專題21科學(xué)與科學(xué)家-備戰(zhàn)2022高考英語(yǔ)單元話題語(yǔ)法填空閱讀理解讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)專項(xiàng)突破（人教版2019）

專題21科學(xué)與科學(xué)家Part1語(yǔ)法填空（一）Threescientistshavewonthe2020NobelPrizeinphysicsfortheirdiscoveriesrelatedtomassiveobjectscalledblackholes.TheRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciencesaidTuesdayitwouldgivehalfofthe$1.1millionprizetoRogerPen-roseofBritain'sUniversityofOxford,1．(add)thathehadusedmathematicstoprovethatblackholeswereadirectresultof"AlbertEinstein'sgeneraltheoryofrelativity."Germany'sReinhardGenzelandAndreaGhezoftheUnitedStateswillsharetheotherhalfofthephysicsprize.Theacademyhonoredthetwoscientists"2．thediscoveryofasuper-massivecompactobjectatthecenterofourgalaxy."Thatobjectwasalargeblackhole.Thephysicsprizecelebrates3．theNobelCommitteecalled"oneofthemostexoticobjectsintheuniverse."Galaxiesarehugesystemsthatcontainbillionsofstars.Blackholesmightexistatthecenterofeverygalaxy.Nothing,notevenlight,4．escapetheirgravity.Timecomestoastop5．itgetscloser.RogerPen-roseprovedthattheformationofblackholeswaspossible.Hiswork6．(base)heavilyonEinstein'sgeneraltheoryofrelativity.BritishastronomerMartinReesnoteditwasPen-rose'swork7．fueleda"renaissance"inthestudyofrelativity.Headded,Pen-rose,togetherwithSetphenHawking,helpedsupportevidencefortheBigBangandblackholes."Pen-roseandHawkingarethetwoIndividuals8．havedonemorethananyoneelsesinceEinsteintodeepenourknowledgeofgravity,"Reessaid.ThefirstpictureGenzelandGhezgotoftheobjectwasin1995.Ayearlater,anotherpictureappearedtoshowthatthestarsnearthecenteroftheMilkyWayweremovingaround9．.AthirdpictureledGenzeandGheztothinktheyhaddiscoveredit.AndreaGhezisthefourthwoman10．(award)theNobelPrizeforphysics.TheotherswereMarieCuriein1903,MarieGoeppert-Mayerin1963,andDonnaStricklandin2018.（二）ChinasentupitsfirstMarsprobe(探測(cè)器)Tianwen1onThursday.Itisexpected11．(reach)theplanetinaboutsevenmonths.ThemissiontoMarsismuch12．(hard)comparedtothattothemoon.China’sMarsmission,13．(design)forthemappingofkeyzonesoftheplanet’ssurface,indicatesthecountry’sspacescienceandtechnology14．(progress)rapidlyinthepastyears.Itexpressesthedeterminationandperseverance(毅力)oftheChinesenationinlookingfor15．(science)truth.Tianwen1hasimmediatelygrabbedpeople’sattentionafteritslaunch,and16．isreportedthatthere’recountlessdiscussionsontopicsrelatedtospaceflightandtheexplorationofouterspace.People’s17．(curious)abouttheunknownandthirstforknowledgeare18．(obvious)arousedwheneverthecountrymakesbreakthroughsinspaceexploration.Andastronauts,scientistsandengineersarebecomingrolemodels19．moreandmoreyoungpeople.The“Marsfever”thathasbeenarousedshowspeople’sdesiretoknowmoreaboutspace,whichrequiresmoreinnovations(創(chuàng)新)todiscovermoreabouttheuniverse20．welive.（三）TuYouyou,acommittedandpatient21．(science),wasborninNingbo,China,on30December1930,and22．(graduate)fromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.Aftershegraduated,sheworked23．theChinaAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicineinBeijing.In1967,theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistswiththeobjectiveof24．(discover)anewtreatmentformalaria,andTuYouyouwasamongthefirstresearchers25．(choose).Inthebeginning,TuYouyouwenttoHainan,wheremalariawas26．(common),tostudymalariapatients.In1969,shebecame27．headoftheprojectinBeijing,anddecidedtoreviewancientChinesemedicaltexts28．(find)traditionalbotanicaltreatmentsforthedisease.Herteamexaminedover2,000oldmedicaltexts,andevaluated280,000plantsfortheirmedicalproperties.From29．(they)research,theydiscoveredandtested380distinctancientChinesemedicaltreatments30．showedpromiseinthefightagainstmalaria.Part2閱讀理解（一）Womenhavebeenmakingscientificdiscoveriessinceancienttimes.TwelvewomenhavewontheNobelPrizeforScience,oneofthehighesthonorsintheworld.Somewomenscientistsnevermarried,someworkedwiththeirhusbands,andothersraisedlargefamilies.Ithasbeendifficultforwomentobesuccessfulscientists.Intheearly1800sinEngland,MaryAnningbecameoneofthefirstwomenrecognizedforherdiscoveriesabouttheancienthistoryoftheearth.Maryandherfathercollectedfossils(化石)intheirvillageonthesouthcoastofGreatBritain.Fossilsarepartsofplantsoranimalsthathavebeensavedinrocksformillionsofyears.Whenshewasonlytwelveyearsold,Marybecamethefirstpersontofindthealmostcompleteskeletons(骨架)ofseveralanimalsthatnolongerexistedontheearth.Shedidn’tbecomefamousforherdiscoveriesatthattimebecausesheoftensoldherfossilstogetmoneytosupportherfamily.In1891,ayoungPolishwomannamedMarieSklodowskatraveledtoParistostudyphysics.ShedidsobecauseshecouldnotgetacollegeeducationinPoland.ShebeganworkinginthelaboratoryofamannamedPierreCurie.MarieandPierreCuriegotmarriedandmademanydiscoveriestogether.TheyreceivedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1903alongwithanotherscientist.MarieCuriebecamethefirstpersontobeawardedasecondNoblePrizein1911,thistimeforChemistry.MarieCuriewasoneofthefewwomenatthetimewhobecamefamousasascientist.31．Theauthorbelievesthatwomenscientists________.A．havemoreopportunitiestobecomesuccessfulB．cannotgetthehighesthonorsintheworldC．gothroughdifficultiestobesuccessfulD．hadbetterpaymoreattentiontotheirfamilies32．MaryAnningwasoneofthefirstwomento________.A．wintheNoblePrizeforScienceaftergettingmarriedB．makeachievementsinthestudyofancientearthC．researchanimalsandtheirbonesD．studythemysteryofallkindsofplants33．WhatcanwelearnaboutMarieSklodowska?A．ShestudiedphysicsinPolandandgotacollegeeducation.B．ShereceivedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1903onherown.C．SheonlygotoneNobelPrizeduringherlifetime.D．Shemademanydiscoveriesaftershegotmarried.34．What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A．Ancientdiscoveries. B．Womenscientists.C．Successfulmarriages. D．Differentprizes.（二）Scientistshavecalculated(計(jì)算)temperaturesonEarth’ssurfaceduringthelastIceAge.Theresearchersmadetheircalculationswiththehelpoffossilizedremainsofoceanplankton(海洋浮游生物化石遺跡)andmodelsofclimatestensofthousandsofyearsagoindifferentpartsoftheworld.TheresearchersreportedtheirfindingsintheBritishscientificpublicationNature.ThemostrecentIceAgelastedfromabout115,000to11,000yearsago.Duringthistime,hugesheetsoficecoveredmuchofNorthAmerica,SouthAmerica,EuropeandAsia.“Wehavealotofdataaboutthistimeperiodbecauseithasbeenstudiedforsolong,”saidJessicaTierney,apaleoclimatologist(古氣候?qū)W家)withtheUniversityofArizona,whohelpedleadthestudy.“Butonequestionsciencehaslongwantedanswerstoissimple:HowcoldwastheIceAge?”Accordingtothefindings,theaverageIceAgetemperatureworldwideduringthisperiodwasabout7.8degreesCelsius(攝氏溫度).Itwasapproximately6degreesCelsiuscolderthantheaveragetoday.AtmosphericcarbondioxidelevelsduringtheIceAgewereabout180partspermillion,whichisverylow,theresearcherssaid.BeforetheIndustrialRevolutionofthe1800s,levelsrosetoabout280partspermillion.Todaytheyareabout415partspermillion.TheresearchersannouncedplanstousetheirtemperaturecalculationmethodstorecreatewarmperiodsinEarth’shistory.“Ifwecanreconstructpastwarmclimates,thenwecanstarttoanswerimportantquestionsabouthowtheEarthreactstoreallyhighcarbondioxidelevels...”Tierneysaid.Thiscanhelpscientistsexpandtheirunderstandingofwhatfutureclimatechangemightbring.TierneysaidthatlookingatinformationfrompastclimatesistheonlywaytofindoutwhattrulyhappenswhentheEarthexperienceslongcoldorwarmperiods.“So,bystudyingthem,wecanbetterrestrictwhattoexpectinthefuture.”35．Thispassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom_________.A．a(chǎn)sciencemagazine B．a(chǎn)travelwebsite C．children’sbooks D．a(chǎn)storycollection36．Whatistheaverageworldtemperaturetoday,accordingtothescientists’calculations?A．Around8℃. B．6℃orso. C．Roughly7℃. D．About14℃.37．Whatcanweexpectofscientists’reconstructingpastwarmclimatesinthefuture?A．understandingtheinfluencesofclimatechangebetter.B．FindingthereasonsforIceAgeEarthspeciesdisappearing.C．ReducingEarth’satmosphericcarbondioxidelevels.D．Answeringquestionsabout“HowcoldwastheIceAge?”.38．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．IceAgeTemperatureCalculationMethodsB．Earth’sPastWarmClimates’ReconstructionC．AtmosphericCO2LevelsduringtheIceAgeD．Earth’sTemperaturesduringtheIceAge（三）EarlierintheCOVID-19pandemicitwasvitaltoseedoctorsoveronlineplatformslikeZoomorFaceTimewhenin-personappointmentsposedrisksofcoronavirusexposure.ByApril2020,onenationalstudyfoundthattelemedicinevisitsalreadyaccountedfor13percentofallmedicalclaimscomparedwith0.15percentayearearlier.COVID-19letvirtualmedicineoutofthebottle,butnowitstimetotameit.Usingittoowidelyortooquicklyriskspoorercareandhigherchargesinasystemalreadyinfamousforbigbills.Thepandemichasdemonstratedthatvirtualmedicineisgreatformanysimplevisits.Butmanyofthenewtypesoftelemedicinebeingpromotedbycompaniesmoreclearlybenefitprovidersandinvestorspockets,ratherthangivingpatientsmoreconvenient,high-qualityandcost-effectivemedicine.“Rightnowthere’salotoffocusonideasthatsoundcoolratherthansolvingproblems,”saidDr.PeterPronovostfromUniversityHospitalsClevelandMedicalCenter.“Weknowpreciouslittleaboutitsimpactonquality.”Evenso,thefinancialworldisfullofinvestmentopportunities.Inthefirstsixmonthsof2020,telehealthcompaniesraisedrecordamountsoffunding,withfivenewcompanieseachraisingmorethan$100million.Therearenowtelehealthappsthattargetmarketslikethementalhealthofpregnant(懷孕的)women.Youcanevendoadigitaleyeappointment,andmeetwithyourdentistvirtuallytomonitoryouroralhealth.Buttherearethingsthatvirtualmedicinecanmiss.Onestudyshowedthatcommercialtelemedicineservicesweremuchmorelikelytosuggestantibiotics(抗生素)forchildren’srespiratory(呼吸的)infectionsasaprimarycaredoctoratanin-personvisit.That'sinpartbecauseifyoucan’tseeintotheeartoobserveclosely,forexample,thesafercourseistoovertreat-eventhoughthat'scontrarytogivingguidelinesintendedtopreventantibioticresistance.Thereisactuallymuchtobesolved.Ifweallowthemarkettomakethechoice,weriskpreservingthosetelemedicineservicesthatmakemoneyforprovidersandinvestorsandlosethosethatbenefitpatients.39．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tame”inparagraph1probablymean?A．Control. B．Test. C．See. D．Promote.40．WhatisDr.PeterPronovostcriticalof?A．Alackofcoolideas. B．Theabilityofinvestors.C．Theconvenienceoftelemedicine. D．Theeffectivenessofvirtualmedicine.41．Howaretelehealthcompaniesprobablydoing?A．Theyarepopularwithfemalepatients.B．Theytendtoinvestinmanyotherfields.C．Theyaregettingasignificantflowoffunds.D．Theymainlyfocusonmentalhealthproblems.42．Whatproblemmayvirtualmedicinebring?A．Patients’overreaction.B．Patients’antibioticresistance.C．Patients’puttingoffappointments.D．Patients’limitedtreatmentoptions.Part3讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。Onetime,theteachersataschoolwantedtoteachthestudentsaboutairplanes.Whileallairplanescanfly,someareabletoflyfartherthanothers.Thisisbecausenotallairplanesarebuiltthesame.Forexample,afighterplanelooksverydifferentfromaplanethatpeopleflyinwhentheywanttogoonaholiday.Theteacherswonderedhowtheycouldmakestudentsunderstandthis.Then,thescienceteacher,Mr.Moose,decidedthattheschoolshouldhaveapaperairplanecontest.Everystudentwoulddesignapaperairplane.Theywouldstandinalineintheplaygroundbehindtheschool.Thestudentswouldtaketurnsthrowingtheirairplanes.Thestudentwhoseairplanewentthefarthestwouldwin.WhenMr.Mooseannouncedthepaperairplanecontesttothestudents,theywereveryexcited.AstudentnamedPaul,whowasontheschoolsportsteam,saidtoeveryoneelsethathisairplanewouldwin.“Iamthestrongest,”P(pán)aulsaid.“SoIwillbeabletothrowmyairplanethefarthest.”However,whilePaulwassayingthis,anotherstudent,Brian,wasthinkinghowhecouldwin.Briandidnotplayanysportsandwasnotverystrong.Buthelovedairplanesandreallywantedtowinthecontest.Brianrealizedwhathehadtodo.Hewenttothestoreandboughtabigstack(疊)ofpaper.Whenhegothome,hetookthepaperintohisbackyard.Hetookapieceofpaperandfoldedanairplane.Itdidn’tgoveryfar,soBriantookanotherpieceandfoldedanotherairplaneandthrewit.Thisairplanewentalittlefarther.Briankeptfoldingdifferentkindsofairplanesandthrowingthem.Somewentveryfarandsomedidnot.Finally,whenBrianhadusedallthepaper,hewalkeduptotheairplanethathadflownthefarthestandpickeditup.Thenextdaywasthecontest.Allthestudentslinedup.Everyonetookturns.Afterawhile,everyonehadthrownexceptPaulandBrian.Paulwentfirst.Withaloudyell,hethrewtheairplaneintothesky.Itwentfartherthaneveryotherairplane.Everyonecheered.注意：1.所續(xù)寫(xiě)短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.續(xù)寫(xiě)部分分為兩段，每段的開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)已為你寫(xiě)好；Paragraph1:Finally,itwasBrian’sturn.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:Brianwonbecausehetriedoutmanysolutionstotheproblemofhowtomakeanairplaneflyveryfar.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________參考答案1．a(chǎn)dding2．for3．what4．can5．a(chǎn)s/when6．wasbased7．that8．that/who9．something10．tobeawarded【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了三位科學(xué)家因發(fā)現(xiàn)了稱為黑洞的大質(zhì)量物體而獲得2020年諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。1．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：瑞典皇家科學(xué)院星期二表示，將把110萬(wàn)美元獎(jiǎng)金的一半捐給英國(guó)牛津大學(xué)的RogerPenrose，并補(bǔ)充說(shuō)他曾用數(shù)學(xué)證明黑洞是“阿爾伯特·愛(ài)因斯坦的廣義相對(duì)論”的直接結(jié)果。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是said，賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是wouldgive，所以空格處是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且與主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。故填adding。2．考查介詞。句意：科學(xué)院因?yàn)椤霸谖覀冦y河系的中心發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)超大質(zhì)量的致密天體”表彰這兩位科學(xué)家。根據(jù)句型honorsb.forsth.，意為：因?yàn)槟呈卤碚媚橙恕９侍頵or。3．考查名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意：物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)是為了慶祝諾貝爾委員會(huì)叫做“宇宙中最奇異的物體之一”的東西?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句且在賓語(yǔ)從句中作called之后的賓語(yǔ)，指物用what。故填what。4．考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：任何東西，即使是光，都不能逃脫它們的引力。結(jié)合句意可知使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can，表示能夠。故填can。5．考查連詞。句意：當(dāng)它變得更接近的時(shí)候，時(shí)間停止。結(jié)合句子可知考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示當(dāng)……時(shí)候，用as或when。故填as/when。6．考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：他的工作主要基于愛(ài)因斯坦的廣義相對(duì)論。根據(jù)短語(yǔ)bebasedon，意為：以……為基礎(chǔ)，主語(yǔ)Hiswork和base之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，根據(jù)主句判斷時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填wasbased。7．考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意：英國(guó)天文學(xué)家馬丁·里斯指出，正是潘·羅斯的工作推動(dòng)了相對(duì)論研究的“復(fù)興”。分析句子可知用到強(qiáng)調(diào)句式“itwas+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that”。故填that。8．考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意：“潘·羅斯和霍金是自愛(ài)因斯坦以來(lái)在加深我們對(duì)引力的認(rèn)識(shí)方面做得最多的兩個(gè)人?！薄？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)定于從句修飾先行詞thetwoIndividuals，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指人用that或who均可。故填that/who。9．考查不定代詞。句意：一年后，另一張照片似乎顯示銀河系中心附近的恒星正在圍繞某個(gè)物體運(yùn)動(dòng)。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)填入不定代詞something，意為：某物。故填something。10．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：安德里亞·蓋茲是第四位獲得諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的女性。名詞woman被序數(shù)詞fourth修飾，應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，thefourthwoman和動(dòng)詞award之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式。故填tobeawarded。11．toreach12．harder13．designed14．hasprogressed15．scientific16．it17．curiosity18．obviously19．for20．where【分析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。中國(guó)于周二發(fā)射了第一個(gè)火星探測(cè)器——天問(wèn)一號(hào)，文章介紹了其任務(wù)和意義。11．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：天問(wèn)一號(hào)預(yù)期將在約7個(gè)月后抵達(dá)火星。本句使用了短語(yǔ)expectsb./sth.todo“預(yù)計(jì)某人/某物做……”的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)使用不定式。故填toreach。12．考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意：去火星的任務(wù)比起去月球要難很多。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和空后的comparedto“和······相比”可知，此處要用形容詞的比較級(jí)harder。故填harder。13．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：中國(guó)的火星任務(wù)，旨在掌握火星表面關(guān)鍵地區(qū)的地圖信息，表明中國(guó)的空間科技在過(guò)去這些年發(fā)展迅速。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，mission后是非限制性定語(yǔ)，design與mission是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞形式。故填designed。14．考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：中國(guó)的火星任務(wù)，旨在掌握火星表面關(guān)鍵地區(qū)的地圖信息，表明中國(guó)的空間科技在過(guò)去這些年發(fā)展迅速。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)inthepastyears可知，indicates后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是thecountry’sspacescienceandtechnology，應(yīng)視為第三人稱單數(shù)，故填hasprogressed。注意：此處的progress是動(dòng)詞，意為“進(jìn)步，發(fā)展”。故填hasprogressed。15．考查形容詞。句意：這表現(xiàn)了中華民族探尋科學(xué)真相的決心和毅力。本空作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞truth，應(yīng)使用science的形容詞形式scientific“科學(xué)的”。故填scientific。16．考查形式主語(yǔ)。句意：天問(wèn)一號(hào)發(fā)射后立即引起了人們的關(guān)注，據(jù)報(bào)道在關(guān)于太空飛行和探索外太空的話題下人們議論紛紛。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，and后的句子是“itis/wasreported＋that從句”句型，意為“據(jù)報(bào)道……”，其中it是形式主語(yǔ)，that從句是真正的主語(yǔ)。故填it。17．考查名詞。句意：每當(dāng)國(guó)家在太空探索上實(shí)現(xiàn)突破時(shí)，人們對(duì)未知的好奇和求知欲都明顯會(huì)被激發(fā)出來(lái)。本空與后面的thirst并列作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)使用名詞curiosity表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。18．考查副詞。句意：每當(dāng)國(guó)家在太空探索上實(shí)現(xiàn)突破時(shí)，人們對(duì)未知的好奇和求知欲都明顯會(huì)被激發(fā)出來(lái)。本空所填詞修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)該用副詞obviously“顯然，明顯地”。故填obviously。19．考查介詞。句意：而宇航員、科學(xué)家和工程師們正成為越來(lái)越多年輕人的榜樣。此處model應(yīng)與介詞for搭配，表示“對(duì)于......”。故填for。20．考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：這場(chǎng)“火星熱”表明人們渴望了解太空，這就需要更多的創(chuàng)新從而發(fā)現(xiàn)更多我們所在的這個(gè)宇宙的信息。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空白前句本身是定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系代詞為theuniverse，后句中l(wèi)ive是不及物動(dòng)詞，考慮定語(yǔ)從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系副詞where。故填where。21．scientist22．graduated23．a(chǎn)t24．discovering25．chosen26．morecommon27．the28．tofind29．their30．which/that【分析】本文是記敘文。文章介紹了屠呦呦的成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷和她在瘧疾療法研究中作出的貢獻(xiàn)。21．考查名詞。句意：屠呦呦是一位鞠躬盡瘁且堅(jiān)持不懈的科學(xué)家，于1930年12月30日出生在中國(guó)寧波，1955年畢業(yè)于北京大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院。結(jié)合句意，再根據(jù)空格前不定冠詞a和形容詞committed與patient可知，應(yīng)填入單數(shù)名詞scientist，作同位語(yǔ)，意為“科學(xué)家”。故填scientist。22．考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：屠呦呦是一位鞠躬盡瘁且堅(jiān)持不懈的科學(xué)家，于1930年12月30日出生在中國(guó)寧波，1955年畢業(yè)于北京大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院。分析句子可知，提示詞graduate是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其后有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in1955，所以應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，用過(guò)去式graduated。故填graduated。23．考查介詞。句意：畢業(yè)后，她在北京的中國(guó)中醫(yī)研究院工作。介詞at可以跟表示地點(diǎn)或場(chǎng)所的名詞，表示“在……學(xué)習(xí)或工作”，她在中醫(yī)研究院工作，所以用workat。故填at。24．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：1967年，中國(guó)政府組建了一個(gè)科學(xué)家團(tuán)隊(duì)，目標(biāo)是發(fā)現(xiàn)一種新的瘧疾治療方法，屠呦呦是首批被選中的研究人員之一。根據(jù)空格前介詞of可知，應(yīng)填入動(dòng)名詞discovering作賓語(yǔ)。故填discovering。25．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：1967年，中國(guó)政府組建了一個(gè)科學(xué)家團(tuán)隊(duì)，目標(biāo)是發(fā)現(xiàn)一種新的瘧疾治療方法，屠呦呦是首批被選中的研究人員之一。分析句子可知，提示詞choose(選擇)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾名詞researchers，是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，與其邏輯主語(yǔ)researchers之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且“choose”這一動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，所以應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞，表示被動(dòng)和完成。故填chosen。26．考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意：起初，屠呦呦去了瘧疾比較常見(jiàn)的海南，研究瘧疾患者。屠呦呦從北京轉(zhuǎn)到海南去研究瘧疾，結(jié)合常識(shí)可推知，應(yīng)該是海南有更利于研究的條件，結(jié)合句意可知，這一條件應(yīng)該是“在海南瘧疾更常見(jiàn)”，句中含有比較級(jí)關(guān)系，所以提示詞common應(yīng)用比較級(jí)morecommon。故填morecommon。27．考查冠詞。句意：1969年，她成為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目在北京的負(fù)責(zé)人，并決定查閱中國(guó)古代醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)，尋找治療這種疾病的傳統(tǒng)植物療法。根據(jù)句意可知，句中head(負(fù)責(zé)人)指“北京項(xiàng)目的負(fù)責(zé)人”，是特指，應(yīng)使用定冠詞the修飾。故填the。28．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：1969年，她成為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目在北京的負(fù)責(zé)人，并決定查閱中國(guó)古代醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)，尋找治療這種疾病的傳統(tǒng)植物療法。分析句子可知，提示詞find是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，與其邏輯主語(yǔ)she之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且“(find)traditionalbotanicaltreatmentsforthedisease”是“decidedtoreviewancientChinesemedicaltexts”的目的，所以應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填tofind。29．考查代詞。句意：在他們的研究中，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)并測(cè)試了380種不同的，在對(duì)抗瘧疾方面展示出了希望的中國(guó)古代醫(yī)學(xué)療法。根據(jù)句意可知，they在句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞research，應(yīng)使用形容性物主代詞their，表示“他們的”。故填their。30．考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：在他們的研究中，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)并測(cè)試了380種不同的，在對(duì)抗瘧疾方面展示出了希望的中國(guó)古代醫(yī)學(xué)療法。分析句子可知，空格處為限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞medicaltreatments，關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞which或that引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。故填which/that。31．C32．B33．D34．B【分析】這是一篇記敘文。講述了女科學(xué)家的事跡。31．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Somewomenscientistsnevermarried,someworkedwiththeirhusbands,andothersraisedlargefamilies.Ithasbeendifficultforwomentobesuccessfulscientists.(一些女科學(xué)家從未結(jié)婚，一些與丈夫一起工作，還有一些養(yǎng)育了大家庭。對(duì)于女性來(lái)說(shuō)成為成功的科學(xué)家是經(jīng)歷了困難的。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為女性科學(xué)家經(jīng)歷了許多困難才能獲得成功。故選C項(xiàng)。32．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Intheearly1800sinEngland,MaryAnningbecameoneofthefirstwomenrecognizedforherdiscoveriesabouttheancienthistoryoftheearth.(在19世紀(jì)早期的英國(guó)，MaryAnning成為第一批因發(fā)現(xiàn)地球古代歷史而被認(rèn)可的女性之一。)”可知，MaryAnning是在古代地球研究方面取得成就的女性之一。故選B項(xiàng)。33．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“MarieandPierreCuriegotmarriedandmademanydiscoveriestogether.(Marie和PierreCurie結(jié)婚了，并共同做出了許多發(fā)現(xiàn)。)”可以推知，MarieSklodowska結(jié)婚后有許多科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選D項(xiàng)。34．主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段“Womenhavebeenmakingscientificdiscoveriessinceancienttimes.TwelvewomenhavewontheNobelPrizeforScience,oneofthehighesthonorsintheworld.(自古以來(lái)，婦女就有科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)。12名女性獲得了諾貝爾科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，這是世界上最高的榮譽(yù)之一。)”以及后文兩個(gè)著名的女科學(xué)家的事跡可知，本文主要講述了女科學(xué)家的事跡。故選B項(xiàng)。35．A36．D37．A38．D【分析】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了科學(xué)家已經(jīng)計(jì)算出了上一個(gè)冰河時(shí)期地球表面的溫度以及這一研究的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。35．推理判斷題。通讀全文并結(jié)合第一段“TheresearchersreportedtheirfindingsintheBritishscientificpublicationNature.(研究人員在英國(guó)科學(xué)雜志《自然》上發(fā)表了他們的發(fā)現(xiàn))”可知，文章主要介紹通過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的研究，科學(xué)家已經(jīng)計(jì)算出了上一個(gè)冰河時(shí)代地球表面的溫度，其相關(guān)研究成果發(fā)表在英國(guó)科學(xué)出版物《自然》上。由此推知，本文的話題屬于科學(xué)研究范疇，很可能出自科學(xué)雜志。故選A項(xiàng)。36．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Accordingtothefindings,theaverageIceAgetemperatureworldwideduringthisperiodwasabout7.8degreesCelsius(攝氏溫度).Itwasapproximately6degreesCelsiuscolderthantheaveragetoday.(研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，冰河期全球平均溫度約7.8攝氏度。比今天的平均溫度低6攝氏度)”可知，今天世界平均溫度為7.8+6=13.8攝氏度，大約14攝氏度。故選D項(xiàng)。37．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“Ifwecanreconstructpastwarmclimates,thenwecanstarttoanswerimportantquestionsabouthowtheEarthreactstoreallyhighcarbondioxidelevels...(如果我們能重建過(guò)去的溫暖氣候，那么我們就能開(kāi)始回答一些重要的問(wèn)題，比如地球?qū)φ嬲咚降亩趸加泻畏磻?yīng))”和“Thiscanhelpscientistsexpandtheirunderstandingofwhatfutureclimatechangemightbring.(這可以幫助科學(xué)家提升他們對(duì)未來(lái)氣候變化可能帶來(lái)的影響的理解)”可知，重建過(guò)去的溫暖氣候可以幫助科學(xué)家更好地了解氣候變化可能帶來(lái)的影響。故選A項(xiàng)。38．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹科學(xué)家已經(jīng)計(jì)算出了上一個(gè)冰河時(shí)期地球表面的溫度以及這一研究的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義，D項(xiàng)“Earth’sTemperaturesduringtheIceAge(冰河時(shí)代的地球溫度)”是研究的結(jié)果，也是全文展開(kāi)的基礎(chǔ)，是最佳標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。39．A40．D41．C42．B【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療服務(wù)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。39．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段的“Usingittoowidelyortooquicklyriskspoorercareandhigherchargesinasystemalreadyinfamousforbigbills.（過(guò)于廣泛或過(guò)快地使用遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致醫(yī)療服務(wù)質(zhì)量下降，醫(yī)保系統(tǒng)本來(lái)就因巨額賬單而臭名昭著，醫(yī)保費(fèi)用也會(huì)增加。）”可知，因?yàn)檫^(guò)于廣泛或過(guò)快地使用遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療有句中所描述的缺點(diǎn)，因此是時(shí)候控制它了，因此劃線詞tame的意思是“控制”，即Control，故選A。40．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的““Rightnowthere’salotoffocusonideasthatsoundcoolratherthansolvingproblems,”saidDr.PeterPronovostfromUniversityHospitalsClevelandMedicalCenter.“Weknowpreciouslittleaboutitsimpactonquality.”（克利夫蘭大學(xué)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)中心的彼得·普羅諾沃斯特博士說(shuō):“現(xiàn)在有很多人關(guān)注的是聽(tīng)起來(lái)很酷的想法，而不是解決問(wèn)題?！薄拔覀儗?duì)它對(duì)質(zhì)量的影響知之甚少?！保笨芍?，Dr.PeterPronovos