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IP屬地：廣東 上傳時間：2023-05-12 格式：DOCX 頁數(shù)：10 大?。?6.87KB 積分：14 舉報 版權申訴

高考英語外刊閱讀理解訓練——我們?yōu)槭裁创蚬?？——改編自Whydoweyawn?Yawning:ABiologicalandSocialBehaviourWe'vealldoneit-letoutabigyawn,maybebecausewe'reboredortired,ormaybejustseeingothersyawncansetusoff.Butisthisbiologicalfunctioncontagious,andwhat'sthereasonbehindit?Althoughmanypeoplethinkweyawntotakeinmoreoxygen,researchsuggeststhatthereisnoclearbiologicalreason.Thelatesttheorysuggeststhatyawningcoolsthebraindownandpreventsitfromoverheatinglikealaptopfan.Thismayexplainwhyweyawnmoreinwarmtemperatures.Interestingly,wetendtoyawnmorewhenwe'reexhaustedandreadyforanap.Furthermore,oncewestart,wecan'tstopuntiltheyawnrunsitscourse!Butwhatmakesyawningparticularlycompellingisthatit'shighlycontagious.ResearchbyJohnDrury,aSussexUniversityresearcher,foundthatyawningisanautomaticresponseandthatdogs,animals,andhumansallyawnwhentheyseeothersyawning,whethertheywanttoornot.Druryalsodiscoveredthatoursocialgroupandclosenesstothosearounduslinkedtoourpropensitytoinitiatethebehavior.AnotherstudyconductedbytheUniversityofNottinghamconfirmedthatyawningiscontagiousbetweenhumans,andourinabilitytoresistyawningwhenweobserveothersislimited.Theyfurtherfoundthatwhenvolunteersweretoldtheycouldn'tyawn,theirurgetodosoincreaseddrastically.Studieshavediscoveredthatelectricalstimulationcanincreasepeople'sdesiretoyawn,offeringpotentialbenefitsfortreatingotherneurologicalconditions,suchasTourette's,whichrelatestothesameareaofthebrain.Inconclusion,yawningremainssomethingmysteriousandintriguing,creepinguponusevenwhenwearenotparticularlytired.So,ifyousuddenlyfeellikeyawningwhilereadingthisarticle,rememberthatit'snormal!【重點詞匯】1.yawning/?j??.n??/n.打哈欠；呵欠2.biological/ba???l?d??kl/adj.生物學的3.social/?s???l/adj.社交的4.behaviour/b??he?vj?(r)/n.行為5.bored/b??d/adj.無聊的；厭煩的6.tired/ta??(r)d/adj.疲倦的7.contagious/k?n?te?d??s/adj.傳染性的8.reason/?ri?zn/n.原因9.theory/?θ??ri/n.理論10.brain/bre?n/n.大腦11.prevent/pr??vent/v.防止；預防12.overheating/???v?r?hi?t??/n.過熱13.laptop/?l?pt?p/n.便攜式電腦14.temperature/?tempr?t??(r)/n.溫度15.exhausted/?ɡ?z?st?d/adj.精疲力盡的16.nap/n?p/n./v.小睡；打盹17.compelling/k?m?pel??/adj.引人注目的18.researcher/r??s??.t??(r)/n.研究人員19.Sussex/?s?s?ks/n.蘇塞克斯（一個地名）20.identify/a??dent?fa?/v.認同；確認21.exhibit/?ɡ?z?b?t/v.表現(xiàn)；展出22.limited/?l?m?t?d/adj.有限的23.electricity/?lek?tr?s?ti/n.電力；電24.stimulation/?st?mj??le???n/n.刺激25.neurological/nj???r?l?d??k?l/adj.神經學的26.Tourette's/'t?rets/n.抽動癥（一種神經系統(tǒng)疾?。?7.mysterious/m??st??ri?s/adj.神秘的28.intriguing/?n?tri?ɡ??/adj.有趣的；耐人尋味的29.normal/?n??ml/adj.正常的30.urge/??d?/v./n.強烈的欲望31.volunteer/?v?l?n?t??(r)/n.志愿者32.observe/?b?z??v/v.觀察；注意到33.potential/p???ten?l/adj.潛在的；可能的34.benefit/?ben?f?t/n.益處；好處35.neurologicalcondition神經系統(tǒng)疾病36.warmtemperature暖和的氣溫37.socialgroup社交團體38.cognitivebehaviour認知行為39.electricalstimulation電刺激40.uncontrollableurge不可控制的欲望41.resistyawning抵制打哈欠的沖動42.initiatebehavior開始行為43.humanandanimalbehavior動物和人類的行為44.automaticresponse自動反應45.neurologicalfunction神經功能46.expressboredom表達無聊47.exhibitcontagiousbehavior展現(xiàn)傳染性行為48.experienceexhaustion經歷疲憊49.relevantneurologicalresearch相關神經學研究50.intriguingbiologicalphenomenon引人入勝的生物現(xiàn)象【閱讀理解練習題】1.Whatisthelatesttheoryaboutwhyweyawn?A)Totakeinmoreoxygen.B)Toreleasestressandtension.C)Tocooldownthebrain.D)Toincreasecirculation.答案：C解析：根據(jù)文章的第二段，最新的理論認為，打哈欠可以讓我們的大腦冷卻下來，防止過熱。因此選擇C。2.Whendowetendtoyawnmore?A)Incooltemperatures.B)Whenwearebored.C)Whenweneedmoreoxygen.D)Whenwearetired.答案：D解析：文章提到我們在疲憊困倦時會打哈欠。因此選擇D。3.Whydowefindyawningparticularlycompelling?A)Itcoolsthebrainandreleasesstress.B)Itofferspotentialbenefitsfortreatingneurologicalconditions.C)It'scontagiousandlinkedtooursocialgroup.D)Ithelpsustakeinmoreoxygen.答案：C解析：文章提到打哈欠是一種自動反應，并且當我們看到其他人打哈欠時，我們都會感染到這種行為，無論我們是否愿意。而且我們接近周圍人的程度與我們發(fā)起這種行為的傾向有關。因此選擇C。4.WhatdidastudybytheUniversityofNottinghamdiscoveraboutpeople'surgetoyawn?A)Itcanbepreventedwithelectricalstimulation.B)Itdoesn'texistwhenweobserveothersyawning.C)It'shighlycontagiousbetweenhumans.D)Itincreaseswhenvolunteersaretoldnottoyawn.答案：D解析：文章提到諾丁漢大學的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當志愿者被告知不能打哈欠時，他們的欲望急劇增加。因此選擇D。5.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutyawningintheconclusion?A)Itremainsamysteriousandinterestingbehavior.B)It'sasignofboredomorlackofoxygen.C)It'sauselessbiologicalfunction.D)It'salwayslinkedtoneurologicalconditions.答案：A解析：文章提到打哈欠仍然是一個神秘而有趣的行為。因此選擇A。6.Whichresearcherledastudyintocontagiousyawning?A)JohnDrury.B)TheUniversityofNottingham.C)Ananonymousscientist.D)ASussexUniversityprofessor.答案：A解析：文章提到由Sussex大學的研究人員JohnDrury領導的一個研究表明打哈欠是一種自動反應，無論他們是否想要打哈欠，都會看到其他人打哈欠。因此選擇A。7.Whatpotentialbenefitsofelectricalstimulationwerediscoveredbyresearchers?A)Itcanpreventpeoplefromyawninguncontrollably.B)Itcancooldownthebrain.C)ItcantreatTourette's.D)Itcanincreasecirculation.答案：C解析：文章提到研究發(fā)現(xiàn)電刺激可以增加人們打哈欠的欲望，這對治療同樣涉及大腦相同區(qū)域的其他神經系統(tǒng)疾?。ㄈ绯閯臃x語綜合征）可能具有潛在好處，因此選擇C。8.WhatdidtheUniversityofNottinghamstudyconfirmaboutcontagiousyawning?A)It'sacompletelyvoluntarybehavior.B)Dogsarenotaffectedbyhumanyawning.C)Itcanonlybetriggeredbyextremefatigue.D)Oururgetoyawnislimitedwhenweobserveothers.答案：D解析：文章提到諾丁漢大學的一項研究證實打哈欠是在人類之間是有感染性的，而且當我們觀察別人的時候，我們不能抵制自己的欲望，這種感染性是有限的。因此選擇D。【全文逐句對照翻譯】打哈欠:一種生物學和社會行為Yawning:ABiologicalandSocialBehaviour我們都有過這樣的經歷——打一個大大的哈欠，也許是因為我們無聊或累了，或者只是看到別人打哈欠會讓我們生氣。We'vealldoneit-letoutabigyawn,maybebecausewe'reboredortired,ormaybejustseeingothersyawncansetusoff.但這種生物功能會傳染嗎?其背后的原因是什么?Butisthisbiologicalfunctioncontagious,andwhat'sthereasonbehindit?盡管許多人認為我們打哈欠是為了吸入更多的氧氣，但研究表明，這并沒有明確的生物學原因。Althoughmanypeoplethinkweyawntotakeinmoreoxygen,researchsuggeststhatthereisnoclearbiologicalreason.最新的理論表明，打哈欠可以給大腦降溫，防止大腦過熱，就像筆記本電腦的風扇一樣。Thelatesttheorysuggeststhatyawningcoolsthebraindownandpreventsitfromoverheatinglikealaptopfan.這也許可以解釋為什么我們在溫暖的天氣里更容易打哈欠。Thismayexplainwhyweyawnmoreinwarmtemperatures.有趣的是，當我們疲憊不堪，準備小睡時，我們往往會打更多的哈欠。Interestingly,wetendtoyawnmorewhenwe'reexhaustedandreadyforanap.此外，一旦我們開始打哈欠，我們就不能停下來，直到哈欠結束!Furthermore,oncewestart,wecan'tstopuntiltheyawnrunsitscourse!但打哈欠之所以特別引人注目，是因為它具有高度傳染性。Butwhatmakesyawningparticularlycompellingisthatit'shighlycontagious.蘇塞克斯大學研究員約翰·德魯里的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，打哈欠是一種自動反應，狗、動物和人類在看到別人打哈欠時都會打哈欠，不管他們是否愿意。ResearchbyJohnDrury,aSussexUniversityresearcher,foundthatyawningisanautomaticresponseandthatdogs,animals,andhumansallyawnwhentheyseeothersyawning,whethertheywanttoornot.德魯里還發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們的社會群體和與周圍人的親密程度與我們發(fā)起這種行為的傾向有關。Druryalsodiscoveredthatoursocialgroupandclosenesstothosearounduslinkedtoourpropensitytoinitiatethebehavior.諾丁漢大學進行的另一項研究證實，打哈欠在人與人之間是會傳染的，當我們觀察別人時，我們對打哈欠的抵抗力是有限的。AnotherstudyconductedbytheUniversityofNottinghamconfirmedthatyawningiscontagiousbetwe