中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解之社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類

基礎(chǔ)義務(wù)教育資料

閱讀理解之社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類

（一）

DIY,whichmeansDoItYourself,isquitepopularintheUK.Lotsofstoresandsupermarketssell

DIYthings.TVprogrammesshowpeoplehowtoDIY.

EnglishpeoplelikeDIY.ThereisasayinginUK"AsEnglishman'shomeishiscastle".A

numberofpeoplespendtheirholidaysmakingtheirhomesbeautiful“castles”.Ifthereis

anythingthatneedsfixingaroundtheirhomes,suchaspaintingthewallsorputtinginanew

shower,theywilldothejobsthemselves.TheyshareDIYexperiencewiththeirfriends.Moreand

morepeoplehavediscoveredthejoyofDIY.SometimespeoplealsoDIYforsavingmoney.With

theeconomicdownturn（經(jīng)濟(jì)萎縮）atpresent,manypeoplecannotaffordabighouse.Theyare

lookingathowtheycanmaketheirhousebetterwithoutspendingalotofmoney.Itisnot

surprisingthatDIYissopopular.

DIYcanbedifficult.ThereisabigmarketfbrDIYfurniturewhichpeopleneedtoget

togetherthemselveswithafewbasictools.However,peopleoftenfinditnoteasytobuildapiece

offurniturebecausetheycan'tunderstandtheinstructions.Sometimestheinstructionsaresimple

andclear,butthefurnitureitselfisdifficulttobuild.Onethingisforsure,thoughmostDIY

projectsarestartedwiththebestintentions（意圖）.Manyofthemmaynotgetfinished.DIYcan

alsobedangerous.Forexample,anythingelectricalshouldbedonebyaprofessional（專業(yè)的）

worker.Unluckily,manypeopledon'tcareaboutthiswarningandputthemselvesindanger.Itis

reportedthatinjustoneyearover230,000peoplewerehurtwhiledoingDIYinUK,including

41,000whofelloffladders.

SoDIYcanbringusfunandhelpussavemoney,butitisnotalwaysaseasyasitis

thoughttobeifwebiteoffmorethanwecanchew（貪多嚼不爛）.Maybefactoriesshouldmake

productsthatareeasierandsaferforustoDIY.

1.Theword“afford“inthepassagemeans.

A.買得起B(yǎng).喪失C.賺到D.住進(jìn)

2.HowdomanyEnglishpeoplespendtheirholidaystothepassage?

A.Makingtheirhomesbeautiful.B.Visitingtheirfriends.

C.TravellingallovertheworldD.Makingalotofmoney

3WhydoEnglishpeoplelikeDIY?

A.ManystoressellDIYthings.B.DIYcanbringthemfun.

C.TVprogrammesteachthemtoDIYD.AilDIYprojectsareeasy.

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.DIYisawasteofmoney.B.itisalwaysdifficulttoDIY.

C.ItisverysafeforustoDIY.D.WeshouldbecarefulwhiledoingDIY.

5.Inthepassage,t4webiteoffmorethanwecanchew"probablymeans.

A.Wecaneateverythingwelike.B.Weshoulddosomethingdifficult.

C.Wedosomethingthatistoodifficult.D.Weeattoomuchfoodthatisnotsafe.

（二）

AmericannutritionexpertProfessorBarryPopkinsaysthatthenumberofoverweight

peopleintheworldisnowbiggerthanthenumberofpeoplewhodon'thaveenoughtoeat.A

billionpeopleworldwidenowweightoomuchandthenumberofobesepeopleisnowmorethan

300million."Obese"meansatleast15kilosheavierthanyoushouldbe.However,therearealso

800millionpeopleintheworldwhodon'thaveenoughtoeat.

ProfessorPopkinsaidthatthenumberofhungrypeopleisfallingslowlybutthenumberof

overweightpeopleisrisingfast.Themainreasonsforthisare:

?peoplearedoinglesshardphysicalwork

?morepeopleworldwidenoweattoomuchfattyfood

?toomanypeoplearedrivingcarsinsteadofwalking

?peoplespendtoomuchtimeinfrontofatelevision

TheUnitedStateshasthehighestrateofobesityinthedevelopedworldandJapanhasthe

lowest.ProfessorBenjaminSenauerisabsolutelycertainofthereasonsforthis.

"Japanesepeoplearefit.Theyusepublictransportandwalk,“hesaid."Theaverage

Americandrivestoworkanddrivestosupermarket.Whenhegetshome,hesitsonacouchin

frontoftheTVandeatsjunkfbod.”

InBritainandmanyotherEuropeancountries,therearethreetimesasmanyobesepeople

astherewere20yearsago.AbouttwothirdsofBritishadultsareoverweightorobese."The

effectsofthisareclear,saidLondondoctorElenaPower."Wehavemoreillnessesrelatedto

weightandfewerfitpeople.

Chinausedtobeoneoftheslimmestnationsintheworld.However,ProfessorWu

YangfengfromtheChineseAcademyofMedicalSciencesinBeijingrecentlyestimated（估計(jì)）

that20percentoftheworld'soverweightpeopleliveinChina.TheChinesegovernmentis

especiallyworriedabouttheincreaseinobesityamongschoolchildren.

“Wehaveaseriousproblem,saidProfessorWu."Itrequiresanimprovementfrom

everyone,oritwillgetworse.

1.Howmanypeopleweightoomuchintheworldnow?

A.Abillion.B.20billion.C.300million.D.800million.

2.ProfessorPopkinprobablyagreesthat.

A.walkingtoworkhelpspeoplekeepfitB.watchingTVmakespeopleputonweight

C.eatingfoodwithoutfathelpspeoplekeepfitD.workinginofficesmakespeopleputonweight

3.WhichofthefollowingisNotTrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Beingoverweightcancausemoreillnesses.

B.AbouttwothirdsofBritishpeopleareoverweight.

C.MoreandmoreschoolchildrenareoverweightinChina.

D.MostJapanesepeoplearehealthierthanthoseinothercountries.

4.Whatdoesthewritertrytotellusinthepassage?

A.Theimportanceoflosingweight.B.Howpeoplekeepfitallovertheworld.

C.Howmanycountrieshavehealthproblem.D.Thenumberofoverweightpeopleisgrowing.

（三）

InSeptember2013,theChinaNationalTourismAdministration（國(guó)家旅游局）issuedanew

setoftouristguidelineinordertoimprovetourists*behaviorwhentheytravelabroad.Although

the64handbookcontainssuggestionsforChinesetouristswhentravelingathome,themain

purposeistoimprovethepoorreputation（聲譽(yù)）ofChinesetouristsabroad.

In2013,morethan83millionChinesepeopletraveledoverseas,up18percentfromthe

year2012,accordingtotheChinaTourismAcademy.Butevenastheytravelfarther,theChinese

touristscontinuetotakebadhabitswiththem.FromdamagingancientEgyptiantemplestoletting

childrendefecate（排便）inthemiddleofairports,Chinesetouristshaveearnedabadfame.

ChineseVice-PremierWangYangevenstressedtheneedforChinesetouriststobehavebetter

whiletravelingoverseassoastoprotectChina'simageabroad.

Nowwiththelatest"guidebook0,Chinesetravelersshouldhavenoexcuseforrude

behavior.Accordingtotheguidelines,whenusingtherestroom,Chinesetouristsareaskednotto

forgettoflushthetoiletafterusingit.

Theguidelinesalsoremindtouristsofnotfightingwithotherswhentheywanttotake

picturesattouristattractions.Whenflying,theguidelinesadvisetravelersnottotakelifevests（救

生衣）awayfromairplanes.

Chinesetouristsarealsoencouragedtoberespectfuloflocalcustomswhereverthey

travel.IntheUnitedKingdom,forexample,itisnotpolitetoaskpeople"Whereareyougoing?"

or

“Haveyoueaten?",thehandbooksays.

Nevertheless,withaveryshorthistoryoftravelingoverseas,itisnotsurprisingthatmany

Chinesetouristsbehavebadlyontheirforeigntrips.Weshouldgivethemtimetochange.

1.What*sthemainpurposeofthenewguideline?

A.ToimprovetheChinesetourists'behaviorabroad.

B.ToguidetheChinesetouristshowtotravelfarther.

C.Tointroducethefamousplacesofinterestallovertheworld.

D.TogivesuggestionstoChinesetouristswhentravelingathome.

2.Howmanypeopletraveledabroadin2012?

A.About83million.B.About18million.

C.About98million.D.About70million.

3.WhichofthefollowingbehaviorisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

A.DamagingancientEgyptiantemples.

B.Takinglifevestsawayfromairplanes.

C.Fightingwithotherswhentakingpictures.

D.Takingphotosinareasmarked"Nophotos'1.

4.WhatareChinesetouristsencouragedtodo?

A.Respectlocalcustomswherevertheytravel.

B.Trytobepolitebothathomeandabroad.

C.Askquestionswhentheymeetwithdifficulty.

D.Taketheguidebookwiththemwhentravelingabroad.

（四）

Almosteverychildincitieshasthechancetogotoschool,butnotallchildreninthe

countriesaresolucky.

ThereisagirlcalledXiaoFang.Sheiseightyearsoldandlivesinasmallvillagein

Guangxi.Whenshewasyoung,shewantedtogotoschool.Butshecouldnot,becauseherfamily

wastoopoortoaffordtheschoolfeesforher,soherparentshadtokeepherathome.Insteadof

studying,XiaoFangworkedinthefieldswithherparentseveryday.ThenHopeProjectheard

aboutXiaoFang.ItagreedtohelpXiaoFangtogotoschool.Herwishofstudycametrue,and

nowsheisstudyinginaschool.

Unluckilytherearemanythousandsofchildrenwhocannotgotoschool.Youcanjoin

inHopeProjectandhelpthesechildren.Youknowallthegoodworkneedsmoney.HopeProject

needsyourhelp.

IfyougiveHopeProjectY300eachyear,itcanpayforonechildtogotoschoolfora

wholeyear.Withmoremoney,HopeProjectcanbuildnewschools,buygooddesks,chairs,

blackboardsandbooks.Let'shelpthechildrentogetherandgivethemachancetohaveagood

startinlife.

1.cangotoschool.

A.AlmosteverychildinChinaB.Almosteverychildinbigcities

C.AlmosteverychildintheworldD.Almosteverychildinsmallvillages

2.Thewords“schoolfees'*inthesecondpassagemean.

A.交通費(fèi)B.住宿費(fèi)C.學(xué)費(fèi)D.生活費(fèi)

3.With￥300,.

A.anewschoolcanbebuiltB.onechildcangotoschoolfornineyears

C.manychildrencangotoschoolD.achildcangotoschoolforawholeyear

4.HopeProjecthelpedXiaoFangbecause

A.itheardaboutherB.sheknewsomeoneworkingthere

C.shewenttoaskforhelpD.shewrotealettertothenewspaper

5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.HopeProjecthelpstobuildnewschools

B.HopeProjecthelpsthepoorchildrentogotoschool

C.HopeProjecthelpsschoolstobuydesks,chairs,books,etc.

D.Alltheabove

㈤

Newrulesandbehaviorstandards（行為規(guī)范）formiddleschoolstudentscameoutinMarch.

MiddleSchoolisgoingtouseanewwaytodecidewhothetopstudentsare.Thebeststudents

won'tonlyhavehighmarks.Theywillalsobekidswhodon'tdye（染）theirhair.Thefollowing

aresomeofthenewrules.

Tellthetruth.Haveyouevercopiedsomeoneelse'sworkonanexam?Don'tdoitagain!

That'snotsomethinganhoneststudentshoulddo.Ifyouhaveplayedcomputergamesfortwo

hoursinyourroom,don'ttellyourparentsyouhavedonehomework.

Domoreatschool.Goodstudentsloveanimalsandcareforotherpeople.Aprilis

Bird-lovingmonthinChina.Isyourschooldoinganythingtocelebrate?Youshouldjoin!That

way,youcanlearnmoreaboutanimalsandhowtoprotectthem.Whenmorepeopleworktogether,

itmakesitmorefunforeveryone.

Haveyoueverquarreledwithyourteammateswhenyourbasketballteamlost?Only

workingtogethercanmakeyourteamstronger.Befriendlytothepeopleyouarewith.Tryto

thinkofothers,notonlyyourself.

Beopentonewideas.Haveyoueverthoughtthatpeoplecouldliveonthemoon?

Maybeyou'lldiscoverEarthIIsomeday.Don'tlookdownonnewideas.Everyone'sideasare

important.Youshouldwelcomethem,becausenewideasmakelifebetterforeveryone.

Protectyourself.Hassomeoneevertakenmoneyfromoneofyourclassmates?Don'tlet

ithappentoyou.Ifyouhavetogohomelate,youshouldletyourparentsknow.

UsetheInternetcarefully.TheInternetcanbeveryusefulforyourstudies.Butsome

thingsontheInternetaren'tforkids,sotrytolookatWebpagesthataregoodfbryou.Youcan

usetheWebforrunorhomework.Can'tyoufindanygood!Websitesforchildren?Herearesome:

Http://Http:〃www.Chinakids,http:www.C

31.Thenewschoolruleswillhelpkidsbytellingthem.

A.howtheycanstudywellB.whattheyshoulddoatschool

C.whatisrightandwhatiswrongD.howtheycanprotectthemselves

32.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

A.Takecareofyourselfwhenyouareout.

B.Tellthetruth,evenwhenyouarewrong.

C.Keepsomeanimalstoprotectthem.

D.UsetheInternet,butkeepawayfrombadthings.

33.Themainideaofthefourthparagraphisabout.

A.makingtheteamstrongerB.helpingwitheachother

C.beingagoodfriendtoothersD.gettingonwellwithothers

34.GoodWebsitesfbrchildrencan.

A.beawasteoftimeB.helpthemwiththeirstudies

C.dohomeworkforthemD.makelifeeasier

35.Thepassagetellsushowto.

A.betopstudentsB.domoreatschoolC.careforothersD.usetheInternet

（六）

Weaskedthirtychildrenbetween14and18.Allthechildrenhadcomputersathome.The

usualtimespentoncomputerinaweekwasabout12hours,withthehighest

userabout32hours,andthelowestuseronly5hours.

Al1thechildrensaidtheyusuallyusedcomputerstoplaygames.Fourteenchildrentoldus

thevdidsomewordprocessing（文字處理）attimes.Onlytwoofthemsaidcomputershelpedthem

withtheirlessons,andeightchildrentoldustheykeptaddressesandphonenumbersontheir

computersorusedthemasdiaries.Onlythreechildrensaidtheywerelearningtomakecomputer

programsandnobodylookedupdatabases（數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)）.Thediagramgivesalltheresultsoneby

one.Theresultsshowthatcomputeruseisquitehighamong14to18-year-oldchildren.They

alsoshowquiteclearlythatcomputersarelookedonbymostyoungpeopleaslittlemorethan

gamemachines.Itmeansthat,thoughcomputersarecommoninthehomesofyoungpeople,they

havenotyetbecomepopularineverydaylife.

1.Inthediagram,whatdoestheletter"d"show?

A.Itshowsthreepeoplebetween14and18.

B.Itshowsonlytwoofthethirtychildren.

C.Itshowsthatonlytwoofthemusecomputerstohelpthemwiththeirlessons.

D.Itshowsthatonlythreeofthemusecomputerstohelpthemmakecomputerprograms.

2.Mostofthe30childrenspentabouthoursoncomputersinaweek.

A.5B.12C.20D.32

3.ThereiSonemistakeinthediagram.Whatisit?

A.Thenumberof44e"shouldbelower.B.Thenumberofttd,,shouldbehigher.

C.The.numberof"a"istoohigh.D.Thereshouldbenonumberabout'f'.

4.1nthelastparagraph"littlemorethan^^means.

A.almostthesameasB.farmorethanC.differentfromD.muchmorethan

5.Thewriterthinks.

A.childrenmustlearntoplayallkindsofgames

B.moreotherusesofcomputersshouldbelearned

C.youngpeopleshouldspendmoretimeoncomputers

D.computerswillbecomemuchcheaper

（七）

Mostteenagersfeelsadorafraidwhentheirparentsfight.Theymightthinktheirparents

don9tloveeachotheranymore.

Infact,itisnormalforparentstodisagreeandarguesometimes.Theymightdisagreeabout

importantthinglikejobsandfamilydecisions.Theymightevendisagreeaboutlittlethingthat

don'tseemimportantatall-likewhafsfordinner.Maybesometimesparentsfeelsostrongly

abouttheirdifferencesthatitmayleadtoarguments.However,theseargumentsareoftenover

quickly.Parentsmaysaysorryandmakeup,andthefamilyreturnstonormal

Asafamilymember,youshouldfindoutwhatitreallymeanswhenyourparentsfight.When

yourparentsgetangrywitheachother,theymightsaythingstheydon'treallymean.Ifyour

parentsarefighting,don'tworrytoomuchaboutit.Trytofindagoodwaytosolveit.

Ifyourparent'sfightingreallybothersyou,youmightfindithardtosleeporgottoschool.If

thishappens,trytalkingtoyourparents.Theymaynotevenrealizeituntilyoutellthemhowtheir

fightinghasinfluencedyou.Youcanalsotellotherrelatives,ateacheroraclosefriend.

Justrememberthatnofamilyisperfectandargumentsarecommonineveryfamily.

56.Whatdoesitmeanwhenparentsfight?

A.Theyaren'thappywiththeirfamily.

B.Theydon'tloveeachotheranymore.

C.Theydisagreewitheachotheraboutsomething.

57.Theunderlinedpart“makeup"inparagraph2means"___"inChinese.

A.彌補(bǔ)B.組成C.和解

58.Theunderlinedwordrefersto"___

A.yourparents'fighting.B.yourparents9lifeC.yourparents,difference

59.Whatshouldwedowhenourparents,fightingbothersus?

A.Talktothem.B.Shoutatthem.C.Saysomethingnicetothem.

60.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Parents'fightingoftenlastsalongtime.B.Parentsmightfightoversmallthings.

C.Teenagersshouldneverarguewiththeirparents.

（八）

Mobilephonehasbecomeaproblemformiddleschools.SomemiddleschoolsinAustralia

havebannedstudentsfromcarryingmobilephonesduringschoolhours.

Mobilephoneuseamongchildrenhasbecomeaproblemfortheschoolthisyear.Several

childrenhavegotmobilephonesasChristmasgifts,andmorestudentswillwantthem.

MaryBluett,anofficial,saidmobilephone'suseisadistractiontostudentsduringschool

hoursanditalsogivesteacherssomuchtroubleintheirclassrooms.Teacherswerealsosaying

thatsometimesstudentsmightusephonemessagestocheatduringexams.

Shesaidsomeschoolshadtriedtobanmobilephones.Someparentsfeltunhappybecause

theycouldn'tgetintouchwiththeirchildren.

Manyteacherssaidstudentsshouldnothavemobilephonesatschool,butiftherewasagood

reason,theycouldleavetheirphonesatschooloffice.Theyalsosaidthereweremanyreasons

whythestudentsshouldnothavemobilephonesatschool:theywereeasytoloseandwerea

distractionfromstudies.

Manypeoplesaythattheyunderstandwhyparentswouldwanttheirchildrentohavephones,

buttheythinkschoolsshouldletthestudentsknowwhentheycanusetheirmobilephones.

46.SomemiddleschoolsinAustraliahavebannedstudentsfromcarryingmobilephones—.

A.becausetheyarestudentsB.whentheyarefree

C.whentheyareatschoolD.becausetheyarechildren

47.Weknowfromthepassagethatsomechildrengetmobilephonesfrom.

A.themakersandsellersB.thepasser-byandstrangers

C.theirparentsandfriendsD.somemobilephoneusers

48.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordcheatmeaninthepassage?

A.聊天B.作弊C.查詢D.核對(duì)

49.Someparentsfeltunhappybecausetheycouldn't__duringschoolhours.

A.usetheirmobilephonesB.leavetheirmobilephonesatschooloffice

C.helptheteacherswiththeirworkD.getintouchwiththeirchildren

50.Thepassagetellsusthat_.

A.studentsshouldn'thavemobilephonesatschoolexceptforsomespecialreasons

B.itisimpossibletobanstudentsfromusingmobilephoneatschool

C.someparentsfeltunhappybecausetheycouldn'tusetheirphonesatschool

D.parentsshouldteachtheirchildrenhowtousemobilephonesduringschoolhours

（九）

Oldagemaynotsoundexciting.Butrecentfindingsoffergoodnewsforolderpeopleandfor

peopleworriedaboutgettingolder.Researchersfoundthatpeoplebecomehappierandexperience

lesswoiTyaftertheyreachtheageof50.Infact,theysaybytheageof85,peoplearehappierwith

theirlifethantheywerewhentheywere18yearsold.

Thefindingscamefromasurveyofmorethan340,000adultsintheUnitedStates.The

GallupOrganizationquestionedthembytelephonein2008.Atthattime,thepeoplewerebetween

theagesof18and85.Theresearchersaskedquestionsaboutemotionslikehappiness,sadnessand

worry.Theyalsoaskedaboutmentaloremotionalstress.

ArthurStoneintheDepartmentofPsychiatryandBehavioralScienceatStonyBrook

UniversityinNewYorkledthestudy.Histeamfoundthatlevelsofstresswerehighestamong

adultsbetweentheagesof24and25.Thefindingsshowedthatstresslevelsdroppedsharplyafter

peoplereachedtheirfifties.

Thestudyalsoshowedthatmenandwomenhavesimilarfeelingpatternsastheygrowolder.

However,womenatallagesreportedmoresadness,stressandworrythanmen.

Researcherssaytheydonotknowwhyhappinessincreasesaspeoplegetolder.Onetheoryis

that,aspeoplegrowolder,theygrowmorethankfulforwhattheyhaveandhavebettercontrolof

theirfeelings.Theysospendlesstimethinkingaboutbadexperiences.

ProfessorStonesaystheemotionalpatternscouldbelinkedtochangesinhowpeopleseethe

world,ormaybeevenchangesinbrainchemistry.

Theresearchersalsoconsideredpossibleinfluenceslikehavingyoungchildren,being

unemployedorbeingsingle.Buttheyfoundthatinfluenceslikethesedidnotaffectthelevelsof

happinessandwell-beingrelatedtoage.

51.AccordingtothetheGallupOrganizationpeoplearemostlikelytobecomehappier_.

A.whentheyarebetweentheagesof18and85B.whentheycometotheiroldage

C.whentheyareintheirtwentiesD.whentheyare18yearsold

52.Youmayhavethehighestlevelofstresswhenyouareattheageof_.

A.20B.25C.35D.40

53.AccordingtoArthurStone,oldpeoplemay_.

A.haveapositiveattitudetowardstheirlifeB.knowhowtospendmoneywisely

C.dreamaboutgoodthingseverydayD.controltheirbehaviorsbetter

54.Whowouldprobablyshowthegreatestinterestinthepassage?

A.ThosewhoareworriedaboutgettingoldB.Thosewhoaresingleandunemployed

C.ThosewhofeelunhappyallthetimeD.Thosewhosufferfrommentalstress

55.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.GettingOlderMeansGettingHappierB.TheYoungAreHappierThantheOld

C.WomenAreEasiertoBeHappyinLifeD.TheYounger,theHappier

（十）

Takealookatteenagersaround,dressedinbaggy-pants（寬松褲）,drinkingsoftdrinkssuchas

coke,readingJapanesecartoons.WhetheryouareinBeijing,WuhanorHongKong,youwillget

thesameimpression.Butshouldwecopyothersorshouldwemaintainourdifferences?

Itsoundsconvenientthatpeoplearoundtheworl