高三語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)1

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(is/are/do/does)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)〔S+V〕主要用來(lái)表示人、事物的現(xiàn)在狀況和特點(diǎn)(tèdiǎn)；表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，句子中常有often,usually等.〔1〕Heusuallygoestoworkat7o’clockeverymorning.

〔2〕Theearthgoesaroundthesun.

〔3〕Guangzhouissituatedin(位于)thesouthofChina.考點(diǎn)一：表示永恒的真理，即使出現(xiàn)在過(guò)去的語(yǔ)境中，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。IlearnedthattheearthgoesaroundthesunwhenIwasinprimary〔初級(jí)的〕school.

第一頁(yè)，共21頁(yè)。1考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)；【主將(zhǔjiàng)從現(xiàn)】常用的引導(dǎo)詞有：時(shí)間：when,until,after,before,assoonas〔一...就....〕,once(以前),themoment/theminute〔一....就....〕,theday;條件：if,unless,provided〔假設(shè)，倘假設(shè)〕.

Ifheacceptsthejob,hewillgetmoremoneysoon.\1.I’llwritetoherwhenIhavetime2.Iwilltellhimthenewsassoonashecomesback.3.Onlyifyouworkhardwill/canyousucceed.第二頁(yè)，共21頁(yè)。2考點(diǎn)三：表示按規(guī)定、時(shí)間表、方案或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(dòngzuò),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái).Thetrainleavesat12:00.

考點(diǎn)四：在themore…themore…(越……越……)句型中,假設(shè)主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

Theharderyoustudy,thebetterresultsyouwillget.

第三頁(yè)，共21頁(yè)。3一般過(guò)去(guòqù)時(shí)態(tài)〔did式〕:1.根本用法:1)表示過(guò)去(guòqù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài):時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等Heboughtthecomputerfiveyearsago.2)表示過(guò)去(guòqù)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作Weoftenplayedtogetherwhenwewerechildren.Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool_______(send)abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.

注:表示過(guò)去(guòqù)習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,可用would(過(guò)去(guòqù)常常),usedto.Sheusedtotakeherdogoutforawalkalongtheriver.Atnightshewouldhearalonglowvoice.weresent第四頁(yè)，共21頁(yè)。4一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如tomorrow,nextweek,inafewdays,nextSaturday等。will/shalldo將要(jiāngyào)發(fā)生的事情2.begoingtodo已決定或安排要做的事3.be+todo，按方案或正式安排(ānpái)將發(fā)生的事。Wearetohaveanexamthisweek.TheyaretobemarriedinthisMay.

4.beabouttodo,表示馬上做某事,不能與明確表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間(shíjiān)狀語(yǔ)連用.HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.第五頁(yè)，共21頁(yè)。5某些表示短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞如arrive,come,go,leave,start等，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)形式表示將來(lái)。

IamleavingforBeijingtomorrow.

“祈使句+and/or+句子(jùzi)(willdo…)〞，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中and后面的句子(jùzi)謂語(yǔ)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。Useyourheadandyouwillfindaway.

第六頁(yè)，共21頁(yè)。6現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)〔bedoing〕:1.表示現(xiàn)在〔指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí)〕正在發(fā)生(fāshēng)的事情。We’rehavingameeting.〔說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作〕2.表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。Heisteachinginaschool.〔目前這個(gè)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作〕Thehouseisbeingbuiltthesedays.3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái),表示按方案或安排要發(fā)生(fāshēng)的動(dòng)作.I’mleavingtomorrow.4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always/forever/constantly/continuously等連用,表示滿意、稱贊、驚訝(jīngyà)、厭惡等感情色彩She’salwayshelpingothers.Thelittleboyisalwaysmakingtrouble.

第七頁(yè)，共21頁(yè)。7過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)〔was/were＋doing〕表示(biǎoshì)過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,HewasplayingwhileIwasstudying.Iwaswalkingdownthestreetwhenitbegantorain.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)〔will/shallbedoing〕根本用法:表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,e.g.WhenIgethomeat9:00tomorrow,mysonwillbewatchingTV.I’llbedoingmyhomeworkthistimetomorrow.明天(míngtiān)這會(huì)我正在寫作業(yè)。

第八頁(yè)，共21頁(yè)。8現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)完成時(shí)have/hasdone…1.havedone/hasdone+since+sb.did/過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn).①Ihaven’tseenhersincelastweek.②WherehaveyoubeensinceIlastsawyou?\2.句中有sofar/in〔for/during〕thepast〔last〕years〔months…〕/uptonow/untilnowSofartherehasbeennonews.第九頁(yè)，共21頁(yè)。93.Itisthefirst〔second/third…〕time＋thatsb.havedone…①It/This/ThatisthefirsttimethatIhavecometoZhejiang.It/This/Thatistheonly…＋thatsb.havedone…②It/This/ThatistheonlypartythatIhaveeverreallyenjoyedinmylife.It/This/Thatisthe＋最高級(jí)…＋thatsb.havedone③It/This/ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.〔注:以上句型把is改為was,那么從句時(shí)態(tài)(shítài)相應(yīng)改為過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)(shítài)〕第十頁(yè)，共21頁(yè)。10過(guò)去完成時(shí):表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去haddone…

a.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)(bīnyǔ)從句。Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis.Hetoldmethathehadfinishedhiswork.

b.狀語(yǔ)從句在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.

c.表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“原本…〞Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn’t.第十一頁(yè)，共21頁(yè)。11一些特殊句型(jùxínɡ)中的過(guò)去完成時(shí):1.by〔theendof)/bythetime＋過(guò)去時(shí)間Wehadlearnt3,000wordsbytheendoflastterm.Bythetimehecameback,wehadrepairedthemachine.2.Nosoonerhadsb.done…thansb.did…Hardly/scarcelyhadsb.done…whensb.did…Nosoonerhadhegonetothegardenthanhissonwenttoplaywithhisclassmates.Hardlyhadheheardthenewswhenhecried.第十二頁(yè)，共21頁(yè)。12現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)〔have/hasbeendoing〕表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，并且還將持續(xù)下去。TheChinesehavebeenmakingpaperfortwothousandyears.中國(guó)有2000年的造紙歷史IhavebeenlearningEnglishsincethreeyearsago.自從三年前以來(lái)我一直在學(xué)英語(yǔ)。

Wehavebeenwaitingforyouforhalfanhour.我們(wǒmen)已經(jīng)等你半個(gè)鐘頭了過(guò)去(guòqù)完成進(jìn)行時(shí):hadbeendoing…第十三頁(yè)，共21頁(yè)。13將來(lái)完成時(shí)〔willhavedone…〕1.表示到將來(lái)某一時(shí)間為止(wéizhǐ)會(huì)完成的動(dòng)作Whenwegetthere,shewillhavegonetowork.〔theendof〕＋將來(lái)時(shí)間.①Wewillhavelearnt3,000wordsbytheendofnextterm.②Bythetimehecomesback,wewillhaverepairedthemachine第十四頁(yè)，共21頁(yè)。14.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)(yǔtài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(yǔtài)的構(gòu)成方式：be/get+過(guò)去分詞1.主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)時(shí)，賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ)〔位置不變〕；〔作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的〕不定式前需加to。Thebossmadehimworkalldaylong.=Hewasmadetoworkalldaylong(bytheboss)2.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(yǔtài)時(shí)，勿要掉“尾巴〞。Yourpronunciationshouldbepaidattentionto.3.Itissaid/believed/expected/thought/known/reportedthatsb.do…=sb.issaid/believed…+todo..Itissaidthatheisasmartboy.=Heissaidtobeasmartboy.第十五頁(yè)，共21頁(yè)。15

動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)那么〔與動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式構(gòu)成規(guī)那么一樣〕：

1、一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-ed，lookedplayed

2、結(jié)尾是e的動(dòng)詞加-d，livedused

3、末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫

這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-ed，plannedtripped

4、結(jié)尾是“輔音字母+y〞的動(dòng)詞，先變“y〞為“i〞，再加-ed，study---studied，carry---carried

不規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞要牢記(láojì)

寫出以下動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，過(guò)去分詞：

1、speak2、use3、make4、write5、grow6、plant7、produce8、ask9、plan10、send11、build12、invite第十六頁(yè)，共21頁(yè)。16動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)一覽表(以DO為例〕時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/does現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/aredoing現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasdone一般過(guò)去時(shí)did過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoing過(guò)去完成時(shí)haddone一般將來(lái)時(shí)willdo將來(lái)完成時(shí)willhavedoneam/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendonewas/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendonewillbedonewillhavebeendone第十七頁(yè)，共21頁(yè)。17不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況1.不及物動(dòng)詞(jíwùdònɡcí)或不及物動(dòng)詞(jíwùdònɡcí)短語(yǔ)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Thepricehasbeenrisen.Thepricehasrisen.Thepricehasraised.Thepricehasbeenraised.

2.系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如appear,be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look