路由器基礎配置和應用

Chapter10路由器配置和應用本章目標路由器的功能、結(jié)構(gòu)和接口路由器的基本配置常見廣域網(wǎng)協(xié)議學習本章節(jié)，您應當能夠：2課程內(nèi)容

路由器的功能、結(jié)構(gòu)和接口路由器的基本配置常見廣域網(wǎng)協(xié)議3路由器工作流程IPETHPPP以太網(wǎng)口串口IPPPPETH串口以太網(wǎng)口協(xié)議封裝路由選擇協(xié)議轉(zhuǎn)換路由器路由器傳送拆包接收發(fā)送工作過程4路由器的結(jié)構(gòu)硬件組成CPU(處理器）RAM(存儲正在運行的配置文件)FLASH（負責保存OS的映像和路由器的微碼）NVRAM（保存配置件）ROM（加載OS）接口（完成路由器與其它設備的數(shù)據(jù)交換）

軟件結(jié)構(gòu)BOOTROM：主要功能是路由器加電后完成有關(guān)初始化工作，并向內(nèi)存中加入操作系統(tǒng)代碼VRP（通用路由平臺）：Quidway路由器上運行的軟件平臺5VRP體系結(jié)構(gòu)6中低端路由器發(fā)展路標低端路由器R1600/2500介入中低端路由器之間R1760中端路由器R2600/3600增加型中端路由器R2630E/R3600E智能型中端路由器R2611/26101996199820022003統(tǒng)一的VRP平臺2000ADSL寬帶接入路由器4/8口語音網(wǎng)關(guān)冗余電源款型R2600-RPS/3600-RPS2004AR18,28,46系列路由器Aolynk路由器7AR18-1XAR18-2XAR28-0X/1XAR28-3X/40/80AR46-20/40/80SOHOSMB企業(yè)分支企業(yè)大型分支企業(yè)中心靈 活性 能業(yè)務性能Quidway?AR全系列路由器8課程內(nèi)容

路由器的功能、結(jié)構(gòu)和接口路由器的基本配置常見廣域網(wǎng)協(xié)議9AR28-31備份口配置口10配置路由器通過console口配置通過撥號遠程配置通過telnet方式配置通過啞終端方式配置通過FTP方式傳送配置文件11通過console口配置建立本地配置環(huán)境配置口(Console)配置口（console）電纜R232串口

12創(chuàng)建超級終端（II）13選擇串口（III）14端口設置（IV）15通過撥號線路配置路由器將路由器和PC分別與modem連接備份電纜modemmodemPSTN/ISDN16通過Telnet配置本地路由器[Quidway-Ethernet0/0]ipaddress0024缺省的telnet登錄用戶名：admin口令：admin服務器PC工作站工作站10Base-T網(wǎng)口17通過啞終端配置[Quidway-Serial0/0]physical-modeasync同/異步串口18通過FTP配置在路由器上啟動FTP服務器在終端上啟動FTP客戶端程序FTPserverFTPclientEthernet19吩咐行概述用戶視圖系統(tǒng)視圖RIP視圖OSPF視圖BGP視圖以太網(wǎng)接口視圖同步串口視圖Dialer接口視圖20進入路由器配置界面

UserinterfaceCon0isavailable.PressENTERtogetstarted.

<Quidway>

console21用戶視圖常用吩咐<Quidway>?

cdChangecurrentdirectorydebuggingEnablesystemdebuggingfunctionsdeleteDeleteafiledisplayDisplaycurrentsysteminformationpingSendechomessagessaveSavecurrentconfigurationresetResetoperationrebootRebootsystem22系統(tǒng)視圖常用吩咐<Quidway>system-view[Quidway]?aclSpecifyaclconfigurationinformationarpAddstaticARPentrybgpSpecifyBGP(BorderGatewayProtocol)configurationinformationfirewallSpecifyfirewallconfigurationinformationipsecSpecifyIPSec(IPSecurity)configurationinformationlocal-userSpecifylocaluserconfigurationinformationpppSpecifyPPP(thePoint-to-PointProtocol)23接口視圖吩咐[Quidway]interfaces0/0

[Quidway-Serial0/0]？

baudrateSettransmitandreceivebaudrateasyncAsynchronouslineconfigurationcommandipSpecifyIPconfigurationinformationshutdownShutdownthespecifiedinterfacephysical-modeSetsynchronousorasynchronousmodeonserialinterfacedialerSpecifyDCC(Dial-Control-Center)configurationinformationquitExitfromcurrentcommandviewloopbackSetloopbackonaninterface24在線幫助[Quidway]display?aclAclstatusandconfigurationinformationarpDisplayARPentryaspfASPFstatusandconfigurationinformationauto-configSpecifyautoconfigurationinformationbgpBGPstatusandconfigurationinformationcurrent-configurationCurrentconfigurationdebuggingCurrentsettingofdebuggingswitchesdhcpDHCPconfigurationsubcommandsdiagnostic-informationSystemInformationforDiagnosis25吩咐行錯誤信息[Quidway]dispaly?^%Unrecognizedcommandfoundat'^'position.

[Quidway]display ^%Incompletecommandfoundat'^'position.

[Quidway]displayinterfaceSerial0/00^%Toomanyparametersfoundat'^'position.26歷史吩咐displayhistory-command補全吩咐運用Tab鍵查看歷史記錄運用↑↓鍵運用Ctrl＋P快捷鍵歷史吩咐27編輯特性一般按鍵輸入字符到當前光標位置退格鍵BackSpace刪除光標位置的前一個字符刪除鍵Delete刪除光標位置字符左光標鍵←光標向左移動一個字符位置右光標鍵→光標向右移動一個字符位置上下光標鍵↑↓顯示歷史吩咐28Language 中英文顯示方式切換暫停顯示時鍵入'Ctrl+c' 停止顯示和吩咐執(zhí)行暫停顯示時鍵入空格鍵 接著顯示下一屏信息暫停顯示時鍵入回車鍵 接著顯示下一行信息顯示特性29狀態(tài)查看吩咐displayversiondisplaycurrent-configurationdisplayinterfacedisplayiproute基本操作吩咐30displayversion[Quidway]displayversionCopyrightNotice:Allrightsreserved(Apr082005).Withouttheowner'spriorwrittenconsent,nodecompilingnorreverse-engineeringshallbeallowed.Huawei-3ComVersatileRoutingPlatformSoftwareVRP(R)software,Version3.40,ReleaseRT-0009Copyright(c)2003-2005HangzhouHuawei-3ComTech.Co.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.Copyright(c)2000-2003HuaweiTech.Co.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.QuidwayAR28-11uptimeis0week,0day,0hour,1minuteCPUtype:PowerPC8241200MHz128MbytesSDRAMMemory32MbytesFlashMemoryPcbVersion:1.0LogicVersion:1.0BootROMVersion:9.09[SLOT0]AUX(Hardware)1.0,(Driver)1.0,(Cpld)1.0

31displaycurrent-configuration[Quidway]displaycurrent-configuration#sysnameQuidway#FTPserverenable#local-servernas-ipkeyhuawei#domaindefaultenablesystem#radiusschemesystemserver-typehuaweiprimaryauthentication1645primaryaccounting1646user-name-formatwithout-domain#domainsystemaccess-limitdisablestateactive………#32displayinterface顯示接口信息[Quidway]displayinterfaceSerial1/1Serial1/1currentstate:UPLineprotocolcurrentstate:UPDescription:Serial1/1InterfaceTheMaximumTransmitUnitis1500,Holdtimeris10(sec)Internetprotocolprocessing:disabledInternetAddressis/8LinklayerprotocolisPPPLCPinitialOutputqueue:(Urgentqueue:Size/Length/Discards)0/50/0Outputqueue:(Protocolqueue:Size/Length/Discards)0/500/0Outputqueue:(FIFOqueuing:Size/Length/Discards)0/75/0Physicallayerissynchronous,Baudrateis64000bps,InterfacehasnocableLast300secondsinputrate0.00bytes/sec,0.00packets/secLast300secondsoutputrate0.00bytes/sec,0.00packets/secInput:0packets,0bytes0broadcasts,0multicasts0errors,0runts,0giants0CRC,0alignerrors,0overruns0dribbles,0aborts,0nobuffers0frameerrorsOutput:0packets,0bytes0errors,0underruns,0collisions0deferredDCD=UPDTR=UPDSR=UPRTS=UPCTS=UP33[Quidway]interfaceserial0/0[Quidway-serial0/0]undoshutdown開啟或關(guān)閉端口開啟已經(jīng)關(guān)閉的端口[Quidway]interfaceserial0/0[Quidway-serial0/0]shutdown人工關(guān)閉端口34解讀端口狀態(tài)[Quidway]displayinterfaceserial0/0physicallayerissynchronous,baudrateis64000bps,nocableLink-protocolisPPPLCPinitial,IPCPinitial,IPXCPinitial,CCPinitiallineprotocolisdownSerial0/0isdown,物理層組件的狀態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層的狀態(tài)35display

ip

routing-table[Quidway]disiprouting-tableRoutingTables:Destination/MaskprotoprefMetricNexthopInterface/0Static600Serial0/8RIP1003Serial0/8OSPF1050Ethernet0/8RIP1004Serial0/8Static600Serial0/8Direct00Ethernet0/32Direct00LoopBack0......36<Quidway>terminaldebugging<Quidway>debugging?allAlldebuggingfunctionsarpARPmoduleaspfASPFmoduleatmATMmodulebgpBGPmodulebridgeDebuggingbridgedhcpDHCPmoduledialerDCCmoduledlswDataLinkSwitchingmodulednsDomainnamesystemmodule調(diào)試吩咐：debugging37[Quidway]ping

PING:56databytes,pressCTRL_CtobreakReplyfrom:bytes=56Sequence=0ttl=255time=31msReplyfrom:bytes=56Sequence=1ttl=255time=31msReplyfrom:bytes=56Sequence=2ttl=255time=32msReplyfrom:bytes=56Sequence=3ttl=255time=31msReplyfrom:bytes=56Sequence=4ttl=255time=31ms---pingstatistics---5packetstransmitted5packetsreceived0.00%packetlossround-tripmin/avg/max=31/31/32msping:網(wǎng)絡連通測試吩咐38tracert:網(wǎng)絡連通測試吩咐[Quidway]tracert86tracerouteto86(86)30hopsmax,40bytespacket129ms22ms21ms28638ms24ms24ms39課程內(nèi)容

路由器的功能、結(jié)構(gòu)和接口路由器的基本配置常見廣域網(wǎng)協(xié)議40廣域網(wǎng)

V.24,V.35,X.21BisEIA/TIA-232/449LAPB,FrameRelay,HDLC,PPP,SDLC網(wǎng)絡層X.25物理層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層路由器A廣域網(wǎng)的下三層網(wǎng)絡層物理層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層路由器B41廣域網(wǎng)的數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層專用點到點HDLC,PPP分組交換X.25,幀中繼電路交換PSTN:PPPISDNB信道:PPPISDND信道:LAPD42高級數(shù)據(jù)鏈路限制HDLC面對比特透亮傳輸－零比特填充法運行于同步串行線路地址標志控制信息幀校驗標志43HDLC協(xié)議的配置在接口上封裝HDLC協(xié)議link-protocolhdlc打開HDLC全部報文調(diào)試信息開關(guān)debugginghdlcall[interfacetypenumber]打開HDLC事務調(diào)試信息開關(guān)debugginghdlcevent[interfacetypenumber]打開HDLC數(shù)據(jù)包調(diào)試信息開關(guān)debugginghdlcpacket[interfacetypenumber]44PPP配置吩咐封裝PPPlink-protocolppp設置驗證類型pppauthentication-mode{pap|chap}設置用戶名、口令、服務類型[Quidway]local-userhuawei[Quidway-luser-huawei]passwordsimplesharepass[Quidway-luser-huawei]service-type

ppp45PAP配置吩咐驗證方配置配置驗證方式pppauthentication-modepap配置用戶列表[Quidway]local-userhuawei[Quidway-luser-huawei]passwordsimplesharepass[Quidway-luser-huawei]service-typeppp被驗證方配置配置PAP用戶名ppppaplocal-userusernamepassword{simple|cipher}password46CHAP配置吩咐主驗證方配置：配置本地驗證對端（方式為CHAP）pppauthentication-modechap配置本地名稱

pppchapuserusername將對端用戶名和密碼加入本地用戶列表[Quidway]local-userhuawei[Quidway-luser-huawei]passwordsimplesharepass[Quidway-luser-huawei]service-typeppp被驗證方配置:配置本地名稱密碼[Quidway-Serial0/0]

pppchapuserusername[Quidway-Serial1/1]pppchappassword{simple|cipher}password47PPP典型配置舉例一主驗證方被驗證方RouterARouterBPAP驗證S0/0S0/0[RouterA]local-userrouterb[RouterA-luser-routerb]password

simple

hello[RouterA-luser-routerb]service-typeppp[RouterA]interfaceserial0/0[RouterA-Serial0/0]pppauthentication-modepap[RouterB]interfaceserial0/0

[RouterB-Serial0/0]ppppap

local-userrouterbpasswordsimplehello48PPP典型配置舉例二RouterARouterBCHAP驗證S0/0S0/0RouterA]local-userrouterb[RouterA-luser-routerb]password

simple

hello[RouterA-luser-routerb]service-type

ppp[RouterA]interfaceserial0/0[RouterA-Serial0/0]pppchapuserroutera[RouterA-Serial0/0]pppauthentication-modechap[RouterB]local-userroutera[RouterB-luser-routera]passwordsimplehello[RouterB-luser-routera]service-type

ppp[RouterB]interfaceserial0/0[RouterB-Serial0/0]pppchapuserrouterb[RouterB-Serial0/0]pppauthentication-modechap主驗證方被驗證方49幀中繼的配置封裝幀中繼協(xié)議link-protocolframe-relay[MFR|nonstandard|ietf]配置幀中繼接口的終端類型frinterface-type｛dce|dte|nni｝選擇LMI類型frlmitype｛ansi|nonstandard|q933a｝50配置幀中繼地址映射手工配置靜態(tài)映射：frmap{ip|ipx}protocol-addressdlci[broadcast]動態(tài)建立：使能動態(tài)逆向地址解析協(xié)議frinarp[ip|ipx][dlci]幀中繼地址映射也就是建立對端協(xié)議地址與本地DLCI的映射關(guān)系，該地址映射可靜態(tài)配置，也可動態(tài)建立51配置幀中繼本地虛電路為主接口安排一條虛電路號frdlcidlci52配置幀中繼子接口創(chuàng)建幀中繼子接口，進入子接口配置模式interfacetypenumber.subinterface-number[multipoint|point-to-point]配置幀中繼子接口的虛電路號frdlcidlci建立地址映射的吩咐和物理接口相同，可以運用靜態(tài)或動態(tài)地址映射。地址映射只有在點到多點的狀況下才須要配置子接口有兩種類型：點到點和點到多點53配置幀中繼交換允許幀中繼進行PVC交換frswitching設置幀