科技英語翻譯3a課件

科技英語翻譯的基本方法和技巧詞義的選擇英漢兩種語言都有一詞多類、一詞多義的現(xiàn)象。一詞多類就是指一個詞往往屬于幾個詞類，具有幾個不同的意思。一詞多義就是說同一個詞在同一個詞類中，又往往有幾個不同的詞義。根據(jù)詞類選擇詞義Anelectronisanextremelysmallcorpusclewithnegativechargewhichroundsaboutthenucleusofanatom.電子是繞著原子核轉(zhuǎn)動帶有負(fù)電荷的極其微小的粒子。（動詞）Theearthgoesroundthesun.地球環(huán)繞太陽運行。（介詞）Roundsurfacereflectorisakeyunitforthesolarenergydevice.彎曲面反射器是太陽能裝置的關(guān)鍵元件。（形容詞）Thetreemeasuresfortyinchesround.這棵樹樹圍40英寸。（副詞）Thisisthewholeroundofknowledge.這就是全部的知識范圍。（名詞）Plasticswasatfirstbasedoncoalandwood.最初塑料是從煤和木材中提取的。（動詞）Asweallknow,abasereactswithanacidtoformasalt.眾所周知，堿與酸起反應(yīng)變成鹽。（名詞）Ironandbrassarebasemetals.鐵和黃銅為非貴重金屬。（形容詞）Wehavenowaccumulatedaconsiderablebodyofknowledgeaboutelectronics.目前，我們在電子學(xué)方面已經(jīng)積累了大量知識。（名詞）Theyareindesperateneedofthiskindofbodiedoil.

他們非常需要這種聚合油。（過去分詞）Imaginationbodiesforththeformsofthingsunknown.想象力能使未知事物的形象呈現(xiàn)出來。（動詞）根據(jù)上下文選擇詞義Ourworktodayistoworkoutthedesign.我們今天的工作是把設(shè)計做出來。Tomovesomethingistodowork.移動物體就是作功。Welikehisworksverymuch.我們非常喜歡他的著作。Thebuildingofthesegiantironandsteelworkswillgreatlyacceleratethedevelopmentoftheironandsteelindustryofourcountry.這些大型鋼鐵廠的建立會大大地加速我國鋼鐵工業(yè)的發(fā)展。Theworksofthesewatchesandclocksareallhome-produced.這些鐘表里的機件全部都是國產(chǎn)的。Theelectronicmicroscopepossessesveryhighresolvingpowercomparedwiththeopticalmicroscope.與光學(xué)顯微鏡相比，電子顯微鏡具有極高的分辨率。Powercanbetransmittedoveralongdistance.電力可以輸送到很遠(yuǎn)的地方。Thefourthpowerofthreeiseighty-one.3的4次方是81。Thecombiningpowerofoneelementinthecompoundmustequalthecombiningpoweroftheotherelement.化合物中一種元素的化合價必須等于另一元素的化合價。Explosivetechnologicaldevelopmentafter1940gavethemedicalprofessionenormouspowertofightdiseaseandsickness.1940年以來，隨著技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展，醫(yī)學(xué)界大大提高了戰(zhàn)勝疾病的能力。Semiconductordeviceshavenofilamentorheatersandthereforerequirenoheatingpowerorwarmeduptime.半導(dǎo)體器件沒有燈絲，因此不需要加熱功率和加熱時間。Acarneedsalotofpowertogofast.汽車高速行駛需要很大動力。Streamsandwaterfallaresuitableforthedevelopmentofhydroelectricpower.溪流和瀑布適合用于開發(fā)水電能源。試譯下列各句，注意根據(jù)詞類確定劃線詞的詞義：Aluminiumislightandstrongsothatitiswidelyusedinaircraftindustry.Likechargesrepel,whileunlikechargesattract.Itistheatomsthatmakeupiron,water,oxygenandthelike.Amagneticfieldisbuilduproundthecoil.Smallasatomsare,electronsarestillsmaller.Key:鋁既輕又堅硬，所以廣泛用于航空工業(yè)。同性電荷相斥，異性電荷相吸。正是原子構(gòu)成了鐵、水、氧等等。線圈周圍形成了一個磁場。原子雖小，但電子卻更小。試譯下列各句，注意根據(jù)上下文確定劃線詞的詞義：Whensunlightfallsontheleavesofplants,itistransformedintochemicalenergy.Thereisnophysicalcontactbetweenworkpieceandtool.Theamountofworkisequaltotheproductoftheforcebythedistance.Thethickerthewire,themorefreelyitwillcarrycurrent,andthelessitsresistance.Whenthepressuregetslow,theboilingpointbecomeslow.Packagedsoftwareisdevelopedtoservethespecificneedsofoneuser.Noisesmaydevelopinawornengine.Shortsfrequentlydevelopwheninsulationisworn.Sureenough,80percentoftheplantsdevelopedthedisease.Otherisolationmethodsarebeingdeveloped.Indevelopingthedesign,wemustconsiderthefeasibilityofprocessing.Afterthewarmuchofthisknowledgewaspouredintothedevelopingofthecomputers.Packagedsoftwareisdevelopedtoservethespecificneedsofoneuser.軟件包的開發(fā)只是為某一用戶的特定需要服務(wù)。Noisesmaydevelopinawornengine.磨損了的引擎里可能會產(chǎn)生各種噪聲。Shortsfrequentlydevelopwheninsulationisworn.絕緣被磨損時往往會發(fā)生短路。Sureenough,80percentoftheplantsdevelopedthedisease.果然，80%的莊稼都染上了這種病。Otherisolationmethodsarebeingdeveloped.目前正在研究其他隔離方法。Indevelopingthedesign,wemustconsiderthefeasibilityofprocessing.在進(jìn)行設(shè)計時，必須考慮加工的可能性。Afterthewarmuchofthisknowledgewaspouredintothedevelopingofthecomputers.戰(zhàn)后，這項知識大量地應(yīng)用于研制計算機。Amathematicalorlogicaloperationmustmeetacertaincondition.Interactiveprogrammingconditionsarenowavailableforsomecommercialprogramminglanguages.Theresultsofabiopsyindicateararenonmalignantcondition.Doctorslearnthathesuffersfromablooddisorderandhesitate