫1.contain 2.click 3.ground-breaking4.diet-related 5.scholar 6.note7.arise 8.overbite 9.confirm10.remarkably 11.hunter-gatherer 12.overturn13.evolve 14.appearance 15.variety16.distribution 17.conveniently 18.structure19.evidence 20.potential 21.cess 23.complex 24.dynamic詞匯答案1.containvt.

容納；包含；抑制；克制vi.

自制2.clickn.

咔嗒聲；[計]點擊v.

（使）發(fā)出咔嗒聲；點擊3.ground-breakingadj.

具有開拓性的4.diet-related和飲食相關的5.scholarn.

學者；獲獎學金的學生6.noten.

筆記；便條；紙幣；音符；票據；注解；音調vt.

注意；記錄；注解7.arisevi.

出現；升起；上升；發(fā)生；起來8.overbiten.

[醫(yī)](牙齒)覆咬合9.confirmv.

證實；批準；確定10.remarkablyadv.

顯著突出地；出乎意外地11.hunter-gatherern.

捕獵者-采集者12.overturnv.

翻倒；推翻；顛覆n.

傾覆；打翻13.evolvev.

(使)逐步形成；(使)逐步演變；進化14.appearancen.

出現；露面；外貌；外表；出場15.varietyn.

多樣；種類；多樣化n.

雜耍16.distributionn.

分布；分發(fā)；分配；散布；銷售量17.convenientlyadv.

方便地；合宜地18.Structuren.

結構；構造；建筑物vt.

構造；建造；組織19.evidencen.

證據；證詞；根據；跡象v.

證明；證實20.potentialadj.

潛在的；可能的n.

潛力；潛能n.

電位；電勢21.reasonableadj.

合理的；通情達理的；公平適度的22.processn.

工序；過程v.

加工；處理；起訴；列隊前進23.complexadj.

復雜的；合成的；復合的n.

綜合體；復合體；[醫(yī)]綜合癥狀；[心]情結24.dynamicadj.

動力的；動態(tài)的；有活力的；【音】力度變化的n.

動力；動力學重點短語1.leadto導致2.remainstable保持穩(wěn)定長難句分析1.Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.句意為：一項為期五年的突破性研究表明，與飲食相關的人類咬東西的變化導致了新的語音，目前世界上一半的語言都有這種語音。句型分析：此句為復合句，其中主句為“Astudyshowsthat”，其中賓語從句“diet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages”作謂語動詞“show”的賓語。2.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.句意為：30多年前，學者查爾斯·霍克特（CharlesHockett）指出，被稱為唇齒音，如“f”和“v”，在吃較軟食物的社會的語言中更為常見。句型分析：此句為復合句，主句為“thescholarnotedthat”，賓語從句為“speechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods”作“note”的賓語。3.Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(對齊),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.句意為：他們發(fā)現，古代人類成人的上下門牙是對齊的，因此很難產生唇齒，唇齒是由下唇接觸上牙形成的。句型分析：此句為復合句，主句為“Theydiscoveredthat”，賓語從句“theupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(對齊),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth”作“discovered”的賓語。4.AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.句意為：對語言數據庫的分析還證實，新石器時代之后，世界語言的聲音發(fā)生了全球變化，“f”和“v”的使用在過去幾千年中顯著增加。句型分析：此句為復合句，主句為“Analysesconfirmedthat”，賓語從句“therewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears”作“confirm”的賓語，其中“withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears”作伴隨狀語。5.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.句意為：這項研究推翻了一種流行的觀點，即人類在大約30萬年前進化時，所有的語音都存在。句型分析：此句為復合句，主句為“Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularview”。同位語從句“allhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago”和“view”是互為同位語。6.Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution.句意為：自人類出現以來，我們使用的語音并不一定保持穩(wěn)定，但我們今天發(fā)現的各種語音是生物變化和文化進化等復雜相互作用的產物。句型分析：此句為并列句，“but”前面是一個含有定語從句的復合句，定語從句“weuse”修飾前面先行詞“speechsounds”；“but”后面也是一個含有定語從句的復合句，定語從句“thatwefindtoday”修飾前面先行詞“speechsounds”?！敬鸢概c解析】32【答案】D 細節(jié)理解題。根據題干關鍵詞DamianBlasi,定位到文章第二段最后一句NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.（現在，由瑞士蘇黎世大學的達米安·布拉西領導的一個研究小組已經發(fā)現了這種趨勢是如何以及為什么會出現的），根據文章第一段中的“Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and"v",weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.（30多年前，學者CharlesHockett注意到，被稱為唇齒音的語音，如“f”和“v”，在吃軟食物的社會的語言中更常見。）”可知DamianBlasi的研究重點是在語言的演變上。故選D項。33【答案】C 細節(jié)理解題。根據題干關鍵詞“ancienthumanadults”定位到第三段。根據“Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned，makingithardtoproducelabiodentals，whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure,makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.（他們發(fā)現，古人類的上門牙和下門牙是對齊的，因此很難產生唇齒音，唇齒音是通過下唇接觸上牙齒而形成的。后來，我們的下顎變成了覆蓋咬合結構，更容易發(fā)出這樣的聲音）”可知，因為古代成年人的下顎結構使他們很難發(fā)出唇齒音。選項中的“Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured”是原文的“theupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned”以及“Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure”的同義轉換。故選C項。34【答案】A 主旨大意題。根據題干關鍵信息“paragraph5”定位到第五段，根據“AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesafterthesoNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.（對語言數據庫的分析還證實，新石器時代之后，世界語言的聲音發(fā)生了全球變化，“f”和“v”的使用在過去幾千年中顯著增加。這些聲音在今天許多狩獵采集者的語言中仍然找不到）”可知，第五段主要是通過列明數據分析結果來進一步證明研究結果。故選A項。35【答案】C 推理判斷題。根據題干關鍵詞“StevenMoran”定位到文章最后一段。根據““Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.（研究小組成員StevenMoran說:“自從人類出現以來，我們使用的語音不一定保持穩(wěn)定，我們今天發(fā)現的各種語音都是生物變化和文化進化等復雜相互作用的產物。”）”可知，StevenMoran認為語音是一個復雜的動態(tài)系統(tǒng)。選項中的“complexanddynamicsystem”是原文中的“ratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthings”的同義轉換。故選C項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。FitnessMagazinerecentlyrananarticletitled"FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkoutPartner."Onereasonwas:"You'llactuallyshowupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyouatthegym,"whileanotherread:"36"Withaworkoutpartner,youwillincreaseyourtrainingeffortasthereisasubtle（微妙）competition.So,howdoyoufindaworkoutpartner?Firstofall,decidewhatyouwantfromthatperson.37Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit,abletomovewithstrengthandflexibility?Thinkabouttheexercisesyouwouldliketodowithyourworkoutpartner.Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyouarelookingforonsocialmedia,butitprobablywon'tresultinausefulresponse.38Ifyouplanonworkingoutinagym,thatpersonmustbelongtothesamegym.Mypartnerpostedherrequestonthenoticeboardofalocalpark.Hernoticeincludedwhatkindoftrainingshewantedtodo,howmanydaysaweekandhowmanyhoursshewantedtospendoneachsession,andherage.Italsolistedherfavoritesportsandactivities,andprovidedherphonenumber.39Youandyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferentskills.40Overtime,bothofyouwillbenefit—yourpartnerwillbeabletoliftmoreweightsandyouwillbecomemorephysicallyfit.Thecore（核心）ofyourrelationshipisthatyouwillalwaysbetheretohelpeachother.A.Yourfirstmeetingmaybealittleawkward.B.Aworkoutpartnerusuallyneedstolivecloseby.C.You'llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.D.Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?E.Howcanyouwriteagood