網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化資源1ipv6經(jīng)典匯總2協(xié)議基礎(chǔ)3icmpv6and ndp

第2IPv6鄰居發(fā)現(xiàn)協(xié)議第3IPv6地址配置技術(shù)第4章PMTU發(fā)現(xiàn)第5章IPv6的 ICMPv6（InternetControlMessageProtocolfortheIPv6）是IPv6的基礎(chǔ)協(xié)議之一，定義在RFC2463中協(xié)議類型號（即IPv6NextHeader）為鄰居發(fā)現(xiàn)（NeighborDiscovery）、PathMTU發(fā)現(xiàn)機(jī)制ICMPv6（RFCICMPv60，也就是ICMPv6–信息類消息（informationmessages）高bit為1，也就是ICMPv6Type=[128,255]數(shù)據(jù)包超長PacketToo 參數(shù)問題Parameter信息報(bào)文回送請求報(bào)文（Echo

路由器請求（RouterSolicitation）鄰居請求（NeighborSolicitation） 多播偵聽發(fā)現(xiàn)協(xié)議

第2IPv6鄰居發(fā)現(xiàn)協(xié)議第3IPv6地址配置技術(shù)第4章PMTU發(fā)現(xiàn)第5章IPv6的 重復(fù)地址檢測（DuplicateAddressDetect,第1第2節(jié)鄰居狀態(tài)第3第45節(jié)重定向IamlookingforB,whatislink-layeraddressofA

Iamhere,I lyoulink-layerB ICMPType=Source=Destination=solicited-nodemulticastofBData=link-layeraddressofAQuery=Whatisyourlink-layer

ICMPType=Source=Destination=Data=link-layeraddressof–(NeighborSolicitation(NeighborAdvertisementR標(biāo)志（Routerflag）表示發(fā)送者是否為路由器，如果1S標(biāo)志（Solicitedflag）表示發(fā)送鄰居通告是否是響應(yīng)某個鄰居請求，如果1則表示是；TragetAddress表示所攜帶的鏈路層地址對應(yīng)的IPv6地址。第1第2節(jié)鄰居狀態(tài)第3第45節(jié)重定向鄰居狀態(tài)有5PLETEREACHABLESTALEDELAYPROBE

一個例子：節(jié)點(diǎn)A A先發(fā)送NS，并生成緩存條目，狀態(tài) plete->Empty，即刪除條在Stale狀態(tài)若A要向B發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)，發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)，并從Stale->Delay 第1 第4節(jié)路由器發(fā)現(xiàn)第5節(jié)重定向ANEWADDRESS

ICMPType=Source=Destination=FF02::1:FF00:1TargetAddress=2000::1Query=Isanyoneusingthis

ICMPType=Source=2000::1Destinationt=FF02::1TargetAddress=2000::1Answer=Iamusingthis ，就發(fā)送non-solicited當(dāng)一方收到對方發(fā)出的DADNS，則接 2000::1在preferredtime和validlifetime之間叫做deprecated狀態(tài)，當(dāng)?shù)刂愤_(dá)到過了validlifetime時間，地址就變?yōu)閕nvalid，這時任何連接就會down掉第1第2節(jié)鄰居狀態(tài)第3第4第5節(jié)重定向路由器周期發(fā)送 ICMPType=Source=routerlink-localDestination=all-nodesmulticastaddress(FF02::1)DataRouterlifetime,CurhoplimitAutoconfigflag,options(prefix、MTU)AnodeMUSTsilentlydiscardanyreceivedRouterAdvertisementmessagesthatdonotsatisfyallofthefollowingvaliditychecks:IPSourceAddressisalink-localaddress.Routersmustusetheirlink-localaddressasthesourceforRouterAdvertisementandRedirectmessagessothathostscanuniquelyidentifyTheIPHopLimitfieldhasavalueof255,i.e.,thecouldnotpossiblyhavebeenforwardedbyaIfthemessageincludesanIPAuthenticationHeader,theauthenticatesICMPChecksumisICMPCodeisICMPlength(derivedfromtheIPlength)is16ormoreAllincludedoptionshavealengththatisgreaterthan主機(jī)接口初始化時發(fā)RSRouterSolicitation)消息，路由器RRICMPType=Source=selfinterfaceDestination=all-routermulticastaddress第1第2節(jié)鄰居狀態(tài)第3第4第5節(jié)重定向機(jī)FordestinationB,Ashould R2asthedirect

ICMPType=Source=R1Destination=B

Redirected第2IPv6鄰居發(fā)現(xiàn)協(xié)議第3IPv6地址配置技術(shù)第4章PMTU發(fā)現(xiàn)第5章IPv6的 第1第2第3第4節(jié)手工配置無狀態(tài)自動配置 ess有狀態(tài)自動配置（stateful由RouterAdvertisement報(bào)文決定采用何種自 ess有狀態(tài)自動配置（stateful第1第2第3第4節(jié)手工配置– IPICMP–CurhoplimitCurHopLimit表示發(fā)送IP ess essDHCPv6normallycombinessta addressassignment,DHCPv6exchangeforallotherconfiguration1.RouterAdvertisement(RA)sent,containinglink1.RouterAdvertisement(RA)sent,containinglinkprefix,alsowith“Otherconfigurationflag”=ON

optioninRA,thensendsDHCPv6ipv6ipv6ndother-config- -MacAddress:AddressIs:NewPrefixReceived+Link-LayerAddress

SendsNewNetwork-(Prefix,DefaultRoute,Data=TwoCurrentprefix(tobewithshortNewprefix(tobeused),withLargerAddressSpaceRenumbering,usingautoconfigurationandmultipleRouterConfigurationafteripv6prefix43200ipv6prefix43200interfaceinterfaceipv6ndprefixipv6ndprefix2001:db8:c18:2::/6443200atJul31200823:59Jul202008NewNetworkPrefix:Deprecated RouterHostaddressdeprecateddeprecatedaddress2001:db8:c18:1:260:8ff:fede:8fbepreferredaddress2001:db8:c18:2:260:8ff:fede:8fbeIPv6第1第2第3第4節(jié)手工配置ipv6address2002::1/64ipv6ndmanaged-config-flagipv6ndother-config-flagipv6dhcpserveryeslabipv6dhcppoolyeslabaddressprefix2002::/64dns-server2000::1- DHCPv4/DHCPv6ProtocolDHCPInitial→Server(1)Server→→Server(3)Server→UpdatedversionofDHCPforfirstdetectthepresenceofroutersontheIffound,thenexaminesrouteradvertisementstodetermineifDHCPcanbeIfnorouterfoundorifDHCPcanbeused,DHCPSolicitmessageissenttotheAll-DHCP-Usingthelink-localaddressasthesourceFF02::1:2=AllDHCPAgents(serversorrelays,Link-localscope)FF05::1:3=AllDHCPServers(Site-localscope)DHCP slistenUDPport546;serversandrelayagentslistenUDPportManagingDHCPv6viaRouterRAsRAsCanBeUsedtoControl with“UseStatefulAutoconfigurationFlag”=ON

3.3.ServersendsDHCPv6 sendsDHCPv6 sendsDHCPv6 sends sendsDHCPv6 sendsDHCPv6

r1#showipv6interfacebriefr1#showipv6interfacebrief interfaceFastEthernet0/0ipv6addresskakainterfaceFastEthernet0/0ipv6addresskaka::1234/64ipv6enableipv6ipv6 pdipv6dhcppoolipv6address2012::7/64ipv6dhcpserverkaka第1第2第3第4節(jié)手工配置WhattheWhatthethatIcannotaccesstheserver?changeajustnow.第2IPv6鄰居發(fā)現(xiàn)協(xié)議第3IPv6地址配置技術(shù)第4章PMTU發(fā)現(xiàn)第5章IPv6的

RRRR PacketwithICMPerror:packettoobig,usePacketwithICMPerror:packettoobig,use

Packetwith DecreasesinpathMTUareimmedia ydiscoveredthroughthereceiptofICMPv6PacketTooBigmessages.IncreasesinpathMTUmustbedetectedbythesendingnode.AsdescribedinRFC1981,thesendingnodecanattempttosendalargerIPv6packetafteraminimumof5minutes(10minutesare mended)uponreceivinganICMPv6PacketTooBigmessage.第2IPv6鄰居發(fā)現(xiàn)協(xié)議第3IPv6地址配置技術(shù)第4章PMTU發(fā)現(xiàn)第5章IPv6的 IPv6 一個新的用 IPv6andAIP.AA6A60IPaddressPTRPTR .0.0.0..第2IPv6鄰居發(fā)現(xiàn)協(xié)議第3IPv6地址配置技術(shù)第4章PMTU發(fā)現(xiàn)第5章IPv6的 第6章安全性和移動Nextheader=IPsecAH

IPsecAH

IPv6basicheaderIPsecAHheaderNextExtHdrVariousIPsecAHIPsecAuthenticationHeader(AH)AuthenticationoftheOptional yNextheader=IPsecESP

IPv