古典音樂的介紹

第第頁古典音樂的介紹

Donotbebored.Classicalmusiccanbeverystimulating.ClassicalmusicbeganinEuropeintheMiddleAgesandcontinuestoday.

ClassicalmusicistheartmusicofEuropeandNorthAmerica.Whenwecallitartmusic,wearedistinguishingclassicalmusicfrompopularmusicandfolkmusic.Artmusicgenerallyrequiresmoretrainingtowriteandperformthantheothertwokinds.

FROMORCHESTRATOSOLOIST

Classicalmusiccanbewrittenfororchestras(largegroupsofmusicians)andforsmallergroups.Someclassicalmusiciswrittenforpeopletosing.

Orchestrasusuallyplayinconcerthalls.Aconductorleadsthemusiciansinanorchestra.Thenumberofplayerscanrangefromabouttwodozentowellover100.Anorchestrahasseveralsectionsmadeupofdifferentinstruments:strings,woodwinds,brass,andpercussion.

Thestringsectionofanorchestraconsistsofviolins,violas,cellos,andbasses.Woodwindsareflutes,clarinets,oboes,andbassoons.Brassinstrumentsincludetrumpetsandtrombones.Percussioninstrumentsincludedrumsandcymbals.

Classicalmusicforsmallgroupsiscalledchambermusicbecauseitwasonceplayedinchambers,orlargeroomsinpeople’shouses.E*amplesofchambermusicarequintets(forfivemusicians),quartets(forfourmusicians),andtrios(forthreemusicians).

Someclassicalmusiciswrittenforasoloist,asingleperformerwhomayplayaninstrument,especiallythepiano,orsing.Operaiswrittenforanorchestraandsingers.

FROMOPERATOSYMPHONY

Operacombinesmusicanddrama.Ittellsastory,andthesingersmustalsoact.Operashavelavishstagesets(scenery)andfancycostumes.Manyoperasalsofeaturehugechoruses,dancenumbers,andbrilliantdisplaysofthesingers’voices.

ThrillingoperasincludeMadameButterflybyGiacomoPuccini,CarmenbyGeorgesBizet,andRigolettoandAidabyGiuseppeVerdi.Theseoperasallhavetragicendings.

Someoperasarelighterinspiritandevencomic.Theygenerallyendhappily.GioacchinoRossini’sTheBarberofSevilleisane*ampleofacomicopera.ThelightoperasofGilbertandSullivanandothercomposersaresometimescalledoperettas.IntheUnitedStates,operettachangedintoapopularform—themusical.Themusicalisaplaythathassongs,choruses,anddancesinitsstory.

Manyoperasfeaturedancesorlongpassagesplayedbyinstrumentsthatactuallyinterrupttheaction.That’showthesymphonyoriginated.Itstartedoutasaninstrumentalintroductionto18th-centuryItalianopera.SymphoniesthenbecamealltherageinGermanyandAustria.

Thesymphonyisacompositionwrittenfororchestra.Itgenerallyhasfourcontrastingsections,ormovements.Inaperformance,thereisplentytolookatbecauseofthefantasticarrayofinstruments.

FamoussymphonycomposersincludeLudwigvanBeethoven,JohannesBrahms,PeterTchaikovsky,GustavMahler,andDmitryShostakovich.

CLASSICALSTYLES

Therearedifferentstylesinclassicalmusic,dependingonwhenthemusicwascomposed.Fromearliesttomostrecent,thesestylesincludebaroque(1600s),classical(1700s),romantic(1800s),modern(early1900s),andpostmodern(late1900s).

You’llnoticethatclassicalappearsasaseparatestylewithinclassicalmusic.Thetermclassicalcanalsodescribemusiccomposedinthe1700s,primarilyinVienna.TheleadingcomposersofthistimewereJosephHaydn,WolfgangAmadeusMozart,andLudwigvanBeethoven.Theywereabrilliantgroup.Youmightbeginlisteningtoclassicalmusicwiththeirworks.

這是關于Music總的`介紹：

MusicispartofeverycultureonEarth.Manypeoplefeelthatmusicmakeslifeworthliving.Wecanmakemusicourselvesifweplayaninstrumentorsing.WecanhearmusiconCDsandonradioortelevision.Musicgivesuspleasure.Itcancheerusup,e*citeus,orsootheus.

WHATISMUSIC?

Musiccanbehappy,sad,romantic,sleepy,spine-tingling,healing—allkindsofthings.Butwhatisit?Somepeopledefineitasanartfularrangementofsoundsacrosstime.Ourearsinterpretthesesoundsasloudorsoft,highorlow,rapidandshort,orslowandsmooth.Thesoundsneedtocontinueforatimeinsomesortofpatterntobecomemusic.

Music,likelanguage,isauniquelyhumanformofcommunication.Aswithlanguage,therearemanydifferentkinds.InNorthAmerica,peoplelistentojazz,rock,classical,folk,country,andmanyotherkindsofmusic.Eachkindofmusichasitsownrulesand“speaks”tousinitsownway.

Whatwethinkofasmusicdependsonwherewelive.WhatAmericansareusedtolisteningtomightsoundstrangetosomeonefromanotherculture,andviceversa.Itmightnotevensoundlikemusic.InIndonesia,gamelanorchestrasplaymusicongongs,drums,and*ylophones.Thesearen’ttheinstrumentsyou’dfindinatypicalorchestrainNorthAmerica.

Today,moderncommunicationsmakeitpossibleforustolistentomusicfromallovertheworld.Musicfromonepartoftheworldinfluencesmusicfromanotherpart.Fore*ample,gamelanmusicfromIndonesiainfluenced20th-centuryAmericancomposerssuchasJohnCage.

WHOINVENTEDMUSIC?

Nooneknowsforsurewhenmusicbegan.Perhapswhilepeoplewereworking,theybegantochantorsingtomaketheworkgofaster.Peoplewhowererepeatingmovements—pickingcropsorrowingboats,fore*ample—couldsingorchantintimetothework.NavajoIndians,fore*ample,hadcorn-grindingsongs.Manyculturesdevelopedworksongs.

Overtime,peopledevelopedmusicalinstruments.Theymighthavestartedbyclappingtheirhandsandstampingtheirfeet.Sticksandobjectsthatrattledcouldhavereplacedthehumanbodyasearlyinstruments.Bothinstrumentsandmusicbecamemorecomple*withtime.

Today,manyculturesdividemusicintoartmusicandmusicofthepeople.Artmusic,whichwecallclassicalmusic,ismorecomplicatedthanthemusicofthepeople—folkmusicandpopularmusic.Artmusicisgenerallyhardertowriteandperform.Musicianswhoperformitneedalotoftraining.Popularandfolkstylestypicallyareeasiertocreate,perform,andunderstand.

MELODYANDRHYTHM

Melodyandrhythmaretwobasicelementsofmusic.Melodyisaseriesofnotes.Weknowitasthetune.

Melodyisbasedonnotesthatvaryinpitch—thatis,inhowhighorlowtheyare.Whenseveralnotes,orpitches,soundtogether,it’scalledharmony.

Rhythmisthepatternofthenotes.Whennotesaregroupedtogether,theyhavearhythm,orbeat.Thebeatiswhatwetapourfeetto.Rockmusicisknownforitsstrongbeat.

WHYISMUSICIMPORTANT?

Musicgoesalongwithmanyofouractivities.Wedancetomusic.Wesingsongsatschool.Manyofuse*ercisetomusic.Bandsplayatfootballgames.Wehearmusicincarsandstores.Musicaccompaniesmanyimportantoccasions.Atawedding,fore*ample,thebridemarchesdowntheaisletomusic.

Musichasalwaysbeenimportanttoreligiousceremonies.MusicisheardinChristianchurches,Jewishsynagogues,Islamicmosques,andotherplacesofworship.

Musicentertainsus.Welistentoshowtunes,spirituals,pop,opera,androck.Wehavefavoriteperformers.Wehearmusicasthebackgroundinmovies.Perhapswegotothetheatertoseeamusical—amovieorplaywithmusic,singing,andoftenwithdancing.Musicispartofourlives.

下面是有關貝多芬的介紹：

LudwigvanBeethovenmaysoundlikeastuffyname.ButthisGermancomposerwasastarinhistime,andhehadmanyfans.Hebroketherulesforwritingmusic.MostpeopleconsiderBeethovenoneofthegreatestmusiciansofalltime.

ATROUBLEDLIFE

BeethovenwasborninBonn,Germany,in1770.Hischildhoodwasunhappy.Hisfatherdranktoomuch.Beethoven’smusicaltalentwasobviousfromchildhood.Hequicklybecameatalentedperformeronthepiano.In1792,hemovedtoVienna,Austria,tostudywithAustriancomposerJosephHaydn.SoonBeethovenwasplayingmusicthathewrotehimself.Manypeopleadmiredhispowerful,dramaticmusic.

Beethovenwasoftenillordepressed.Hewasunabletofindawomanwhowouldmarryhim.Justashewasbecomingverysuccessful,hestartedtolosehishearing.Deafnessistheworstfateforamusician.Beethoven’sperformingcareerwasover.

DespiteBeethoven’shearingloss,hestillwrotemusic.Themusichewrotebecameevenbetter.Hismusicwasrichlye*pressiveandrevealedfeelingssuchasjoyandsadness.Hecreatedoneboldmasterpieceafteranother.Besidespianomusic,Beethovenwrotestringquartets(piecesforfourstringedinstruments)andotherkindsofchambermusic.Chambermusiciswrittenforsmallgroups,andpeoplecanplayitinthei