全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(二)模擬卷

全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語（二）模擬卷

（江南博哥）

材料題

根據(jù)以下材料，回答L20題

ofallthesubstancespeopleintoxicatethemselveswith,alcoholistheleastrestricted

andcausesthemostharm.Manyillegaldrugsaremoredangeroustothosewhouse

them,butarerelativelyl_toobtain,whichlimitstheir2_.3_,alcoholisomnipresent,

sofarmorepeoplesuffer4_itsadverseeffects.

NoWesterncountryhas5_alcoholsinceAmericaabolishedProhibitionin1933.Itis

popularandeasytoproduce.Makingitillegalenrichescriminalsandstartsturf

wars.In-recentyearsgovernmentshavebegun6_otherdrugs.7_,tolimittheharm

causedbyalcohol,stateshavetriedtodiscouragepeoplefromdrinking,usingtaxes,

awarenesscampaignsand8_onwhere,whenandtowhomalcoholis9_.

Thealcoholindustryhaspitcheditselfaspartofthe10_.InBritainmorethan100

producersandretailershave11a"responsibilitydeal"andpromisedto"helppeople

todrinkwithinguidelines",mostlybybuyingadspromotingmoderation.However,if

thesecampaignswere12_,theywouldruintheirsponsors'finances.Accordingto

researchersfromtheInstituteofAlcoholStudies,athink-tank,andtheUniversityof

Sheffield,sometwo-fifthsofalcohol13inBritainisinexcessoftherecommended

weeklymaximumof14units(aboutoneglassofwineperday).Industryexecutives

saytheywantthepublicto"drinkless,butdrinkbetter",meaningfewer,fancier

liquor.Butpeoplewouldneedtopay22-98%moreperdrinkto14therevenueloss

thatsuchasteepdropinconsumptionwouldcause.

Health15havetakennoteofsucharithmetic.SomenowwonderifLiquorGiant

is16initseffortsto17alcoholabuse.In2018America'sNationalInstitutesofHealth

stoppeda$100mstudyof18drinking,whichwaspartlyfundedbyalcohol

firms,19itsdesignwasbiasedintheirproducts'favour.AndthisyeartheWorld

HealthorganizationandEngland'spublic-healthauthoritybannedtheirstafffrom

workingwiththeindustry.

Producersarereadytofend20regulators.In1999alcoholfirmsinvestedhalfasmuch

onlobbyinginAmericaastobaccofirmsdid.Todaytheyspend31%more.

1、［單選題］第1題答案是

A.hard

B.severe

C.easy

D.likely

正確答案：A

參考解析：翻譯：各類違禁藥物對其使用者來說更加危險，但由于相對—

獲得，本段首句是主旨句，提到alcoholistheleastrestrictedandcausesthe

mostharm。酉精受到的限制最少，造成的危害卻最大），空格處的主語為違禁

藥品，移栽與酒精進(jìn)行對比，證明酒精危害比違禁藥品大。雖然違禁藥品更危險，

但是危害不如酒精大，因為違禁藥品的獲取難度大。A正確。

2、［單選題］第2題答案是

A.incidence

B.impact

C.inference

D.issue

正確答案：B

參考解析:翻譯:各類違禁藥品對其使用者來說更危險，但由于相對較難獲取,

其限制它的一.結(jié)合前后句邏輯關(guān)系，由于違禁藥品難以獲得，因此其危

害或者不良影響受到限制。B正確。

3、［單選題］第3題答案是

A.lnreturn

B.lneffect

C.lnvain

D.lncontrast

正確答案：D

參考解析:第一段是酒與違禁物品的對比，違禁藥品更加危險，但是較難獲取,

酒無處不在，所以更多人收到了不良影響。兩者進(jìn)行了一個對比、比較。In

contrast"相比之下"有對比之意，故為正確選項。

4、［單選題］第4題答案是

A.by

B.into

C.from

D.over

正確答案：c

參考解析：翻譯：相比之下，酒精無處不在，目前，受其不良作用影響的人也

就更多。這個題是固定搭配。suffer….from意為"遭受"。C正確。

5、［單選題］第5題答案是

A.banned

B.funded

C.granted

0.allowed

正確答案：A

參考解析：翻譯：自1933年美國廢除禁酒令以來，沒有一個西方國家

酉通過AmericaabolishProhubition可知，應(yīng)該是沒有哪一個西方國家禁止

酒，banned（禁止）符合句意。

6、［單選題］第6題答案是

A.legalizing

B.allocating

C.restricting

0.checking

正確答案：A

參考解析：翻譯：近年來，各國政府已開始將其他藥物.上一句Making

itillegalenrichescriminalsandstartsturfwars,所以今年來,應(yīng)該是使其合

法。A正確。

7、［單選題］第7題答案是

A.Moreover

B.Therefore

C.Instead

0.Otherwise

正確答案：C

參考解析：該句空格處需要填寫一個邏輯副詞，來體現(xiàn)該句與上句之間的邏輯

關(guān)系，上一句是各國政府已經(jīng)開始將其他藥物合法化，后一句是為了減少酒精帶

來的危害，所以應(yīng)該是轉(zhuǎn)折的正確。

insteadoC

8、［單選題］第8題答案是

A.subjects

B.limits

C.consequences

0.strategies

正確答案：B

參考解析：為了減少酒精帶來的危害，各國試圖勸人們不要喝酒推知，各國對

于酒精的限制是比較嚴(yán)格的。四個選項中只有選項limits（限制）符合句意，故為

正確選項。

9、［單選題］第9題答案是

A.bought

B.needed

C.purchased

D.sold

正確答案：D

參考解析：翻譯：為了減少酒精帶來的危害，各國試圖通過征稅、開展宣傳活

動以及限制酒的____地點、時間和銷售對象來勸人們不要喝酒.上下文可推知，

各國限制了購買酒精的條件。特別需要注意的是towhomalcoholis中的被動

語態(tài)以及定語從句。sold（銷售）可構(gòu)成搭配sellsth.tosb.（將某物賣給某人）符

合句意。

10、［單選題］第10題答案是

A.cause

B.study

C.solution

0.qualification

正確答案：C

參考解析：翻譯：酒業(yè)將自身定位為—的一部分.后面描述了英國生產(chǎn)商和

零售商的一些舉措來告誡公眾適度飲酒，可知酒業(yè)積極參與到政府推行的勸人們

不要喝酒的一系列行動中。四個選項中只有選項solution（解決方案）符合句意。

11、［單選題］第11題答案是

A.released

B.noticed

C.kept

0.signed

正確答案：D

參考解析：翻譯：在英國，一百多家生產(chǎn)商和零售商—了一份"責(zé)任書"，

承諾"幫助人們按照指導(dǎo)方針飲酒.酒業(yè)將自身定位為解決方案的一部分可推知

酒精的生產(chǎn)商和零售商著手解決問題，同意履行責(zé)任與義務(wù)。Dsigned與責(zé)任書

搭配、D正確。

12、［單選題］第12題答案是

A.effective

B.risky

C.idle

D.familiar

正確答案：A

參考解析：翻譯：然而,如果這些活動真的—的話,它們會損害廣告贊助

商的收入.一百多家零售商承諾幫助人們按指導(dǎo)方針飲酒，這個活動跟贊助商的

收入受損害是因果關(guān)系，如果贊助商的收人受到損害，那么就說明人們對酒的購

買力下降，即適度飲酒的宣傳產(chǎn)生了效果。A正確。

13、［單選題］第13題答案是

A.had

B.consumed

C.used

0.provided

正確答案：B

參考解析：翻譯：在英國，約有五分之二的飲酒人的—超出了每周建議飲酒

量的上限，即14個單位（大約每天一杯酒）.空格填寫動詞，表明五分之二的人每

天喝了超過一杯酒。consumed。肖耗）符合句意。

14、［單選題］第14題答案是

A.makeupfor

B.makefor

C.makefrom

D.makeoff

正確答案：A

參考解析：翻譯:但是，人們需要為每一杯酒多支付22%到98%的錢，以____

急劇下降的消費總額所造成的收入損失.前一段酒業(yè)高管希望公眾少喝酒，喝好

酒，每杯就多出百分之22到98的錢，來彌補消費總額減少帶來的損失。所以A

正確。

15、［單選題］第15題答案是

A.advocates

B.critics

C.observers

0.officials

正確答案：D

參考解析：翻譯：衛(wèi)生_____已經(jīng)注意到了這筆帳.此空格需要結(jié)合本段其它

句子中的主語解題,語分別是some（一些人）、America'sNationalInstitutesof

Health.WorldHealthOrganization，本段的主體為監(jiān)管民眾衛(wèi)生的相關(guān)機構(gòu)。

所以空格處填寫official官員,D正確。

16、［單選題］第16題答案是

A.ambitious

B.sincere

C.experienced

0.civilized

正確答案：B

參考解析：ambitious有野心的、有雄心的sincere真誠的、誠摯的

expericence經(jīng)歷、感受civilize教化、使有教養(yǎng)

空格處的填空是酒業(yè)大公司對人們不要酗酒的態(tài)度，是不是真的努力了，通過后

文可知由于酒業(yè)公司資助的研究偏袒其產(chǎn)品，因此其誠意受到了人們的質(zhì)疑，所

以B"真誠的"正確。

17、［單選題］第17題答案是

A.distract

B.display

C.distinguish

0.discourage

正確答案：D

參考解析：翻譯：現(xiàn)在，一些人想知道酒業(yè)巨頭是否真的在努力—人們酗酒.

上一段提到，酒業(yè)著手處理酒精所導(dǎo)致的問題，打算通過廣告宣傳等方式幫助人

們適度飲酒。同時酒業(yè)高管們說，他們希望公眾"少喝酒，喝好酒"，然后后文

又提到了美國研究院停止了一想適度飲酒的研究，因為其設(shè)計偏袒酒業(yè)公司。由

此可知，本句要表達(dá)的意思是酒業(yè)巨頭是否真的努力阻止人們酗酒。D正確。

18、［單選題］第18題答案是

A.normal

B.unusual

C.moderate

0.extreme

正確答案：C

參考解析翻譯2018年美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院停止了一項耗資1億美元的

飲酒研究，這一研究部分由酒業(yè)公司資助.上一段曾提到酒業(yè)公司幫助人們按指

導(dǎo)方針飲酒的具體做法：bybuyingadspromotingmoderation通過購買宣傳

適度飲酒的廣告），由此可知，酒業(yè)公司一直致力于讓人們適度飲酒。C正確。

19、［單選題］第19題答案是

A.unless

B.until

C.because

0.though

正確答案：C

參考解析：翻譯：2018年美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院停止了一項耗資1億美元的適

度飲酒研究，這一研究部分由酒業(yè)公司資助其設(shè)計偏袒這些公司的產(chǎn)

品?？崭裉幪顚戇B詞表示前后兩句話之間的關(guān)系。"研究院停止由酒業(yè)公司

資助的研究"與"研究偏袒酒業(yè)公司"是結(jié)果和原因關(guān)系，所以C正確。

20、［單選題］第20題答案是

A.for

B.off

C.on

D.with

正確答案：B

參考解析：fendoff固定搭配：抵御，符合句意,故為正確選項。

材料題

根據(jù)下面資料，回答21-25題

AfteryearsofmurmuringforchangeinUSeducation,theCOVID-19pandemicis

becomingacatalystforimprovingthesystem.America'seducationaldivideisnow

clearlyvisibleforanyonetosee.Discrepanciesinqualityandaccesstoeducationare

amajorsourceoftheeconomic,social,andracialinequalitiesthataredrivingso

muchsocialunrest.Whethertheycomefrompoorinner-cityneighborhoodsorthe

suburbs,theleast-educatedAmericanshavebeenthehardesthitbythepandemic

anditseconomiceffects.

Fortunately,economistThomasSowellhasofferedasolution.Inhisnewbook,

CharterSchoolsandTheirEnemies,heshowsthatschoolswithmoreautonomyand

flexibilitythantraditionalpublicschoolsareclosingtheeducationaldivide,providing

sorelyneededchoice,opportunity,andcompetition.Sowell'scarefulanalysisofthe

data,whichwasavailablebeforethepandemicstruck,showsthatstudentsinpublicly

fundedbutprivatelyoperatedcharterschoolsscoreremarkablyhigheron

standardizedachievementteststhandothoseintraditionalpublicschools.Butcritics

ofcharterschoolswouldlistmanyreasons,butthemainone,Sowelllaments,isthat

publicschoolssimplydonotwantthecompetition.

WilltheCOVID-19crisisfinallychangethings?Therearealreadypositivesignsthatit

has.Lastmonth,USSecretaryofEducationBetsyDeVosunveiledanew,five-year$85

millionscholarshipfundthatwillhelpstudentsfromlower-incomefamiliesin

Washington,DCgotoschoolsoftheirchoice.Inanotherpromisingsign,USSenators

TimScottandLamarAlexanderrecentlyintroducedabilltodirectsomeofthe

educationalrelieffundingtoschool-choiceprograms.Thatmoneywouldenable

lower-incomefamiliesthatarehard-pressedbythepandemictosendtheirchildren

toalternativeschools.

Butmosttelling,perhaps,isthefactthatmanyfamiliesandindividualsarecomingup

withtheirownsolutions.Considerthesuddenblossomingofpandemiclearning

"pods",whereinparentsgettogether,findteachers,andformaclassforkidsinthe

neighborhood.Ofcourse,learningpodsalreadyhaveenemiesoftheirown,with

criticscomplainingthatthepracticeisunfair,harmfulfortraditionalschools,or

availableonlytothosewhocanaffordtohireteachers.Butthatisallthemorereason

tomakehigh-quality,effectiveschoolsmorewidelyaccessible.Stampingoutnew

ideasisnottheanswer.

thestruggleoverpandemic-eraeducationisquicklymovingtostatehouses.InJune,

aspartofthenewstatebudget,CalifornialawmakerspassedSenateBill98,which

restrictsper-studentstatefundingforcharterandpublicschoolsatlastyear'sfunding

levels.Thepointistolimitcharterschoolenrollmentsatatimewhendemandfor

alternativestotraditionalpublicschoolsissurging.Butwiththosepublicschools

closingandresortingtoremoteteaching,studentsfromlower-incomehouseholds

willbetheultimatevictims.

Howisthisgoingtoaffecttheeducationofchildren?Onlyifweallfocussquarelyon

thisquestion,thepandemic'slong-termimpactoneducationcouldturnouttobe

highlybeneficial.

21、［單選題］AccordingtoParagraph1,America'seducationaldivide

A.resultspartlyfromsocialinequalities

B.iswiderinurbanareasthaninthesuburbs

C.wasbarelyvisiblebeforethepandemic

D.hascontributedtosocialdisorder

正確答案：D

參考解析：Discrepanciesinqualityandaccesstoeducationareamajor

sourceoftheeconomic,social,andracialinequalitiesthataredrivingso

muchsocialunrest.教育質(zhì)量與可及性的懸殊對經(jīng)濟、社會和種族不平等現(xiàn)象

推波助瀾，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致如此多的社會動蕩。D正確。

22、［單選題］ThomasSowellbelievesthatcharterschools

A.shouldbegivengreaterautonomy

B.helppromoteeducationalequality

C.willsqueezeoutpublicschoolssoon

D.aremoreexam-orientedthanpublicschools

正確答案：B

參考解析：schoolswithmoreautonomyandflexibilitythantraditional

publicschoolsareclosingtheeducationaldivide比公立學(xué)校有著更多自主

權(quán)和靈活性的學(xué)校正在填補教育鴻溝，Sowell'scarefulanalysisofthedata,

whichwasavailablebeforethepandemicstruck,showsthatstudentsin

publiclyfundedbutprivatelyoperatedcharterschoolsscoreremarkably

higheronstandardizedachievementteststhandothoseintraditional

publicschools.然后通過數(shù)據(jù)對比，特許學(xué)校的學(xué)生在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化學(xué)業(yè)考試中取得

的成績遠(yuǎn)比傳統(tǒng)公立學(xué)校的學(xué)生優(yōu)秀。B正確。

23、［單選題］AccordingtoParagraph3,theCOVID-19crisishasprompted

thegovernmentto

A.aidunderprivilegedstudentsinschoolchoice

B.expandstudentenrollmentsinpublicschools

C.improvetheeducationqualityofpublicschools

D.injectgenerousfundingintotraditionalschools

正確答案：A

參考解析：USSecretaryofEducationBetsyDeVosunveiledanew,

five-year$85millionscholarshipfundthatwillhelpstudentsfrom

lower-incomefamiliesinWashington,DCgotoschoolsoftheirchoice.In

anotherpromisingsign,USSenatorsTimScottandLamarAlexander

recentlyintroducedabilltodirectsomeoftheeducationalrelieffunding

toschool-choiceprograms.Thatmoneywouldenablelower-income

familiesthatarehard-pressedbythepandemictosendtheirchildrento

alternativeschools.介紹獎學(xué)金?？詈头ò赣靡哉f明：兩者均指向"為低收入

家庭學(xué)生提供經(jīng)濟援助，幫助其擇校入學(xué)"，由此可知A正確。

24、［單選題］Thecriticismoflearningpodsismentionedtoshow

A.itspotentialrisktowidentheeducationaldivide

B.thedifficultytopromoteinnovationsineducation

C.thenecessityofbroaderaccesstoqualityeducation

D.theneedfortougherregulationintheeducationsector

正確答案：C

參考解析：Butthatisallthemorereasontomakehigh-quality,effective

schoolsmorewidelyaccessible.有人批評學(xué)習(xí)艙不利于傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校，只適用于

富裕家庭，這反而說明了普及高質(zhì)量教育的重要性，教育上的創(chuàng)新不應(yīng)被扼殺。

由此可知，作者提及對學(xué)習(xí)艙的批評，是為了強調(diào)大面積普及高質(zhì)量教育的必要,

C正確。

25、［單選題］Theauthor'sattitudetowardSenateBill98canbedescribed

as________

A.supportive

B.tolerant

C.disappointed

0.ambiguous

正確答案：C

參考解析：Thepointistolimitcharterschoolenrollmentsatatimewhen

demandforalternativestotraditionalpublicschoolsissurging.Butwith

thosepublicschoolsclosingandresortingtoremoteteaching,students

fromlower-incomehouseholdswillbetheultimatevictims.彳乍者是支持高

質(zhì)量教學(xué)的，但是州參議院的法案限制了特許學(xué)校招生規(guī)模，并且有可能令低收

入家庭學(xué)生（難以進(jìn)入特許學(xué)校，從而）淪為受害者，由此可知，作者對該法案持

負(fù)面態(tài)度，C正確。

材料題

根據(jù)以下材料，回答26-30題

Countriesmustcreativelycomplementtheuseoffossilfuelsandrenewableenergyin

theinterimpendingwhenrenewableenergycanstandaloneasmajorsourceof

energyglobally.ThiswastheviewoftheChiefExecutiveOfficer,Lekoil,Lekan

Akinyanmi,whilespeakingontheside-linesoftheWorldEconomicForum'syearly

meetingatDavos.

Globally,therehasbeenanincreaseincallsforreductionoffossilfuelconsumption

whichenvironmentalistshaveindictedforgreenhousegasemission."Itispossibleto

keepanoilandgascompanysustainable.Thefirstthingwehavegottodoistostop

denyingthatthereisanissue."Indeed,thereisanissue,Akinyanmisaid,"Thechange

overfromfossilfueltoalternativeenergyorcleanerfuelsisamulti-decadeor

probablymulti-centurything.Thefossilfuelindustrywillstillberelevant.Whatwe

needtodoistofigureoutwaystoberesponsibleinthefossilfuelproductionand

consumptionprocess."Historically,alotoffossilfuelcompanieshaveproducedoil

andflaredthegas.Butitisactuallythegasthatismoreefficient.It'sfriendliertothe

environment,soweneedtoshiftourattentionthere.FromourperspectiveasLekoil

oneofthethingsthathelpsusisthat,agoodchunkofourportfolioisactuallygasso

weareactuallywellonourway.

Energyanalystssuggestthattherenewableenergymarketwillgrowatacumulative

averagegrowthrateof7.6%between2020and2025toreach3,812gigawattsby

2025.Risinginvestmentandimprovementintechnologyhasseenadrastic

improvementinrenewableenergyoutput.Between2020and2025,theUnitedStates

andotherdevelopedcountriesarescalingupinvestmentsinrenewable

energy.However,TheAsiaPacificregionisemergingasthefastest-growingmarketfor

renewableenergyglobally,accountingfornearly27%oftheglobalmarket

share.WithintheAsiaPacific,ChinaandIndiatogetherformtheleadingrenewable

energymarketshavingalmost75%oftheinstalledcapacityofrenewableenergy.

Ithinkwewillmakeourwaythroughthis.UnfortunatelyJthinkthereisalotof

brinkmanship.Weactuallydoneedanenergymixtosolvetheworld'senergy

problems.Intheinterimtherewillbediscontinuities,thependulumwillswingboth

ways.Butitisshort-sightedtojustignorethefossilfuelindustryandmovetothe

renewableenergyindustryorviceversa.Weneedaportfoliothatmixesbothenergy

sources,"Akinyanmisaid.

26、［單選題］ByreferringtotheviewofLekoil,LekanAkinyanmi,theauthor

intends

A.tobringupthetopicoffossilfuelsandrenewableenergy

B.toexplainwhyrenewableenergyarebetterthanfossilfuels

C.topayspecialattentiontotheChiefExecutiveofficer

D.toemphasizetheimportanceofrenewableenergy

正確答案：A

參考解析：Countriesmustcreativelycomplementtheuseoffossilfuels

andrenewableenergyintheinterimpendingwhenrenewableenergy

canstandaloneasmajorsourceofenergyglobally.在達(dá)沃斯世界經(jīng)濟論壇

年度會議分會上發(fā)表的觀點，即在可再生能源能夠成為全球主要能源之前，各國

必須在過渡期間創(chuàng)造性地補充化石燃料和可再生能源的使用。由此可見引出了

thetopicoffossilfuelsandrenewableenergy,A正確。

27、［單選題］WhichthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph2?

A.Itispossibletoreplacefossilfuelswithcleanerfuelsnow.

B.Fossilfuelsaremoreefficientandenvironmentallyfriendly.

C.Environmentalistsholdthatfossilfuelsproducegreenhousegas.

D.Theperfectsourceofrenewableenergyhasbeenfound.

正確答案：C

參考角星析：Globally,therehasbeenanincreaseincallsforreductionof

fossilfuelconsumptionwhichenvironmentalistshaveindictedfor

greenhousegasemission.在其全球范圍內(nèi)，要求減少化石燃料的呼聲越來越

高，環(huán)境保護主義者已將其歸咎于溫室氣體排放，也就是說環(huán)保主義者認(rèn)為化石

燃料會產(chǎn)生溫室氣體。C正確。

28、［單選題］ItcanbeseenfromtheavailablestaticsinParagraph3that

A.Indiahasbeenthefastest-growingmarketforrenewableenergyglobally

B.thetoptwocountriesleadingtherenewableenergymarketsareinAsia

C.thedevelopedcountrieshavebenefitedmostfromrenewableenergy

D.Indiahasrankedthehighestinitsgrowthrateofrenewableenergy

正確答案：B

參考解析：However,TheAsiaPacificregionisemergingasthe

fastest-growingmarketforrenewableenergyglobally,accountingfor

nearly27%oftheglobalmarketshare.WithintheAsiaPacific,Chinaand

Indiatogetherformtheleadingrenewableenergymarketshavingalmost

75%oftheinstalledcapacityofrenewableenergy.亞太地區(qū)成為全球增

長最快的可再生能源市場，在亞太地區(qū)，中國和印度成了領(lǐng)先的可再生能源市場,

所以可再生能源市場上的兩個領(lǐng)先的國家是亞洲的中國和印度，故選項B為正確

型空

29、［單選題］Theauthorsattitudetowardsenergyindustryis

A.optimistic

B.sensitive

C.gloomy

0.scared

正確答案：A

參考解析：Ithinkwewillmakeourwaythroughthis作者對于如今能源形

勢的態(tài)度，屬于觀點態(tài)度題，從最后一段可知，作者認(rèn)為雖然目前有各種各樣的

狀況，比如邊緣政策等，但是只要我們合理處理兩種能源的關(guān)系，我們會度過能

源危機，所以作者對于能源行業(yè)仍然是充滿希望的，是樂觀的，故選項A為正確

冬口空

30、［單選題］Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?

A.FossilFuelsMayBetheBestSourceofEnergyGlobally

B.WaysofContinuingUsingFossilFuelsAstheMajorSourceofEnergy

C.FossilFuels,RenewableEnergyWillContinuetoPlayComplementaryRoles

D.FossilfuelsGoingNowhere,RenewableEnergyGoingEverywhere

正確答案：C

參考解析：文章第一段通過首席執(zhí)行官Akinyanmi的話引出化石燃料和可再

生能源這個話題，然后對世界能源問題進(jìn)行了探討，最后得出了我們解決世界能

源問題應(yīng)該采取的方式。目前這個階段，兩種能源還是一種互補關(guān)系，所以我們

還需要合理處理好兩種能源之間的關(guān)系，由此可知，選項C為正確答案。

材料題

根據(jù)以下材料，回答31-35題

Forthoseseekingtohelptheworst-offinpoorcountries,themobilephonehasbeen

amagicwand.Mobile-moneyaccountshavehelpeddeliver"financial

inclusion"—makingfinancialservicesaccessibletothetensofmillionswithaphone

butnobankaccount.Buttheyhavedownsidestoo.

Themostobviouswaydigitalfinancialservicesharmpoorpeopleisbylayingthem

moreopentofraud.Researchfrom2016citedinanewreportbytheConsultative

GrouptoAssistthePoor(CGAP),aconsortiumofdonorsaffiliatedtotheWorldBank,

foundthatinthePhilippines83%ofpeoplesurveyedhadbeentargetsof

mobile-phonescams,with17%losingmoney.lnTanzania,27%hadbeentargetedand

17%fleeced；inGhana,56%and12%.

Forthemostbasicdeceptions,athiefneedsonlyaphonenumber.Atextmessage

mightoffercongratulationsonwinningaprize,requiringonlyasmallcontributionto

unlockit.Youridentitymightbestolentomakeyouresponsibleforrepayingaloan

disbursedtosomebodyelse.Animpersonatormightstealyourmobile-moneyaccount

whenregisteringanewSIMcard.Oryouraccount'ssecuritycode—thepin—mightbe

leakedbyamobile-moneyagent.Thepoormaybeespeciallysusceptibletosuch

scams.Theyaremorelikelytoberelativelynewbothtotheonlineworldandto

formalfinancialservices.Andtheyarelesslikelytohavesmartphoneswith

sophisticatedsecuritysoftware.

Itisnotjustmoneythatcanbestolen.Sotoocanalltheotherdatastoredona

phone.Often,however,muchhasalreadybeengivenawayfreelybyitsowners.Many

"free"appsareinfactpaidforincustomerdata.Ineverycountrypeoplegailysign

awaytheirrightstoprivacybyclickingconsentbuttonswithouthavingunderstoodor

evenreadwhattheyareagreeingto.Butsuchdatacanalsobeabused.Analgorithm

might(bydesignoraccident)bebiasedagainstcertainborrowersbecause,say,of

theirraceorcreed.

Itisoftenassumedthatthepoorarerelaxedaboutsurrenderingsomeprivacyin

returnforaccesstoborrowingandotherservices.Infact,concernaboutprivacyisnot

apreserveoftherich.ResearchinIndiaandKenyahasshownthatevenverypoor

borrowerswouldbewillingtopayahigherinterestrate—orjoinamuchslower

queue—foraloanthatcamewithmoreguaranteesthatthedataprovidedtothe

lenderwouldbekeptprivate.

31、［單選題］Themobilephonehasbeenhelpingtheimpoverishedin

obtaining

A.accessibleservices

B.mobile-moneyaccounts

C.theirbankaccounts

0.urgentfinancialaids

正確答案：B

參考解析：Mobile-moneyaccountshavehelpeddeliver"financial

inclusion"一makingfinancialservicesaccessibletothetensofmillions

withaphonebutnobankaccount移動貨幣賬戶幫助提供了"普惠金融”服

務(wù)讓數(shù)千萬只有手機但沒有銀行賬戶的人可以使用金融服務(wù)，即手機的功能是讓

原本沒有銀行賬戶的人能有一個移動貨幣賬戶作為替代來使用金融服務(wù)。因此B

正確。

32、［單選題］Thepooraremorelikelytobetargetedinmobile-phone

scamsbecauseof

A.thehostilityofthievesandimpersonators

B.theircreduloustraittodeceptions

C.theirgreedforwinningunexpectedprizes

D.theinsecurepaymentenvironment

正確答案：D

參考解析：Thepoormaybeespeciallysusceptibletosuchscams.They

aremorelikelytoberelativelynewbothtotheonlineworldandto

formalfinancialservices.Andtheyarelesslikelytohavesmartphones

withsophisticatedsecuritysoftware.先說明最基本的騙局成本極低，一^電

話號碼，注冊新的SIM卡，窮人最可能落入這種騙局，因為他們對于網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界

和正規(guī)的金融服務(wù)了解相對太少，同時窮人還缺乏安裝復(fù)雜安全軟件的智能手機,

因此更容易受騙，說明窮人由于容易泄露信息的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境、認(rèn)知環(huán)境和手機軟件

這類支付安全性原因才會被當(dāng)作手機騙局的主要目標(biāo)，由此可知，選項D為正確

竺口宗^7^30

33、［單選題］Peoplehasbeengivingawaythedataontheirphoneby

A.signingupformobileappsimprudently

B.sellingthemforfinancialprofitdeliberately

C.payingmobileappswiththemknowingly

0.clickingmostconsentbuttonsdiscreetly

正確答案：A

參考解析：Ineverycountrypeoplegailysignawaytheirrightstoprivacy

byclickingconsentbuttonswithouthavingunderstoodorevenread

whattheyareagreeingto.Butsuchdatacanalsobeabused.在各個國家,

人們在沒有理解甚至沒有閱讀他們所同意的內(nèi)容的情況下，通過點擊同意按鈕愉

快地放棄他們的隱私權(quán)”，即人們在注冊時非常草率，忽視涉及隱私權(quán)出讓的協(xié)

議內(nèi)容，由此可知，選項A為正確答案。

34、［單選題］ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5that

A.therichputtoomuchconcernaboutprivacy

B.privacywillbeeasilyforgonebythepoor

C.datasecurityforthepoormaygetimproved

0.higherinterestrateisinevitablefordatasecurity

正確答案：C

參考解析：Itisoftenassumedthatthepoorarerelaxedabout

surrenderingsomeprivacyinreturnforaccesstoborrowingandother

services.Infact,concernaboutprivacyisnotapreserveoftherich.人們認(rèn)

為窮人會為了獲得借貸和其他服務(wù)而輕易放棄自己的隱私，但事實上，窮人也重

視數(shù)據(jù)安全和隱私。所以選項C為正確答案。

35、［單選題］Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?

A.AvoidableMobile-phoneScams

B.Mobile-phoneThefts-TargetingThePoor

C.Mobile-phone,AMagicWand

D.TheHiddenCostofMobile-phoneConvenience

正確答案：D

參考解析：介紹移動貨幣賬戶的優(yōu)勢和劣勢，分析本質(zhì)原因和預(yù)測未來趨勢,

圍繞著移動貨幣賬戶的風(fēng)險展開的，從手機詐騙的數(shù)據(jù)泄露，引申到了應(yīng)用軟件

對客戶數(shù)據(jù)的窺視，即隱藏在便利性背后的詐騙風(fēng)險和數(shù)據(jù)濫用，D正確答案。

材料題

根據(jù)下面資料，回答36-40題

AsCongressaimstopassanothercoronavirusreliefpackage,theTrump

administrationandRepublicansonCapitolHillareinsistingonareductiontothe

weeklyfederalunemploymentinsurancebenefit,arguingthattheextra$600aweek

thatCongressprovidedforthejoblesshascreatedadisincentiveforpeopletogo

backtowork.Theywanttoreducetheboosttoonly$200aweek.It'sanincredibly

badidea,basedondeceptivelogicandstereotypes.

Extendingthebenefitat$600isneededtocombatthepersistentlyhigh

unemploymentrateandtopreventanevenworseeconomiccollapse.Indeed,putting

moneydirectlyintothepocketsofAmericansisoneofthemostimportantsteps

CongresscantaketocontaintheeconomicfalloutfromCOVID-19.Providing

Americanswithmoremoneynotonlyhelpstokeepmillionsoffamiliesoutofpoverty

butalsoensuresthatpeoplekeepspendingmoney,Whichiscrucialifbusinessesare

tostayafloat.

Theconcernthatgenerousunemploymentinsurancebenefitsmightdisincentivize

workmayseemtohaveasuperficiallogic.Afterall,morethantwo-thirdsof

Americanswhoqualifyforunemploymentstandtomakemoremoneythantheydid

whentheyworked.Butthatlineofreasoningisflawed.

First,eveniftheweekly$600financialassistanceisextended,workersreceivingthe

benefitknowitwilleventuallyexpire.ThereisalreadyevidencethatAmericanshave

beenreturningtoworkinspiteofreceivinganadditional$600eachweekforbeing

unemployed：BothMayandJunesawrecord-breakingnumberswithregardtojobs

added,andtheunemploymentratedeclinedduringthatperiod.

Second,workerswhofailtolookforworkorturndownjoboffersrisklosingtheir

unemploymentbenefit.WhiletheCARESAct—whichcreatedtheweekly$600aidfor

unemployedworkers—expandedtheacceptablecausesforrefusingtogobackto

workwhilestillqualifyingforunemploymentbenefits,peoplestillhavetoprovidea

validpublic-healthreasonfornotreturningtowork.That'salsothereasonthe

unemploymentbenefitisgenerous：Itgivesworkerstheopportunitytostayathome

inordertocontainthespreadofthecoronaviruswithoutcausingtheirhouseholds

extremefinancialstress.

Andthird,thereasontheunemploymentnumbersaresohighisbecausethere

simplyaren'tenoughjobstogoaround.ArindrajitDube,aprofessorofeconomics,

said,"Inaverydownlabormarket,incentivizingpeopletosearchharderis

self-defeating."

Isitpossiblethattherewillbeafewcaseswherepeoplechoosenottoreturntowork

becausetheunemploymentbenefitishigherthantheirwages?Ofcourse.Butthat

numberwillbenegligible."Theserisksaresosmallcomparedtothereallybigrisk,

whichisthatallofthesepeoplearegoingtocutbackonspendingwhentheylose

thatbenefit,"Dube,said."Andthatisgoingtobeyetanotherunforcederrorinthe

setofmanyunforcederrorsthatourgovernmenthasdoneinhandlingthispandemic.

II

36、［單選題］TheTrumpadministrationisseekingto

A.reduceunemploymentbenefits

B.subsidizehealthinsurance

C.createmorejobs

D.cutdownonspending

正確答案：A

參考解析：theTrumpadministrationandRepublicansonCapito