Unit4+Exploring+Literature-Grammar+and+Usage+課件【高效課堂+備課精研】 高中英語牛津譯林版（2020）必修第二冊

新牛津譯林高中英語必修二Unit4ExploringLiterature

GrammarandUsageExploringtheRulesGrammarandusage:FreetalkHowdoyouchoosebooks?

Yougotothebookshop.Youdiscusswithclassmatesorfriends.Youturntoteachersforhelp.Youcomeacrossabookaccidentally.Parentsofferadvice.Educatorslistthenamesofbooks.Bookshopspromotesomebestsellers.TVoronlineprogramsaremeanttorecommendbooks.ReadawebsitearticleabouthowtochoosebooksonPage48.Grammarandusage:Readthearticleagainandfillinthechartbelow(P48)Theauthor’sviewpointGetideasfrom_______________.Develop____________________.differentsourcesyourowntaste◆

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________________________________________________Askyourfriends,parentsandteacherstorecommendwhatbooksyououghttoread.Readbookreviewsinnewspapers,inmagazinesoronline.Decideforyourselfwhatkindofbookstoread.Lookforbooksontopicsthatinterestyou.WorkingOuttheRulesHowdoyouexplainmodalverbs?情態(tài)動詞情感態(tài)度

情態(tài)動詞，即表示人的情感和態(tài)度的動詞。ThefeaturesofModalverbs情態(tài)動詞的特征沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化;其否定形式在后面直接加not情態(tài)動詞后接動詞原形WhatModalVerbsdoyouknow?ModalverbscouldmaymightshallshouldhavetomustwouldwillcanCan和Could1.表能力Hecaneatabucketofrice.Canthenewsbetrue?Ithinkitcan’tbetrue.2.表推測，“可能”，用于疑問句或否定句Can/CouldIuseyourdictionary?Couldyoulendmeahand?3.表請求或許可（表請求時，could比can語氣更委婉）May和Might1.表許可或征詢對方許可MayIcomein?Whereishefrom?Hemay/mightfromChenzhou.2.表把握不大的推測，”或許””可能”，常用于肯定句，might比may可能性小(口語中常用might代may表委婉語氣)Yes,youmay.No,youmustn’t.

will與would1)表示習(xí)慣性動作（habit），will表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣，would表示過去的習(xí)慣。如：Marywilllistentomusicforhoursinherroom.IwouldtakeawalkaftersupperwhenIwasyoung.2)表示意愿（willingness）。如：Thebabywon’tgotosleep.3)表示請求（request），would比will更委婉些

Wouldyougivemesomeadvice?注意：usedto也表示過去的習(xí)慣性動作，多用于非正式場合，往往指后來停止了的動作。否定形式是didn’tuseto或usednotto。如：Iusedtohaveabicycle,butIsoldit.Johndidn’tusetocomehere.DidMikeusetoreadnewspapers?2).表較大可能實現(xiàn)的猜測，推斷，意為“可能，應(yīng)該”Thestreetshouldbecrowedatweekends.should

1).表責(zé)任或義務(wù)，應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)Youshouldcompleteyourtestintime.你應(yīng)該按時完成你的測驗。周末這條街應(yīng)該很擁擠。萬一明天我有空，我會來的像他這樣的紳士對待女士竟然這么粗魯3).表萬一ShouldIbefreetomorrow,Iwillcome4).表意外，“竟然，居然”

Agentlemanlikehimshouldberudetoalady.

oughtto

Youarehisfather.Yououghttotakecareofhim.Yououghtn’ttosmokesomuch.

表義務(wù)，意為“應(yīng)該”（因責(zé)任、義務(wù)等該做），語氣比should稍重。你是他的父親，你應(yīng)該照顧他。你不應(yīng)該抽太多煙shall1)在疑問句中，表示建議或征求意見。如：

ShallIhelpyouwiththebox?2)表示承諾或要求。如：Youshallhavethemagazine.HeshalldoasItellhim.3)用于正式文件、法律、規(guī)章制度等，表示規(guī)定。如：Studentsshallnotusecalculatorsduringexams.我?guī)湍惆嵯渥雍脝?你將得到這本雜志。他將按照我告訴他的去做。學(xué)生考試時不得使用計算器。

Weneedtofinishthejobbeforedark.Youneedn’thurryasthere’splentytimeleft.

Hedaredtotravelabroadwhenhewasyoung.Howdareyouletyourlittlechildgoout

alone?

我們必須在天黑前完成這項工作。你不必著急，還剩下很多時間。他年輕時敢于出國旅行。你怎么敢讓你的小孩單獨出去?dare(敢于，敢)與need（需要）dare和need作為情態(tài)動詞，常用于疑問句和否定句中。同時也可用作實義動詞。實義動詞隨主語變化，情態(tài)動詞后接動詞原形NeedIcomeheretomorrow？Yes,youmust.No,youneedn’t.

/youdon’thaveto.Need的回答1.musthavedone

表示對過去行為的推測,意為“一定,想必做過”,語氣十分肯定Itmusthaverainedlastnight,asthegroundiswet.

情態(tài)動詞+have+done的用法昨晚一定下雨了,因為地面是濕的。2.couldhavedone的疑問或否定形式表示對過去發(fā)生的行為表示懷疑或不肯定,其中couldn’thavedone多用于語氣強(qiáng)烈的否定,意為“過去不可能做過”couldhavedone在肯定句中是虛擬語氣表示“本來能做但卻沒做”Don’tworry.Theycouldhavejustforgottentocall.IsawMr.Lijustnow.Hecouldn’thavegonetoBeijing.別擔(dān)心。他們可能只是忘了打電話。我剛才看見李先生了。他不可能去了北京。3.may/mighthavedone表示對過去行為的推測,意為“可能做過”might所表示的可能性比較弱,此外mighthavedone還可表示“本可能做而實際上未做”,含有輕微的責(zé)備語氣。Smithmighthavegonetoseethemovieyesterday.Youmighthavegivenhimmorehelp,thoughyouwerebusywithyourwork.昨天史密斯也許已經(jīng)去看過電影了你本來可以給他更多的幫助,盡管你工作很忙。4.should/oughttohavedone用于肯定句時,表示“本該做某事而實際上未做”shouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavedone則表示“不該做某事反而做了”你本來應(yīng)該進(jìn)行充分準(zhǔn)備的。

Youshouldn'thavebulledyourbrother你本不應(yīng)該欺負(fù)你的弟弟Youshouldhavemadefullpreparations.5.needn’thavedone表示對過去的虛擬，意為“本來不必做某事而實際上卻做了”我實際上不必買這么多食物——只有三個人來了。Iactuallyneedn’thaveboughtsomuchfood—onlythreepeoplecame.6.hadbetterhavedone

用于事后的建議,含輕微責(zé)備的口吻,意為“當(dāng)時最好做了某事”。Ihadbetterhavestartedearlier.我要是早點起程就好了。7.wouldratherhavedonesth.表示“寧愿當(dāng)時做某事”,其否定形式wouldrathernothavedonesth.表達(dá)相反的含義,兩者都含有“后悔”之意。Iwouldratherhavetakenhisadvice.我寧愿當(dāng)時接受了他的建議。8.wouldlike/lovetohavedonesth.表示“過去本打算做某事但未做成”。Iwouldlovetohavegonetothepartylastnight,butIhadtofinishmyreport.我昨天晚上本想去參加聚會來,但我不得不寫完報告。ApplyingtherulesApplyingtherulesP49B1For

the

following

groups

of

three

sentences,tickthesentencewhichusesthemodalverbdifferentlyfromtheothertwo.

a

CanIkeepthebookformorethantwoweeks?

bNickcanreadmoreinanafternoonthanIcaninaweek!

cCanMaryfinishWarandPeaceinamonth?aIamafraidImaybeunabletofinishthisnoveltoday.

bItmaybedifficultforpeopletoagreeonwhatgoodliteratureis.

cYoumaygotothelibrarytomorrowafternoon,ifyouhavetime.√√requestabilityabilitypossibilitypossibilitysuggestionApplyingtherulesB1For

the

following

groups

of

three

sentences,tickthesentencewhichusesthemodalverbdifferentlyfromtheothertwo.

a

ImustfinishwritingthebookreviewandhanditinbeforeWednesday.

bYoumustbetiredafterthreehours’reading.cStudentsmustdevelopthehabitofreadingclassicliterature.aHenryshouldbereadingbooksinthelibrary.

bIhavefiftydollars—thatshouldbeenoughforthreebooks.

cReadingEnglishnovelshasgreatlyincreasedmyvocabulary—youshouldtryittoo.√√necessitypossibilitynecessitypossibilitypossibilitysuggestionB2Belowisanentryinastudent’sreadingjournal.Completetheentrywiththecorrectmodelverbsinbrackets.

WhenmyEnglishteachersuggestedthatIreadCharlesDickens’sAChristmasCarol,Ithought,“I(1)

(can’t/shouldn’t)readthis!It(2)

(hasto/must)beveryboring.”Surprisingly,itturnedouttheexactopposite.I(3)

(could/might)notstopturningthepages!Thebook’smaincharacterisScrooge,arichbutmeanoldman.Hehatesallkindsofcelebrations.OnChristmaseve,heistransportedtodifferentpointsinhislifebythreespirits.Intheend,hereflectsonthesemomentsandrealizeshismistakes.Thenhedecidesthathe(4)

(might/must)changehimself.can’tmustcouldmustOnChristmasmorning,hesendsalargeturkeytoapoormanforChristmasdinner.Healsotriestomakehisfamilyandfriendshappybyspendingtimewiththem.Thereissomethingthat(5)

(can/must)belearntfromAChristmasCarol:we(6)

(should/may)treatotherswithkindness,generosityandlove.Ithinkeveryone(7)

(would/oughtto)readthisbook.canshouldoughttoCFillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebrackets,usingthepropermodalverbs.P76

（選作）1.—What’stheweatherlikeinyourhometown?Isitcoldinwinter?—Yes,it

(be)ascoldas-30℃inwinter.2.—IwanttoinviteTomtoseeafilmtonight.Hashearrivedyet?—Yes,hejustarrived.Butafterfourhours’ride,he______________