2022年四川省達(dá)州市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)重點(diǎn)匯總（含答案）

2022年四川省達(dá)州市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)重點(diǎn)匯總（含答案）學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Theauthorstronglybelievesthatparentsshouldcareasmuchabout______aswith______.

2.

Onereasonwhycollegesincreasetuitionandfeesisthatthestatesupportisshrinking.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

ThechairmanofVodafoneJohnBondthinksthat______.

A.internationalmoney-transferserviceacquiressuccessintheglobe

B.Africanrurallifecouldbeimprovedduetothecommunicationtechnologyofmobiles

C.manypeopleindevelopingcountriespaybyphonesloadedwithcredit

D.theprofitsofbankshavelittletodowithsmallpayments

4.

Thebivalvelineageswereforcedoutoftropicalregions.

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

Adversarieswouldhavegreatdifficultydeterminingthetypeofforceapproachingbecauseof______.

6.

WhenwillKellycontactyouonceyouhaveregisteredforworkandofferedallyourdetails?

A.WhenyouchaseKellytoaskaboutyourjob.

B.Whentherightjobcomesup.

C.AfteryougiveKellyaprivateemailaddress.

D.WhenanemployerisinterestedinyourCV.

7.

______isbeginningtothreatenourhealth,ourhappinessandourcivilization.

8.

FrederickW.Smith'spersonalexperienceactedasthestimulustothefoundingofFedExExpress.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.Health

Healthcouldbedefinedtheoreticallyintermsofcertainmeasuredvalues;forexample,apersonhavingnormalbodytemperature,pulseandbreathingrates,bloodpressure,height,weight,acuityofvision,sensitivityofhearing,andothernormalmeasurablecharacteristicsmightbetermedhealthy.Butwhatdoesnormalmeanandhowisitestablished?Itiswell-knownthatifthetemperaturesaretakenofalargenumberofactive,presumablyhealthy,individualsthetemperatureswillallcomecloseto98.6°F(37℃).Thegreatpreponderanceofthesevalueswillfallbetween98.4°Fand98°F.Thushealthcouldinpartbedefinedashavingatemperaturewithinthisnarrowrange.Similarly,anormalrangecanbeestablishedforpulse,bloodpressure,andheight.Insomehealthyindividuals,however,thebodytemperaturemayrangebelow98.4°Forabove98.8°F.Theselowandhightemperaturesfalloutsidethelimitsdefinedaboveasnormalandareinstancesofbiologicalvariability.

Healthmightbetterbedefinedastheabilitytofunctioneffectivelyincompleteharmonywithone'senvironment.Impliedinsuchadefinitionisthecapabilityofmeetingphysically,emotionally,andmentally—theordinarystressesoflife.Inthisdefinitionhealthisinterpretedintermsoftheindividual'senvironment.Healthtotheconstructionworkerwouldhaveadimensiondifferentfromhealthtothebookkeeper.Thehealthyconstructionworkerexpectstobeabletodomanuallabourallday,whilethebookkeeper,althoughperfectlycapableofperforminghisownsedentarywork,wouldbetotallyincapableofsuchheavylabourandindeedmightcollapsefromthephysicalstrain;yetbothindividualsmightbetermedcompletelyhealthyintermsoftheirownwayoflife.

Thetermphysicalfitness,althoughfrequentlyused,isalsoexceedinglydifficulttodefine.Ingeneralitreferstothestateofoptimalmaintenanceofmuscularstrength,properfunctionoftheinternalorgans,andyouthfulvigour.Thechampionathletepreparedtocopenotonlywiththecommonplacestressesoflifebutalsowiththeunusualillustratestheconceptofphysicalfitness.Tobeingoodphysicalconditionistohavetheabilitytoswimamiletosaveone'slifeortosloghomethroughsnowdriftswhenacarbreaksdowninastorm.Someexpertsinfitnessinsistthatthestateofhealthrequiresthattheindividualbeinprimephysicalcondition.Theyprefertodividethespectrumofhealthanddiseaseinto(1)health,(2)absenceofdisease,and(3)disease.Intheirview,thosewhoarenotinprimeconditionandarenotphysicallyfitcannotbeconsideredashealthymerelybecausetheyhavenodisease.

Healthyinvolvesmorethanphysicalfitness,sinceitalsoimpliesmentalandemotionalwell-being.Shouldtheangry,frustrated,emotionallyunstablepersoninexcellentphysicalconditionbecalledhealthy?Certainlyhecouldnotbecharacterizedaseffectivelyfunctioningincompleteharmonywithhisenvironment.Indeed,suchanindividualisincapableofgoodjudgmentandrationalresponse.Health,then,isnotmerelytheabsenceofillnessordiseasebutinvolvestheabilitytofunctioninharmonywithone'senvironmentandtomeettheusualandsometimesunusualdemandsofdailylife.

Thedefinitionsofillnessanddiseaseareequallydifficultproblems.Despitethefactthatthesetermsareoftenusedinterchangeably,illnessisnottobeequatedwithdisease.Apersonmayhaveadiseaseformanyyearswithoutevenbeingawareofitspresence.Althoughheisdiseased,heisnotiii.Similarly,thediabeticpersonwhohasknowndiseaseandhasreceivedadequateinsulintreatmentisnotill.Thecancervictimisoftentotallyunawareofhisdisorderandisnotilluntilafterlongyearsofgrowthoftheturnout,duringwhichtimeitcausesnosymptoms.Thetermillnessimpliesdiscomfortor

A.YB.NC.NG

10.TheAncientOlympicgameswerenotinternationaleventseventhoughtheathletestraveledtocompetefromdifferentpartsoftheworld.

11.

YoucangetevacuationdetailsthroughthewaysprovidedbythewebsiteofLasVegasthoughitdoesn'tdisclosethedetailsdueto______.

12.

Whenyouexperienceandobserveyourinflectionpoint,youshouldstopyourcareeratonce.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.

Ifthehybridcarneedstogoupasteephill,itcangetextrapowerfrom______.

14.Peopleaspotentialclients,customers,orpartnershelpyoutobenoticedbyothersandto_____.

15.

Accordingtothepassage,thesuggestionsinTheOrganizedExecutiveare______.

16.

WhattheGermanMarshallFundfoundlastyearimpliesthat______.

A.mostAmericanstendtofreetrade

B.freetradecouldslowdowneconomicgrowth

C.foreigncompetitioncouldharmdomesticeconomybeyonddoubt

D.mostAmericansdon'twantaneconomicgrowthatthecostofdomesticcompanies

17.In1944,governmentofficialswereinterestedinFuller'sfamilydwellingbecauseitcouldbe______.

18.

Anenhancedversionoftheservicewilluse______technologytogetthevideodatatoviewers.

19.

Inthecarpentryschooltheboyswerelearningtobuildlargerhouses.

A.NB.YC.NG

20.

75percentofthepressureonjointscanbereducedifyouswim______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.聽力原文：W:Don'tmakeasoundorI'llkillyou.Nowhandoveryourpocketbook.Makeitfast!

M:Here.Takewhatyouwant,Justdon'thurtme.

Q:What'sgoingon?

(19)

A.Thewomanismakingawithdrawalfromabank.

B.Thewomanisadmittingthemantoahospital.

C.Thewomanisrobbingtheman.

D.Thewomanisorderingthemantostop.

22.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：InAmerica,wherelaborcostsaresohigh,"do-it-yourself"isawayoflife.Manypeoplerepairtheirowncars,buildtheirowngarages,evenrebuildtheirownhouses.Soonmanyofthemwillalsobewritingtheirownbooks.InHollywoodthereisacompanythatpublisheschildren'sbookswiththehelpofcomputers.Althoughotherbookcompaniesalsopublishthatway,thiscompanyisnotliketheothers.Itallowsthereadertobecometheleadingcharacterinthestorieswiththehelpofcomputers.Hereishowtheydoit.LetussupposethechildisnamedJenny.ShelivesinNewYork,andhasadognamedHody.Thecomputerusesthisinformationtomakeupastorywithpictures.Thestoryisthenprintedup.Achildwhoreceivessuchabookmightsay,"thisbookisaboutme,"sothecompanycallsitselfthe"Me-BooksPublishingCompany."

Childrenliketheme-booksbecausetheyliketoseeinprinttheirownnamesandthenamesoftheirfriendsandtheirpets.Butmoreimportant,inthiswayreadersaremuchmoreinterestedinreadingthestories.Me-booksarehelpingachildtolearnhowtoread.

(27)

A.Becausetheycandobetterthanothers.

B.Becausetheydon'twanttobehelped.

C.Becauseitisexpensivetohirelabor.

D.Becauseitisdifficulttotrustothers.

23.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：M:Yourapartmentalwayslookssogood.Sospotlessandmineissuchamess.

W:I'vebeenatthelabtheallweek.Itismyroommatedoing.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?

(12)

A.Shedoesiteveryday.

B.Shedoesnotdoitherself.

C.Herroommateisdoingit.

D.Sheisaresearcheratthelab.

24.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：M:Congratulations!Ijustheardaboutyouracceptanceintolawschool.Doyouthinkyouwilljoinyourbrother'sfirmaftergraduation?

W:Notlikely.HeisataxlawyerandI'mgoingtomajorincriminallaw.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(12)

A.Sheisn'tgoingtochangehermajor.

B.Sheplanstomajorintaxlaw.

C.Shestudiesinthesameschoolasherbrother.

D.Sheisn'tgoingtoworkinherbrother'sfirm.

25.

【B8】

26.(24)

A.Theprofessorwilloftenextendthetimelimitforassignments.

B.Thestudentswillgainextrascoresforhandinginassignmentsaheadoftime.

C.Theprofessorwillpenalizelightlyforlateassignments.

D.Thestudentswilllosescoresbythedayforlateassignments.

27.

【B3】

28.(42)

29.聽力原文：W:Youdon'tlooksmartthismorning.Icanseeyou'renothappy.Comeon,whathappened?

M:Ihadneverexpectedthiswouldhavehappenedtome.WehadapowerfailureathomelastnightandImissedmostoffootballmatch.

Q:Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?

(19)

A.Themanisafootballfan.

B.Themanneedsthewoman'shelp.

C.Themandidn'twatchTVlastnight.

D.Themanoftenhaspowerfailureathome.

30.

【B10】

31.聽力原文：W:Pleasechecktheoilandwateraswellasthetires.IhavealongjourneyandIdon'twantanythingtogowronghalfway.

M:Ofcourse.Wouldyoulikeyourwindowscleaned,too?

Q:Whatisprobablytheman'soccupation?

(16)

A.Aprofessionalwindowcleaner.

B.Automotivesalesperson.

C.Servicestationattendant.

D.Grocerystoremanager.

32.(29)

A.EarningaLiving

B.CorrectAttitudeonJob-hunting

C.HowtoChooseaJob?

D.WhatCanaGoodJobOffer?

33.(18)

A.Hecan'tseeverywell.

B.He'snotfeelingwell.

C.Hiseyedoesn'thurtverymuch.

D.Hiseyeisn'thealingveryquickly.

34.

【B9】

35.(16)

A.Heagreeswiththewoman'schoice.

B.Hedoesn'twantspicyfood.

C.Hewantsthesaladtobefresh.

D.Garlicishisfavoriteflavor.

36.(28)

A.Itmustbetrainedsoitwon'tbite.

B.Itneedsmoreloveandcare.

C.Itdemandsmorefoodandspace.

D.Itmustbelookedaftercarefully.

37.(31)

A.TheU.S.B.TheU.K.C.China.D.Japan.

38.聽力原文：Iwillletyouknowthatthere'sabigdifferencebetweenundergraduateandgraduateschool.Undergraduateschoolisverycourse-intensive.That'sallyoudo:gotoclassesandgotolabs.Ingraduateschool,youhavealotoffreetime.Muchofyourlearningisself-initiated,andyou'retypicallytakingamuchlighterclassload.Thisgivesyoumoretimeforindependentstudyandresearch.Whileyou'reingraduateschool,you'regoingtohavetodevelopyourselfasascientist.Youdothisbyperformingcreativeandthoroughresearchanddevelopingareputationforbeingagoodscientist.You'llalsobedevelopingyourspeakingskills.Youhavetobecomfortableinpresentingyourresultsandyourresearchtoverycriticalaudiences.That'sveryimportant.Youalsowanttoattendconferenceswhereyoucanminglewithyourpeersandgroupsfromotheruniversities,becausethesewilleventuallybeyourcolleaguesatsomepoint.Also,it'simportanttoattendseminarsandcolloquythatyouruniversityhas.Notonlydoesthiskeepyouinformedofwhatisthelatestandgreatestinyourarea,butalsoletsyouhearaboutotherunrelatedareasaswell.Youcan'tbesofocused,youhavetohaveabroadbaseofknowledge.

(30)

A.Apupil.B.Agraduate.C.Asenior.D.Anundergraduate.

39.(35)

A.About40.B.Almost200.C.Over240.D.Morethan72.

40.【B2】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.OntheheelsofE1,itsopposite,Lamaysoonarrive.InaWeeklyUpdate,scientistsattheNOAAClimatePredictionCenterreportedthatasthe2006-2007E1faded,surfaceandsubsurfaceoceantemperatureshaverapidlydecreased.Recently,cooler-than-normalwatertemperatureshavedevelopedatthesurfaceintheeast-centralequatorialPacific,indicatingapossibletransitiontoLaconditions.

Typically,duringtheU.S.springandsummermonths,Laconditionsdonotsignificantlyimpactoverallinlandtemperatureandprecipitation(雨水的降落)patterns,however,LaepisodesoftendohaveaneffectonAtlanticandPacifichurricaneactivity.

"Althoughotherscientificfactorsaffectthehurricanes,theretendstobeagreater-than-nor-malnumberofAtlantichurricanesandfewer-than-normalnumberofeasternPacifichurricanesduringLaevents,"saidretiredNavyViceAdm.ConradC.Lautenbacher,Ph.D.,undersecretaryofcommerceforoceansandatmosphereandNOAAadministrator."Duringthewinter,usualLaimpactsincludedrierandwarmer-than-averageconditionsoverthesouthernUnitedStates."

"NOAA'sabilitytodetectandmonitortheformation,durationandstrengthofE1andLaeventsisenhancedbycontinuousimprovementsinsatelliteandbuoyobservationsintheequatorialPacific,"Lautenbacheradded."TheseobservingsystemsincludetheTAO/TRITONmooredandArgodriftbuoys,aswellasNOAA'spolarorbitingsatellites."

Laconditionsoccurwhenoceansurfacetemperaturesinthecentralandeast-centralequatorialPacificbecomecoolerthannormal.ThesechangesaffecttropicalrainfallpatternsandatmosphericwindsoverthePacificOcean,whichinfluencethepatternsofrainfallandtemperaturesinmanyareasworldwide.

"LaeventssometimesfollowontheheelsofE1conditions,"saidVernonKousky,researchmeteorologistattheNOAAClimatePredictionCenter."Itisanaturallyoccurringphenomenonthatcanlastuptothreeyears.LaepisodestendtodevelopduringMarch-June,reachpeakintensityduringDecember-February,andthenweakenduringthefollowingMarch-May."

"ThelastlengthyLaeventwas1998-2001,whichcontributedtoseriousdroughtconditionsinmanysectionsofthewesternUnitedStates,"saidDouglasLecomte,droughtspecialistattheNOAAClimatePredictionCenter.

NOAAwillissuetheU.S.SpringOutlookonMarch15,anditsAtlanticHurricaneSeasonOutlookinMay.BothoutlookswillreflectthemostcurrentLaforecast.

"WhilethestatusofE1/Laisofvitalimportancetoourseasonalforecasts,itisbutonemeasureweusewhenmakingactualtemperatureandprecipitationforecasts,"saidKousky.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutLaisTRUE?

A.ItbringsanendtoE1.

B.ItbalancestheeffectsofE1.

C.Itfollowsadecreaseofoceantemperature.

D.Itcausestheoceantemperaturetodroprapidly.

42.

Doyouthinktheauthorwillchoosetoliveinthecountryside?

A.Definitely—soonerorlater.

B.Bynomeans—heisdaydreaming.

C.Ifhecanaffordahousethere.

D.Hardtosay—heisintwominds.

43.

Tocommunicatewiththedeaf,people______.

A.havetomakespecialefforts

B.mustspeakinaforeignlanguage

C.shouldnotsmokeatall

D.usewritinginsteadofspeaking

44.

【C6】

45.

UCSDcarriesoutavarietyofmeasurementsforgarbageandrecyclingincluding________.

A.organizingthestudentstohelpcollectionofdonatedobjects

B.preparingemptycollectioncontainerseveryday

C.providinganumberofplacestostorethedenotedthings

D.discouragingthestudentstodiscardmaterialsthatcanbereused

46.Parentsofwailing(哀號(hào))babies,takecom-fort:Youamnotalone.Chimpanzeebabiesfuss.Seagullchickssquawk.Buryingbeetlelarvaetaptheirparents'legs.Throughouttheanimalkingdom,babiesknowhowtogettheirparents'attention.Exactlywhyevolutionhasproducedallthisfussing,squawkingandtappingisaquestionmanybiologistsaretryingtoanswer.

Someday,thatanswermayshedsomelightonthemysteryofcryinginhumanbabies."Itmaypointresearchersintherightdirectiontofindthecausesofexcessivecrying,"saidJosephSoltis,abioacousticsexpertatDisney'sAnimalKingdominLakeBuenaVista,Florida.SoltispublishedanarticleontheevolutionofcryinginthecurrentissueofBehavioralandBrainSciences.

Younganimalsvaryinhowmuchtheycry,squawkorotherwisecommunicatewiththeirparents,andstudieswithmice,beetlesandmonkeysshowthatthisvariationispartlybasedongenes.Somelevel,ofcryinginhumans,ofcourse,isbasedongaspainsandmessydiapers.Butasforthegeneticcontribution,youmightexpectthatnaturalselectionwouldfavorgenesfornoisierchildren,sincetheywouldgetmoreattention.

Beforelong,however,thissortofdeceptionmayberuinous.Ifthesignalsofoffspringbecametotallyunreliable,parentswouldnolongerbenefitfrompayingattention.Someevolutionarybiologistshaveproposedthatnaturalselectionshouldthereforefavorse-calledhonestadvertisements.Somebiologistshavespeculatedthatthesehonestadvertisementsmaynotjusttellaparentwhichoffspringarehungry.Theymightalsoshowtheirparentthattheyarehealthyandvigorousandthereforeworthsomeextrainvestment.Thebabiesofmonkeyscryouttotheirmothersandtendtocryevenmorearoundthetimetheirmotherswean(斷奶)them.Themothers,inresponse,begintoignoremostoftheirbabies'distresscalls,sincemostturnouttobefalsealarms."Initially,mothersrespondanytimeaninfantcries,"saidDarioMaestripieri,aprimatologistattheUniversityofChicago."Butasthecriesincrease,theyrespondlessandless.Theybecomemoreskeptical.Soinfantsstartcryingless.Sotheygothroughthesecycles,adjustingtheirresponses."

KimBard,aprimatolugistattheUniversityofPlymouthinEngland,hasspentmorethanadecadeobservingchimpanzeebabies."Chimpscancryforalongtimeifsomethingterribleishappeningtothem,butwhenyoupickthemup,theystop,"Bardsaid."I'veneverseenanychimpanzeesinthefirstthreemonthsoflifebeinconsolable."

Maestripieriandotherresearcherssaytheseevolutionaryforcesmayhavealsoshapedthecriesofhumanbabies."Allprimateinfantscry,"Maestripierisaid."It'saveryconservedbehavior.It'snotsomethinghumanshaveevolvedontheirown."

Whatcanbethemostprobabletitleofthispassage?

A.ParentsBotheredbyBabies'Cry

B.InfantsCryingforParents'Attention

C.CluesfromAnimalsonWhyBabiesCry

D.FalseCry

47.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirrortheglassintheroofofagreenhousewhichallowsthesun'sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.

Accordingtoaweatherexpert'sprediction,theatmospherewillbe3℃warmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestobumfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarminguptookplace,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetersandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanalterationoftheEarth'schieffood-growingzones.

Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarminghasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthickericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming:inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenext50yearsfromtheburningoffuels.

SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticIcearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.ThisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheEarth.

However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemispherewheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluenceontheweatherhaveexceededthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?

Onepossibilityisthevariablebehavior.ofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand"cold"spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror"colder"facestotheEarth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheEarth.ThisseemstohaveaconsiderableeffectonthedistributionoftheEarth'satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.Thesunisalsovariableoveralongterm:Itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.

Scientistsarenowfindingmutualrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolarweatherinteractionsandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsofyears,includingthelastIceAge.TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertia(慣性)oftheEarth'sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun'sdiminishingheat.

Whatiscarbondioxideintheatmospherelikenedto?

48.Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcog(齒輪)inthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpiped(播送的)music,andbypsychologistsand"human-relations"experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblue-andthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppets(木偶)whodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob,theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagain—bythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacityto,getalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone'sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepre-industrialmodeofproductionortonineteenthcentury"freeenterprisecapitalism"?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhich-manandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofloveandreason—aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

By"awell-oiledcoginthemachinery"(Para.1)theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis______.

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual'sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofsociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety;especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

49.

WhatimpressedtheauthormostwhenhewenttowatchthelionsintheGirForest?

A.Theirfriendliness.

B.Theirsize.

C.Theirintimacy.

D.Theirvitality

50.

Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Withthehelpofinternet,customershavereallybecomekingsnow.

B.Onlythosefirmsreedytoservecustomerslikekingswillsurvive.

C.Moremediachoicesareavailabletocustomers.

D.Firmscannolongercheatcustomersnow.

51.Trafficstatisticspaintagloomypicture.Tohelpsolvetheirtrafficwoes(悲哀),somerapidlygrowingUScitieshavesimplybuiltmoreroads.Buttrafficexpertssaybuildingmoreroadsisaquick-fixsolutionthatwillnotalleviatethetrafficprobleminthelongrun.Soaringlandcosts,increasingconcernoversocialandenvironmentaldisruptionscausedbyroad-building,andthelikelihoodthatmoreroadscanonlyleadtomorecarsandtrafficarepowerfulfactorsbearingdownona1950s-style.constructionsprogram.

Thegoalofsmart-highwaytechnologyistomaketrafficsystemsworkatoptimumefficiencybytreatingtheroadandthevehiclestravelingonthemasanintegraltranspo