判斷推理題微技能課件高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)

課前2分鐘背誦：英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中表示作者態(tài)度的高頻詞匯positive肯定的,積極的passive被動(dòng)的，消極的negative消極的supportive支持的disapproving不贊成的critical批評(píng)的conservative保守的suspicious可疑的，懷疑的puzzled/confused困惑的subjective主觀的objective客觀的neutral中立的concerned關(guān)心的，有關(guān)的optimistic樂(lè)觀的pessimistic悲觀的indifferent漠不關(guān)心的unconcerned不關(guān)心的

高三二輪復(fù)習(xí)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)

---判斷推理題微技能閱讀理解推理判斷題推斷隱含意義題推斷寫(xiě)作意圖題推斷文章出處或讀者對(duì)象題推理判斷題

要求考生根據(jù)文章提供的事實(shí)和線索進(jìn)行邏輯推理，推測(cè)作者未明確提到的事實(shí)或某事件發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)。推理判斷能力是閱讀理解能力的重要組成部分，因而也是閱讀理解部分重點(diǎn)考查的能力之一。每年每套題通常會(huì)有4～6題。推斷觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題以文中信息為依據(jù)去推斷,切忌主觀臆斷，做到推斷有理，判斷有據(jù)注意推斷隱含意義要求

推斷言外之意或弦外之音題干常含infer(推斷),suggest,imply常有can,could,probably,likely等考情

通常每篇文段都有1道題推斷隱含意義思維導(dǎo)圖1．細(xì)節(jié)推斷題要求考生根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇關(guān)系，推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根據(jù)短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行推理判定?？忌挥邪盐瘴恼碌膬?nèi)在關(guān)系，理解文章的真正含義，才可以判斷正確答案。

典題印證Otherorganizationssuchasbanksaskcustomerstosignlongcontractstheymaynotreadorunderstand,butMillerbelievessocialmediarequiresspecialattentionbecauseitissonew.“Westilldon’tknowhowsignificantthelong-termimpactisgoingtobeofunwisethingsthatkidsputonsocialmediathatcomebackandbitethemin20years’time,”hesays.AndrewMillerthinkssocialmedianeedsmoreattentionthanbanksmainlybecause_______.theirusersconsistlargelyofkidsunder20yearsoldthelanguageintheircontractsisusuallyhardertounderstandtheinformationtheycollectedcouldbecomemorevaluableinfutureitremainsunknownhowusers’datawillbetakenadvantageof√真題回顧

Thenthere'sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashions.ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat'sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.She'stryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.WhatcanweinferaboutwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?A.It'sformal.

B.It'srisky.

C.It'sharmful.

D.It'straditional.

B

真題回顧

Insomecases,it'snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it'stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheStates.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutanimalactors?A.Theymaybebadlytreated.B.Theyshouldtakefurthertraining.C.Theycouldbetradedillegally.D.Theywouldlosepopularity.A1.推斷隱含意義---關(guān)鍵詞句細(xì)推敲

2022·高考閱讀D篇Today’sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities(設(shè)施)andhealthiereatinginschools.

Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.35.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.1.推斷隱含意義---關(guān)鍵詞句細(xì)推敲2021·高考B篇

GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenienttohaveahomephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepointwhereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone(usingCallerIDwouldtakethefunoutofit).

Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?A.Itremainsafamilynecessity.B.Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.C.Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.D.Itisasimportantasthegaslight.2．態(tài)度傾向類(lèi)推斷題考查考生是否了解文中作者或文中人物對(duì)某事物所持的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度。要求考生具有在正確理解文意的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度傾向進(jìn)行分析、識(shí)別的能力。該類(lèi)型題目的選項(xiàng)一般含有以下三類(lèi)詞：(1)中性詞：uninterested(不感興趣的)，neutral(中立的)，indifferent(漠不關(guān)心的)等；(2)褒義詞：positive(積極的)，supportive(支持的)，humorous(滑稽的)，enthusiastic(熱情的)，admiring(贊賞的)等；(3)貶義詞：disgusted(厭惡的)，critical(批評(píng)的)，negative(否定的，消極的)，disappointed(失望的)等。推斷觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題典題印證Thecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportantgrowthinautonomy(自主性)andthedevelopmentofadultidentity.However，nowtheyarebecominganextendedperiodofadolescence，duringwhichmanyoftoday’sstudentsarenotshoulderedwithadultresponsibilities.Forpreviousgenerations，collegewasadecisivebreakfromparentalcontrol;guidanceandsupportneededtocomefrompeopleofthesameageandfromwithin.Inthepasttwodecades，however，continuedconnectionwithanddependenceonfamily，thankstocellphones，emailandsocialmedia，haveincreasedsignificantly.Someparentsgosofarastohelpwithcoursework.Insteadofpromotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility，universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardcontinuedparentalguidancetocollegestudents?

A．Sympathetic.B．Disapproving.C．Supportive. D．Neutral.√附注：英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中表示作者態(tài)度的高頻詞匯positive肯定的,積極的passive被動(dòng)的，消極的negative消極的supportive支持的disapproving不贊成的critical批評(píng)的conservative保守的suspicious可疑的，懷疑的puzzled/confused困惑的subjective主觀的objective客觀的neutral中立的concerned關(guān)心的，有關(guān)的optimistic樂(lè)觀的pessimistic悲觀的indifferent漠不關(guān)心的unconcerned不關(guān)心的

真題回顧“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:

“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit'sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”WhatisNick'sattitudetowardssharingthehouse

withhismother-in-law?A.Positive. B.Carefree.C.Tolerant. D.Unwilling.AInastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?A.It’llbeenvironment-friendly.B.It’llreachconsumerssoon.C.It’llbemadeofplastics.D.It’llhelpspeeduptyping.B2．文章來(lái)源或讀者對(duì)象類(lèi)推斷題考生本身要具備一定的常識(shí)，把文章的內(nèi)容與自己所具備的常識(shí)結(jié)合起來(lái)做出正確的判斷。如要對(duì)報(bào)紙、雜志、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、小說(shuō)、童話、廣告、說(shuō)明書(shū)、旅游指南、藥品說(shuō)明、操作指南等文章的語(yǔ)言特色，特別是其專(zhuān)用詞匯有基本的了解，根據(jù)文章的語(yǔ)言特色和其專(zhuān)用詞匯對(duì)號(hào)入座，快速選出最佳答案。

典題印證EUmembers’stateshaveagreedtobanatoxicsubstancewidelyfoundinclothingbecauseitposesan“acceptablerisk”totheenvironment.Countriesvotedinfavorofextendingexistingrestrictionsonnonylphenolethoxylates(NPE)toimportsofclothingandothertextileproducts.Themeasureisintendedtoprotectspeciesinwater.UseofNPEintextilemanufactureinEuropewasbannedover10yearsagobutthesubstanceisstillreleasedintothewaterenvironmentthroughimportedtextilesbeingwashed.……A2011studybyGreenpeacefoundNPEintwo-thirdsofclothestested,includingitemssoldbybig-namebrandssuchasAdidas,H&M,Lacoste,andRalphLauren.TheNGO(Non-GovernmentalOrganizations)arguedthatalthoughconcentrationsofNPEfoundintheclotheswerelow,thechemical’sexistenceintheenvironmentposedarisk.Whichsectionofthewebsitedoesthetextcomefrom?A.Lifestyle. B.Technology.C.Business. D.Environment.√答案D[解析]推理判斷題。這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文主要講述了歐盟禁止在織物中使用一種對(duì)環(huán)境有害的物質(zhì)NPE，這種物質(zhì)在織物清洗時(shí)會(huì)釋放到水中，影響水環(huán)境，進(jìn)而影響水中魚(yú)類(lèi)的生長(zhǎng)。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，尤其是第一段的EUmembers'stateshaveagreedtobanatoxicsubstancewidelyfoundinclothingbecauseitposesan''acceptablerisk''totheenvironment.(歐盟的成員國(guó)已經(jīng)同意禁止一種廣泛存在于服裝中的有毒物質(zhì)，因?yàn)樗鼘?duì)環(huán)境構(gòu)成了“可接受的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”)可知，本文主要講述了歐盟禁止在織物中使用一種對(duì)環(huán)境有害的物質(zhì)NPE，這種物質(zhì)在織物清洗時(shí)會(huì)釋放到水中，影響水環(huán)境，進(jìn)而影響水中魚(yú)類(lèi)的生長(zhǎng)。由此推測(cè)本文很有可能出現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)頁(yè)的環(huán)境相關(guān)的板塊。D.Environment.(環(huán)境)符合以上說(shuō)法，故選D項(xiàng)。3．寫(xiě)作意圖類(lèi)推斷題要求根據(jù)文章的論述，揣測(cè)作者的寫(xiě)作意圖。作者一般不直接陳述自己的意圖，而是通過(guò)文章所提供的事實(shí)，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或觀點(diǎn)。這種題型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同時(shí)還要具備對(duì)作者闡述問(wèn)題的方法進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)和分析的能力。判斷文章的寫(xiě)作目的時(shí)一定要對(duì)文章主題有正確的把握，閱讀時(shí)務(wù)必找準(zhǔn)文章的主旨句，準(zhǔn)確歸納文章主題。典題印證Ifyouareafruitgrower—orwouldliketobecomeone—takeadvantageofAppleDaytoseewhat’saround.It’scalledAppleDaybutinpracticeit’smorelikeAppleMonth.ThedayitselfisonOctober21，butsinceithascaughton，eventsnowspreadoutovermostofOctoberaroundBritain.Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee，andoftentaste，awidevarietyofapples.TopeoplewhoareusedtothelimitedchoiceofapplessuchasGoldenDeliciousandRoyalGalainsupermarkets，itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence，suchasDeciowhichwasgrownbytheRomans.Althoughitdoesn’ttasteofanythingspecial，it’sstillworthatry，asistheknobbly(多疙瘩的)Cat’sHeadwhichismoreofacuriositythananythingelse.Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette，butyou’llneedawarm，shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit，soit’sapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallforit.Attheevents，youcanmeetexpertgrowersanddiscusswhichoneswillbestsuityourconditions，andbecausethesearefamilyaffairs，childrenarewellcateredforwithapple--themedfunandgames.AppleDaysarebeingheldatallsortsofplaceswithaninterestinfruit,includingstatelygardensandcommercialorchards．Ifyouwanttohavearealorchardexperience，tryvisitingtheNationalFruitCollectionatBrogdale,nearFavershaminKent.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?

A．Toshowhowtogrowapples.B．Tointroduceanapplefestival.C．Tohelppeopleselectapples.D．Topromoteappleresearch.√答案

B[解析]寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Ifyouareafruitgrower—orwouldliketobecomeone—takeadvantageofAppleDaytoseewhat’saround.”和最后一段最后一句“Ifyouwanttohavearealorchardexperience，tryvisitingtheNationalFruitCollectionatBrogdale，nearFavershaminKent.”可知，作者向讀者介紹了一個(gè)節(jié)日——ApplyDay，并推薦人們參加這個(gè)節(jié)日。4．態(tài)度傾向類(lèi)推斷題考查考生是否了解文中作者或文中人物對(duì)某事物所持的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度。要求考生具有在正確理解文意的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度傾向進(jìn)行分析、識(shí)別的能力。該類(lèi)型題目的選項(xiàng)一般含有以下三類(lèi)詞：(1)中性詞：uninterested(不感興趣的)，neutral(中立的)，indifferent(漠不關(guān)心的)等；(2)褒義詞：positive(積極的)，supportive(支持的)，humorous(滑稽的)，enthusiastic(熱情的)，admiring(贊賞的)等；(3)貶義詞：disgusted(厭惡的)，critical(批評(píng)的)，negative(否定的，消極的)，disappointed(失望的)等。推斷觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題典題印證Thecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportantgrowthinautonomy(自主性)andthedevelopmentofadultidentity.However，nowtheyarebecominganextendedperiodofadolescence，duringwhichmanyoftoday’sstudentsarenotshoulderedwithadultresponsibilities.Forpreviousgenerations，collegewasadecisivebreakfromparentalcontrol;guidanceandsupportneededtocomefrompeopleofthesameageandfromwithin.Inthepasttwodecades，however，continuedconnectionwithanddependenceonfamily，thankstocellphones，emailandsocialmedia，haveincreasedsignificantly.Someparentsgosofarastohelpwithcoursework.Insteadofpromotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility，universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardcontinuedparentalguidancetocollegestudents?

A．Sympathetic.B．Disapproving.C．Supportive. D．Neutral.√答案B[解析]觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章第一段作者說(shuō)現(xiàn)在的大學(xué)生沒(méi)有承擔(dān)起成人的責(zé)任，第二段作者分析了原因，指出由于父母的引導(dǎo)延伸到了大學(xué)導(dǎo)致學(xué)生自主能力的缺失。附注：英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中表示作者態(tài)度的高頻詞匯positive肯定的,積極的passive被動(dòng)的，消極的negative消極的supportive支持的disapproving不贊成的critical批評(píng)的conservative保守的suspicious可疑的，懷疑的puzzled/confused困惑的subjective主觀的objective客觀的neutral中立的concerned關(guān)心的，有關(guān)的optimistic樂(lè)觀的pessimistic悲觀的indifferent漠不關(guān)心的unconcerned不關(guān)心的

WECOMBATANIMALDISEASESTOGETHER!Wewanttopreventseriousanimaldiseasessuchasfootandmouthdisease,classicalswinefeverandAfricanswinefeverfromspreadingtoFinland.Theseandotheranimaldiseasescanbetransmittedfromonecountrytoanotherbyanimalsorbymeatanddairyproductseveniftheyarepackedforpersonalconsumptionorintendedasgifts.Travelerslikeyouplayanimportantroleinpreventingthespreadofanimaldiseases.Don’tbringmeat,meatproducts,milkanddairyproductsfromnon-EUcountriestoFinland!AbanonpersonalimportsappliestomeatanddairyproductsbroughtintoFinlandbytravelersororderedandsentthroughthepost.Thebanappliestofoodstuffsintendedforpersonalconsumptionorasgiftsandtopetfood.Ifyouhavefoodproductsofanimaloriginwithyou,throwtheminawastecontainerinthepointofentryorcontactCustoms!Whomisthisnoticeintendedfor?A.FoodimportersinFinland.B.TravelerstoFinland.C.CitizensinEUcountries.D.Medicalstafffromnon-EUcountries.√答案B[解析]寫(xiě)作意圖類(lèi)推斷題。該應(yīng)用文是芬蘭食品管理局發(fā)出的一封共同抵御動(dòng)物疾病，特別是非洲豬瘟的通知，并對(duì)人們進(jìn)行了建議和指引。本題要求判斷文章所面向的讀者群體，這是一篇由政府官方管理機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)出的通知，綜合全文，特別是第一段末尾部分“…eveniftheyarepackedforpersonalconsumptionorintendedasgifts.Travelerslikeyouplayanimportantroleinpreventingthespreadofanimaldiseases.”提到，即使你是私人肉制品消費(fèi)或是把相關(guān)動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品買(mǎi)來(lái)當(dāng)禮物，也有傳播動(dòng)物疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，像你這樣的（普通）旅行者在防控動(dòng)物疾病傳播中扮演了十分重要的角色，所以這篇文章是寫(xiě)給來(lái)芬蘭旅游的人（travelers）看的，故選B?！竞笔「咧忻Ｂ?lián)盟2023屆新高三第一次聯(lián)合測(cè)評(píng)】TherearemanysourcesofdebateonalongToadtrip,includingrouteselection,thechoiceofsnacks,and,probablymostimportantly,whattoPlayontheradio.Findingawayforallpartiestolistentotheirownaudiowithouttheneedforheadphoneshasbeenagoalofcarmakersfordecades,andscientistsmayhavefinallymanagedit.AteamfromtheUniversityofLeMansinFrancecarefullypositionedmicrophones,speakersandfilters（過(guò)濾器）tocreatepersonalisedsoundzones(PSZs)insideacar,andthesmallregionsarewheresoundfromasetofspeakerscanbeheardclearly.Outsidethese,itcannotbeheard.Onebarrierwhichscientistshavepreviouslybeenunabletoovercomewastheimpactofmovingone’sseat.TheywereabletoformaPSZ,butunabletomoveittofollowapersoniftheymovedtheseatforwardsorbackwards.TheFrenchteamcreatedanewalgorithm(算法)specificallytotacklethisissue,whichhandlesthesoundwavestocreate“bright”and“dark”zonesinthecar.“Loudspeakersareplacedintheheadrests,andspecificfiltersforeachtransducer(換能器)arecalculatedtoreproduceasoundsignalthatmaintainsgoodqualityinthezoneunderconsiderationandisstronglyweakenedinotherzones.”saidDrLucasVindrola,theauthorofthestudy.“Thekeytothetechniqueworkingproperlyishavingsufficientmicrophonesplacedaroundthecartodetecthowmanypeopleareinthecarandwheretheyaresitting.Thepricetopayistohavecontrolmicrophonesinthepassengersection,sothatthealgorithmcanwork.”However,thetechniqueisnotyetreadytobecommerciallyrolledout