繞線轉(zhuǎn)子異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的控制演示文稿

繞線轉(zhuǎn)子異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的控制演示文稿當(dāng)前第1頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)（優(yōu)選）繞線轉(zhuǎn)子異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的控制當(dāng)前第2頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)刀閘開(kāi)關(guān)控制對(duì)象：380V，5.5kW以下小電機(jī)考慮到電機(jī)較大的起動(dòng)電流，刀閘的額定電流值應(yīng)如下選擇：（3~5)*異步電機(jī)額定電流電路符號(hào)QS當(dāng)前第3頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)控制按鈕常開(kāi)(動(dòng)合)按鈕電路符號(hào)SB常閉(動(dòng)斷)按鈕電路符號(hào)SB復(fù)合按鈕電路符號(hào)SB當(dāng)前第4頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)線圈鐵芯銜鐵主觸頭彈簧輔助觸頭M3~電機(jī)接觸器動(dòng)作過(guò)程線圈通電銜鐵被吸合觸頭閉合電機(jī)接通電源~380~~當(dāng)前第5頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)M3~接觸器動(dòng)作過(guò)程線圈通電銜鐵被吸合觸頭閉合電機(jī)接通電源

~220~380~~當(dāng)前第6頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)接觸器有關(guān)符號(hào)：接觸器線圈接觸器主觸頭－－用于主電路（流過(guò)的電流大，需加滅弧裝置）常開(kāi)常閉接觸器輔助觸頭－－用于控制電路（流過(guò)的電流小，無(wú)需加滅弧裝置）接觸器控制對(duì)象：電動(dòng)機(jī)及其它電力負(fù)載接觸器技術(shù)指標(biāo)：額定工作電壓、電流、觸點(diǎn)數(shù)目等。當(dāng)前第7頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)發(fā)熱元件功能：過(guò)載保護(hù)熱繼電器結(jié)構(gòu)：I常閉觸頭雙金屬片工作原理：發(fā)熱元件接入電機(jī)主電路，若長(zhǎng)時(shí)間過(guò)載，雙金屬片被烤熱。因雙金屬片的下層膨脹系數(shù)大，使其向上彎曲，扣板被彈簧拉回，常閉觸頭斷開(kāi)?？郯瀹?dāng)前第8頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)熱繼電器的符號(hào)發(fā)熱元件串聯(lián)在主電路中串聯(lián)在控制電路中常閉觸頭FRFR當(dāng)前第9頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)空氣式時(shí)間繼電器的工作原理常開(kāi)觸頭延時(shí)閉合常閉觸頭延時(shí)打開(kāi)線圈銜鐵常閉觸頭常開(kāi)觸頭線圈通電銜鐵吸合（向下）連桿動(dòng)作觸頭動(dòng)作動(dòng)作過(guò)程當(dāng)前第10頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)時(shí)間繼電器觸頭類型斷電式常閉斷電后延時(shí)閉合常開(kāi)斷電后延時(shí)斷開(kāi)通電式瞬時(shí)動(dòng)作延時(shí)動(dòng)作常閉觸點(diǎn)常開(kāi)觸點(diǎn)常開(kāi)通電后延時(shí)閉合常閉通電后延時(shí)斷開(kāi)當(dāng)前第11頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)一、轉(zhuǎn)子繞組串接電阻啟動(dòng)控制線路1.轉(zhuǎn)子串接三相電阻啟動(dòng)原理啟動(dòng)時(shí)，在轉(zhuǎn)子回路串入作Y形連接、分級(jí)切換的三相啟動(dòng)電阻器，以減小啟動(dòng)電流、增加啟動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩。隨著電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的升高，逐級(jí)減小可變電阻。啟動(dòng)完畢后，切除可變電阻器，轉(zhuǎn)子繞組被直接短接，電動(dòng)機(jī)便在額定狀態(tài)下運(yùn)行。轉(zhuǎn)子串接三相對(duì)稱電阻器轉(zhuǎn)子串接三相不對(duì)稱電阻器當(dāng)前第12頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)2.按鈕操作控制線路當(dāng)前第13頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3FU1KM1M3～3FU2FRSB5QSSB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KM3KM2KMR1R2R3FRSB2SB3SB4電路組成分析KM當(dāng)前第14頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3KM13SB5SB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KMKM3KM2KMR1R2R3SB2SB3SB4合上QS按下SB1繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)全部電阻啟動(dòng)FU1FU2QSM3～FRFR當(dāng)前第15頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)M3～L1L2L3KM13SB5SB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KMKM3KM2KMR1R2R3SB2SB3SB4按下SB2KM1線圈得電KM1觸頭閉合繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)R2,R3啟動(dòng)FU1FU2QSFRFR當(dāng)前第16頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)M3～L1L2L3KM13SB5SB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KMKM3KM2KMR1R2R3SB2SB3SB4按下SB3KM2線圈得電KM2觸頭閉合繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)R3啟動(dòng)FU1FU2QSFRFR當(dāng)前第17頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)M3～L1L2L3KM13SB5SB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KMKM3KM2KMR1R2R3SB2SB3SB4按下SB4KM3線圈得電KM3觸頭閉合繞線轉(zhuǎn)子切除全部電阻運(yùn)行FU1FU2QSFRFR當(dāng)前第18頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)M3～L1L2L3KM13SB5SB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KMKM3KM2KMSB2SB3SB4松開(kāi)SB4電動(dòng)機(jī)繼續(xù)運(yùn)行R1R2R3FU1FU2QSFRFR當(dāng)前第19頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)3.時(shí)間繼電器自動(dòng)控制線路當(dāng)前第20頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3FU1KM1M3～3FU2FRSB2QSSB1KM2KM3KMKMKT3KM3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1KMR1KT1KT2KT3R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2FR電路組成分析當(dāng)前第21頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3M3～3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2合上QS按下SB1KM線圈得電KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2FRQSFR當(dāng)前第22頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3M3～3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KM觸頭閉合繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)全部電阻啟動(dòng)KT1線圈得電KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2FRQSFR當(dāng)前第23頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3M3～3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KT1延時(shí)閉合觸頭閉合KM1線圈得電KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2FRQSFR當(dāng)前第24頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3M3～3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KM1觸頭閉合繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)R2,R3啟動(dòng)KT2線圈得電KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2FRQSFR當(dāng)前第25頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3M3～3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KT2延時(shí)閉合觸頭閉合KM2線圈得電KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2FRQSFR當(dāng)前第26頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3M3～3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KM2觸頭閉合繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)R3啟動(dòng)KT3線圈得電KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2FRQSFR當(dāng)前第27頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3M3～3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KT3延時(shí)閉合觸頭閉合KM3線圈得電KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2FRQSFR當(dāng)前第28頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3M3～3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KM3觸頭閉合繞線轉(zhuǎn)子切除全部電阻運(yùn)行KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2FRQSFR當(dāng)前第29頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3M3～3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KM3動(dòng)斷觸頭斷開(kāi)KT1線圈失電KT1觸頭斷開(kāi)KM1線圈失電KM1觸頭斷開(kāi)KT2線圈失電KT2觸頭斷開(kāi)電動(dòng)機(jī)繼續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2FRQSFR當(dāng)前第30頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)4.電流繼電器自動(dòng)控制電路當(dāng)前第31頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3FU1M3～3FU2FRSB2QSSB1KMKMKI1KM2KMR2R1KI2FRKI1KAKM3KI3R3KI3KM1KM1KM2KM3KI2KAKMKM1KM2KM3電路組成分析當(dāng)前第32頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3FU1M3～3SB2SB1KMKMKI1KM2KMR2R1KI2KI1KAKM3KI3R3KI3KM1KM1KM2KM3KI2KAKMKM1KM2KM3合上QS按下SB1KM線圈得電FU2FRQSFR當(dāng)前第33頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3FU1M3～3SB2SB1KMKMKI1KM2KMR2R1KI2KI1KAKM3KI3R3KI3KM1KM1KM2KM3KI2KAKMKM1KM2KM3KM觸頭閉合繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)全部電阻啟動(dòng)KＡ線圈得電FU2FRQSFR當(dāng)前第34頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3FU1M3～3SB2SB1KMKMKI1KM2KMR2R1KI2KI1KAKM3KI3R3KI3KM1KM1KM2KM3KI2KAKMKM1KM2KM3KA動(dòng)合觸頭閉合因啟動(dòng)電流大,KA1,KA2.KA3的動(dòng)斷觸頭斷開(kāi),繼續(xù)串聯(lián)全部電阻啟動(dòng)FU2FRQSFR當(dāng)前第35頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3FU1M3～3SB2SB1KMKMKI1KM2KMR2R1KI2KI1KAKM3KI3R3KI3KM1KM1KM2KM3KI2KAKMKM1KM2KM3因速度加快，電流減小，KA1欠電流,動(dòng)斷觸頭閉合KM1線圈得電KM1觸頭閉合串聯(lián)R2,R3繼續(xù)啟動(dòng)FU2FRQSFR當(dāng)前第36頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3FU1M3～3SB2SB1KMKMKI1KM2KMR2R1KI2KI1KAKM3KI3R3KI3KM1KM1KM2KM3KI2KAKMKM1KM2KM3因速度再加快電流繼續(xù)減小KA2欠電流,動(dòng)斷觸頭閉合KM2線圈得電KM2觸頭閉合串聯(lián)R3繼續(xù)啟動(dòng)FU2FRQSFR當(dāng)前第37頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3FU1M3～3SB2SB1KMKMKI1KM2KMR2R1KI2KI1KAKM3KI3R3KI3KM1KM1KM2KM3KI2KAKMKM1KM2KM3因速度再加快電流繼續(xù)減小KA3欠電流,動(dòng)斷觸頭閉合KM3線圈得電KM3觸頭閉合切除全部電阻全速運(yùn)行FU2FRQSFR當(dāng)前第38頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)二、轉(zhuǎn)子繞組串聯(lián)頻敏變阻器啟動(dòng)控制線路頻敏變阻器實(shí)際上是一個(gè)特殊的三相鐵芯電抗器，它有一個(gè)三柱鐵芯，每個(gè)柱上有一個(gè)繞組，三相繞組一般接成星形。頻敏變阻器的阻抗隨著電流頻率的變化而有明顯的變化電流頻率高時(shí)，阻抗值也高，電流頻率低時(shí)，阻抗值也低。頻敏變阻器的這一頻率特性非常適合于控制異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的啟動(dòng)過(guò)程。啟動(dòng)時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)子電流頻率fz最大。Rf與Xd最大,電動(dòng)機(jī)可以獲得較大起動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩。當(dāng)前第39頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)啟動(dòng)后，隨著轉(zhuǎn)速的提高轉(zhuǎn)子電流頻率逐漸降低，Rf和Xf都自動(dòng)減小，所以電動(dòng)機(jī)可以近似地得到恒轉(zhuǎn)矩特性，實(shí)現(xiàn)了電動(dòng)機(jī)的無(wú)級(jí)啟動(dòng)。啟動(dòng)完畢后，頻敏變阻器應(yīng)短路切除。當(dāng)前第40頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3FU1FU2QSKM1KM1KM2RFKTKM2M3～KM1FRSB2SB1KTKM2KM2KM23電路組成分析FR當(dāng)前第41頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3FU1KM1KM1KM2RFM3～SB2SB1KTKM2KM23合上QS按下SB1KM1線圈得電KT線圈得電KTKM2KM1KM2FU2QSFRFR當(dāng)前第42頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3FU1KM1KM1KM2RFM3～SB2SB1KTKM2KM23KM1觸頭閉合電動(dòng)機(jī)串聯(lián)頻敏電阻啟動(dòng)KTKM2KM1KM2FU2QSFRFR當(dāng)前第43頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3FU1KM1KM1KM2RFM3～SB2SB1KTKM2KM23KT延時(shí)閉合觸頭閉合KM2線圈得電KM2觸頭閉合切除頻敏電阻電動(dòng)機(jī)全速運(yùn)行KTKM2KM1KM2FU2QSFRFR當(dāng)前第44頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3FU1KM1KM1KM2RFM3～SB2SB1KTKM2KM23KT線圈失電KT延時(shí)閉合觸頭復(fù)位電動(dòng)機(jī)繼續(xù)全速運(yùn)行KTKM2KM1KM2FU2QSFRFR當(dāng)前第45頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)

三、凸輪控制器控制線路

中、小容量繞線轉(zhuǎn)子異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的啟動(dòng)、調(diào)速及正反轉(zhuǎn)控制，常常采用凸輪控制器來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，以簡(jiǎn)化操作，如橋式起重機(jī)上大部分采用這種控制線路。當(dāng)前第46頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3M3～QSI＞I＞AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA954321012345反轉(zhuǎn)零位正轉(zhuǎn)KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3電路組成分析KMKM當(dāng)前第47頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)正轉(zhuǎn)當(dāng)前第48頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3M3～QSI＞I＞AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA954321012345反轉(zhuǎn)零位正轉(zhuǎn)KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3合上QS,按下SB1KMKM當(dāng)前第49頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3M3～QSI＞I＞AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA954321012345反轉(zhuǎn)零位正轉(zhuǎn)KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3KM觸頭閉合KMKM當(dāng)前第50頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3M3～QSI＞I＞AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA954321012345反轉(zhuǎn)零位正轉(zhuǎn)KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手輪轉(zhuǎn)到“正”１位置KMKM當(dāng)前第51頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3M3～QSI＞I＞AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA954321012345反轉(zhuǎn)零位正轉(zhuǎn)KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手輪轉(zhuǎn)到“正”２位置KMKM當(dāng)前第52頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3M3～QSI＞I＞AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA954321012345反轉(zhuǎn)零位正轉(zhuǎn)KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手輪轉(zhuǎn)到“正”３位置KMKM當(dāng)前第53頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3M3～QSI＞I＞AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA954321012345反轉(zhuǎn)零位正轉(zhuǎn)KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手輪轉(zhuǎn)到“正”４位置KMKM當(dāng)前第54頁(yè)\共有59頁(yè)\編于星期一\12點(diǎn)L1L2L3M3～QSI＞I＞AC8AC9AC7AC6