2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-西南大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題薈萃帶答案篇

長(zhǎng)風(fēng)破浪會(huì)有時(shí)，直掛云帆濟(jì)滄海。住在富人區(qū)的她2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-西南大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題薈萃帶答案第1卷一.綜合題(共10題)1.單選題IhadeatenChinesefoodoften,butIcouldnothaveimaginedhow（

）andextravagantarealChinesebanquetcouldbe.問題1選項(xiàng)A.fabulousB.graciousC.handsomeD.prominent2.單選題Althoughwomenareascompetentasmeninmanagingpeopleandorganization,theystilldonotattainthehighestpositionsincorporations.Their（1）seemstobe（2）

byaninvisiblebarrier.Atsomepoint,they

（3）

what'scalled“theglassceiling.”Failuretoattainthetopmostjobsinsomecasesis（4）

lackofexperienceor（5）

education.Becausegender

（6）

haskeptwomenoutofmanagementuntilrecentyears,theyhavenothadtimeto（7）

theyearsofexperiencethatare（8）

ofmosthigh-rankingexecutives.Alsoinearlieryears,womenwere（9）

fromenteringgraduateschoolsofengineering,science,business,andlawwhichhavebeen（10）

tocorporatemanagement.Evenasthosebarriershavebeenlowered,though,womenremain（11）

atexecutivelevels.Asagroup,theyhavenotyet（12）

theglassceilingtobecomechiefexecutiveofficersorboardchairpersons.Somethingcontinuestoholdthemback.Inoneauthoritativestudy,womenexecutives（13）

threekindsofpressuresthatcomplicatedtheirprofessionaladvancements:theday-to-day,year-in-year-outdemandsandthehectic(忙亂的)（14）

ofexecutivework;their（15）

roleas“firstwomanexecutive”andthespecialneedtoprovethemselvestoothers;andthestrainofmeetingfamily

（16）

.Inotherwordsthesewomenmanagersfacedallofthenormaldemandsofexecutiveworkthatmen,experienceplustwoadditionalrequirements（17）

totheircustomaryrolesinsociety.Havingprovenmanagerialtalentwasnotenough.Psychologically,theyhadtoprovethemselvestheequalofmen.Socially,theyfoundthemselvescarryinga（18）

shareoffamilyresponsibilities.Thesepsychologicalandsocial（19）

canholdbackthemostskilledanddedicatedmanager,evenincompanieswheregenderprejudiceis（20）

aminimum.問題1選項(xiàng)A.accessB.ascentC.lubricatedD.restrained問題2選項(xiàng)A.blockedB.prohibitedC.lubricatedD.restrained問題3選項(xiàng)A.collideB.knockdownC.coincideD.bumpinto問題4選項(xiàng)A.onaccountofB.thankstoC.accountingforD.dueto問題5選項(xiàng)A.intactB.inadequateC.incapableD.undesirable問題6選項(xiàng)A.dispositionB.differentiationC.displacementD.bias問題7選項(xiàng)A.elevateB.acquireC.disperseD.overestimate問題8選項(xiàng)A.typicalB.peculiarC.exemplaryD.indispensable問題9選項(xiàng)A.avoidedB.discouragedC.deprivedD.restricted問題10選項(xiàng)A.pathwayB.meansC.tracksD.trails問題11選項(xiàng)A.underratedB.underpopulatedC.underprivilegedD.underrepresented問題12選項(xiàng)A.brokenthroughB.turneddownC.madeoutD.cutoff問題13選項(xiàng)A.recognizedB.verifiedC.discernedD.identified問題14選項(xiàng)A.rateB.paceC.velocityD.step問題15選項(xiàng)A.pioneeringB.prevailingC.preliminaryD.preceding問題16選項(xiàng)A.choresB.obligationsC.responsibilityD.challenges問題17選項(xiàng)A.indifferentB.noticeableC.traceableD.distinguishable問題18選項(xiàng)A.disproportionateB.irregularC.inappropriateD.indecent問題19選項(xiàng)A.brakesB.spursC.frustrationsD.malfunctions問題20選項(xiàng)A.inB.atC.withD.on3.單選題Ihavefoundthattheeffectofcomicbookstobefirstofallanti-educational.Theyinterferewitheducationinthelargersense.Forchildren,educationisnotmerelyaquestionoflearning,butisapartofmentalhealth.Theydonot“l(fā)earn”onlyinschool;theylearnalsoduringplay,fromentertainment,andinsociallifewithadultsandwithotherchildren.Totakelargechunksoftimeoutofachild’slife——timeduringwhichheorsheisnotpositively,thatis,educationally,occupied——meanstointerferewithhealthfulmentalgrowth.Tomakeasharpdistinctionbetweenentertainmentandlearningispoorpedagogy,andevenworsepsychology.Agreatdealoflearningcomesintheformofentertainment,andagreatdealofentertainmentpainlesslyteachesimportantthings.Bynostretchofcriticalstandardscanthetextincomicsqualifyasliterature,orthedrawingsasart.Childrenspendanenormousamountoftimeoncomicbooks,buttheirgainisnil.Theydonotlearnhowtoreadaseriousbookormagazine.TheydonotgainatruepictureoftheWestfromthe“Westerns.”Theydonotlearnaboutanynormalaspectsofsex,love,orlife.Ihaveknownmanyadultswhohavetreasuredthroughouttheirlivessomeofthebookstheyreadaschildren.Ihavenevercomeacrossanyadultoradolescentwhohadoutgrowncomicbookreadingwhowoulddreamofkeepinganyofthesebooksforanysentimentalorotherreason.Inotherwords,childrenspendalargeamountoftimeandmoneyonthesepublicationsandhavenothingpositivetoshowforit.Andsincealmostallgoodchildren’sreadinghassomeeducationalvalue,comicsbytheirnaturearenotonlynon-educational;theyareanti-educational.Theyfailtoteachanythingthatmightbeusefultoachild;theydosuggestmanythingsthatareharmful.1.Theauthorwouldmostlikelyagreethatcomicbooks（

）.2.Inline2,theunderlinedword“question”mostnearlymeans（

）.

3.Theauthorcriticizesthosewhowould“makeasharpdistinction”(line7)becausetheauthorbelievesthat（

）.

4.Inlines11-13,thethreesentencesbeginningwith‘"they”primarilyserveto（

）.

5.Thetoneofthispassagecanbestbedescribedas（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.impairsocialdevelopmentB.couldbenefitfromself-regulationC.havenoeducationalvalueD.areobtainedtooeasily問題2選項(xiàng)A.matterB.requestC.objectionD.possibility問題3選項(xiàng)A.thebesteducatorsarealsoentertainersofasortB.withoutentertainmentlittlelearningtakesplaceC.entertainmentandlearningarecloselyinterrelatedD.textbooksoftenadoptcertainhumoroustechniques問題4選項(xiàng)A.lamentstudents’lackofinterestintraditionallearningB.condemnthosewhoprofitbypanderingtochildrenC.indicatewaysinwhichchildrenareshortchangedD.specifyhowcomicbooksmightbeimproved問題5選項(xiàng)A.facetiousB.severeC.sarcasticD.analytical4.單選題Werarelyperceivemorethanaminute（

）ofthesightsandsoundsthatfailuponoursenseorgans;thegreatmajoritypassesusby.問題1選項(xiàng)A.fictionB.functionC.fractionD.friction5.單選題Iwantsomething（

）placedinthiswindowsothatnoonewillbeabletowatchme.問題1選項(xiàng)A.crotchetyB.opaqueC.inductiveD.incongruous6.單選題Mostimportantly,suchanexperiencehelps（

）aheightenedsensitivitytootherculturesandwillbringaboutagreaterappreciationofone’sowncultureaswell.問題1選項(xiàng)A.coachB.forsakeC.fosterD.censor7.單選題Althoughitwashisfirstexperienceaschairman:he（

）overthemeetingwithgreatskill.問題1選項(xiàng)A.presidedB.administeredC.masteredD.executed8.單選題ThesummersessioninGeorgetownUniversitywasareallywonderfuloccasionwhichwewill（

）formanyyearstocome.問題1選項(xiàng)A.discountB.acquitC.cherishD.blur9.翻譯題ReadthefollowingpassageintoChinese

Whathopesandfearsdoesthescientificmethodimplyformankind?Idonotthinkthatthisistherightwaytoputthequestion.Whateverthistoolinthehandofmenwillproducedependsentirelyonthenatureofthegoalsaliveinthismankind.Oncethesegoalsexist,thescientificmethodfurnishesmeanstorealizethem.Yetitcannotfurnishtheverygoals.Thescientificmethoditselfwouldnothaveledanywhere.Itwouldnotevenhavebeenbornwithoutapassionatestrivingforclearunderstanding.Perceptionofmeansandconfusionofgoalsseem,inmyopinion,tocharacterizeourage,ifwedesiresincerelyandpassionatelythesafety,thewelfareandthefreedevelopmentofthetalentsofallmen,weshallnotbeinwantofthemeanstoapproachsuchastate.Evenifonlyasmallpartofmankindstrivesforsuchgoals,theirsuperioritywillproveitselfinthelongrun.Followingdifferentapproaches:a19th-centuryRussianPhysiologist(I.M.Sechenov),theU.S.founderofthebehavioristschoolofpsychology(J.R.Watson),anda20th-centurySwissdevelopmentalpsychologist(Piaget)allarrivedattheconclusionthattheactivitiesthatserveaselementsofthinkingareinternalizedoffractionalversionsofmotorresponses;thatis,theelementsareconsideredtobeattenuatedorcurtailedvariantsofneuromuscularprocessesthat,iftheywerenotsubjectedtopartialinhibition,wouldgiverisetovisiblebodilymovements.10.單選題Materialculturereferstothetouchable,material“things’’-physicalobjectsthatcanbeseen,held,felt,used-thatacultureproduces.Examiningaculture’stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup'shistoryandwayoflife.Similarly,researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccanhelpustounderstandthemusic-culture.Themostvividbodyof“things”init,ofcourse,aremusicalinstrument.Wecannothearforourselvestheactualsoundofanymusicalperformancebeforethe1870swhenthephonographwasinvented,sowerelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationaboutmusic-culturesintheremotepastandtheirdevelopment.Herewehavetwokindsofevidence:instrumentswellpreservedandinstruments,pictured'inart.Throughthestudyofinstruments,aswellaspaintings,writtendocuments,andsoon,wecanexplorethemovementofmusicfromtheNearEasttoChinaoverathousandyearsago,orwecanoutlinethespreadofNearEasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultedinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsonthesymphonyorchestra.Sheetmusicorprintedmusic,too,ismaterialculture.Scholarsoncedefinedfolkmusic-culturesasthoseinwhichpeoplelearnandsingmusicbyearratherthanfromprint,butresearchshowmutualinfluenceamongoralandwrittensourcesduringthepastfewcenturiesinEurope,BritainandAmerica.Printedversionslimitvarietybecausetheytendtostandardizeanysong,yettheystimulatepeopletocreatenewanddifferentsongs.Besides,theabilitytoreadmusicnotationhasafar-reachingeffectonmusiciansand,whenitbecomeswidespread,onthemusic-cultureasawhole.Musicisdeep-rootedintheculturalbackgroundthatfostersit.Wenowpaymoreandmoreattentiontotraditionalorethnicfeaturesinfolkmusicandarewillingtopreservethefolkmusicaswedowithmanytraditionalculturalheritages.Musiciansallovertheworldarebusywithrecordingclassicmusicintheircountryforthesakeoftheiruniqueculture.Asalways,people'saspirationwillalwaysfocusontheirindividualityratherthanuniversalfeaturesthataresharedbyallculturesalike.Onemoreimportantpartofmusic’smaterialcultureshouldbesingledout:theinfluenceoftheelectronicmedia-radio,recordplayer,taperecorder,andtelevision,withthefuturepromisingtalkingandsingingcomputersandotherdevelopments.Thisisallpartofthe"information-revolution",atwentiethcenturyphenomenonasimportantastheindustrialrevolutioninthenineteenth.Theseelectronicmediaarenotjustlimitedtomodemnations;theyhaveaffectedmusic-culturesallovertheglobe.1.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotbelongtomaterialculture?2.Theword"phonograph"(Line6,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans（

）.3.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphis（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanadvantageofprintedmusic?5.Fromthethirdparagraph,wemayinferthat（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.InstrumentsB.Music.C.Paintings.D.Sheetmusic.問題2選項(xiàng)A.recordplayerB.radioC.musicaltechniqueD.music-culture問題3選項(xiàng)A.theimportance,ofculturaltoolsandtechnologyB.theculturalinfluenceofthedevelopmentofcivilizationC.thefocusofthestudyofthematerialcultureofmusicD.thesignificanceoftheresearchintothemusicalinstruments問題4選項(xiàng)A.Readingofmusicnotationhasagreatimpactonmusicians.B.Peoplemaydrawinspirationfromit.C.Themusicculturewillbeinfluencedbyitintheend.D.Songstendtobestandardizedbyit.問題5選項(xiàng)A.traditionalculturalheritageisworthyofpreservationB.theuniversalfeaturessharedbyallculturesaren’tworthyofnotice.C.musicianspaymoreattentiontothepreservationoftraditionalmusic.D.themoredevelopedaculture,themorevaluablethemusicithasfostered第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】A【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。fabulous“難以置信的；極好的”；gracious“親切的；高尚的”；handsome“（男子）英俊的”；prominent“突出的，顯著的”。句意：我經(jīng)常吃中餐，但是我無(wú)法想象真正的中式宴會(huì)會(huì)有多么好，多么奢侈。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。2.【答案】第1題:B第2題:A第3題:D第4題:D第5題:B第6題:D第7題:B第8題:A第9題:B第10題:A第11題:A第12題:A第13題:A第14題:B第15題:A第16題:A第17題:C第18題:A第19題:A第20題:B【解析】（1）考察名詞、形容詞詞義辨析。access“進(jìn)入，使用權(quán)”；ascent“上升”。選項(xiàng)C與D是形容詞，空格處前面是物主代詞their,可知空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)名詞，所以選項(xiàng)C與D排除。前文提到女性在管理和組織方面的才能跟男性一樣優(yōu)秀，但是她們?nèi)匀坏貌坏焦镜母呶唬虼丝崭裉帒?yīng)該填入的單詞與升職有關(guān)，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。（2）考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。block“妨礙”；prohibit“禁止”；lubricate“潤(rùn)滑”；restrain“抑制”。前文提到女性升職困難，空格處后面的barrier是“障礙物”的意思，因此空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)含有“阻礙”意思的動(dòng)詞，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。（3）考察動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。collide“碰撞，沖突”；knockdown“撞倒，擊倒，拒絕”;coincide“與……一致”;bumpinto“撞上，偶然碰見”。空格處所在句子的句意是：在某種意義上，她們撞上了所謂的“玻璃天花板”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。（4）考察詞組辨析?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵涸谀承┣闆r下，不能獲得高位的原因是經(jīng)驗(yàn)和受教育不夠。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。（5）考察形容詞詞義辨析。intact“完整無(wú)缺的，未受損傷的”；inadequate“不充足的”；incapable“無(wú)能力的”；undesirable“不受歡迎的”。空格處所在句子的句意參考上一題。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。（6）考察固定搭配。genderbias性別偏見。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。（7）考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。elevate“舉起，提升”；acquire“獲得，學(xué)到”；disperse“（使）散開”；overestimate“高估”。空格處所在句子提到女性沒有時(shí)間獲得多年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。（8）考察形容詞詞義辨析。typical“典型的，有代表性的”；peculiar“奇怪的，獨(dú)特的”；exemplary“可效仿的”；indispensable“不可缺少的”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵壕哂卸嗄杲?jīng)驗(yàn)是大多數(shù)高職位者的典型特點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。（9）考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。avoid“避免”；discourage“阻礙，使氣餒”；deprive“使喪失，剝奪”；restrict“限制”。空格處所在句子的句意是：早些年女性被阻礙進(jìn)入工程、科學(xué)、商業(yè)、法院研究院深造。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。（10）考察名詞詞義辨析。pathway“小路”；means“方法，手段”；track“軌道，足跡”；trail“蹤跡”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵哼M(jìn)入工程、科學(xué)、商業(yè)、法院研究院深造是通向公司管理的途徑。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。（11）考察形容詞詞義辨析。underrated“低估的”；underpopulated“人口稀少的”；underprivileged“貧窮的”；underrepresented“未被充分代表的”。空格處所在句子的句意是：甚至當(dāng)那些障礙降低了，女性的水平依然被低估。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。（12）考察動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。breakthrough“突破，突圍”；turndown“拒絕”；makeout“理解”；cutoff“切斷”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵鹤鳛橐粋€(gè)群體，他們還沒有突破障礙，成為首席執(zhí)行官或董事會(huì)主席。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。（13）考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。recognize“承認(rèn)”;verify“核實(shí)，證明”；discern“辨別”；identify“鑒定,識(shí)別”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵涸谝粋€(gè)權(quán)威的研究中，女性執(zhí)行官承認(rèn)面臨三種壓力。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。（14）考察名詞詞義辨析。rate“速度、進(jìn)度”；pace“速度，（喻）工作節(jié)奏快”；velocity“速度，速率”；step“—步的距離”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵喝N壓力之一就是常務(wù)工作的快節(jié)奏。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。（15）考察形容詞詞義辨析。pioneering“先驅(qū)的，開創(chuàng)的”；prevailing“盛行很廣的”；preliminary“初步的，預(yù)備的，開始的”；preceding“在前的，在先的”。空格處所在句子的句意是：作為首位女執(zhí)行官的開創(chuàng)角色，她們需要向別人證明自己。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。（16）考察名詞詞義辨析。chore“討厭的工作,瑣事”；obligation“義務(wù)，責(zé)任”;responsibility“責(zé)任，職責(zé)”；challenge“挑戰(zhàn)”。空格處所在句子的句意是：家庭瑣事的壓力。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。（17）考察形容詞詞義辨析。Indifferent“漠不關(guān)心的”；noticeable“顯而易見的，顯著的”；traceable“可追蹤的，起源于”；distinguishable“可區(qū)別的,可辨別的”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵哼@些女性管理者除了要面對(duì)男性管理者同樣面臨的工作外，還要面臨兩個(gè)出于她們?cè)谏鐣?huì)習(xí)慣性角色的額外要求。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。（18）考察形容詞詞義辨析。disproportionate“不成比例的”；irregular“不規(guī)則的”；inappropriate“不適當(dāng)?shù)摹保籭ndecent“下流的”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵号员饶行猿袚?dān)的家庭責(zé)任要多。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。（19）考察名詞詞義辨析。brake“剎車；阻礙”；spur“刺激”；frustration“挫敗”；malfunction“故障”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵哼@些心理上和社會(huì)上的阻礙會(huì)抑制技術(shù)嫻熟和敬業(yè)的管理者。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。（20）考察固定搭配。ataminimum在最低限度。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。3.【答案】第1題:A第2題:A第3題:C第4題:A第5題:D【解析】1.考察判斷推理。文章第一二句Ihavefoundthattheeffectofcomicbookstobefirstofallanti-educational.Theyinterferewitheducationinthelargersense.提到作者認(rèn)為連環(huán)漫畫冊(cè)是反教育的，在很大程度上干擾了教育。教育受阻礙，社會(huì)發(fā)展肯定會(huì)被阻礙。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。2.考察詞義。文章第一段第三句Forchildren,educationisnotmerelyaquestionoflearning,butisapartofmentalhealth提到對(duì)于孩子來(lái)說，教育不僅僅是學(xué)習(xí)的問題，而是精神健康的一部分。question與matter是近義詞，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。3.考察判斷推理。文章第二段第一句Tomakeasharpdistinctionbetweenentertainmentandlearningispoorpedagogy,andevenworsepsychology.提到把娛樂和學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)分開來(lái)是錯(cuò)誤的教學(xué)方式，更是糟糕的心理學(xué)教育。由此可以看出作者認(rèn)為娛樂與教育是密不可分的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。4.判斷推理題。文章第二段第四句Childrenspendanenormousamountoftimeoncomicbooks,buttheirgainisnil提到孩子們花費(fèi)大量時(shí)間在漫畫連環(huán)冊(cè)上，但是沒有從中學(xué)習(xí)到任何東西。作者接下來(lái)用了三個(gè)以“they”開頭的句子來(lái)說明現(xiàn)在的孩子對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)方法不感興趣：他們不學(xué)習(xí)怎樣去閱讀嚴(yán)肅的書籍或者雜志；他們并不能從Western這部電影中真正了解西部人；他們也沒有學(xué)習(xí)到關(guān)于性別、愛情或者生活的知識(shí)（Theydonotlearnhowtoreadaseriousbookormagazine.TheydonotgainatruepictureoftheWestfromthe“Westerns.”Theydonotlearnaboutanynormalaspectsofsex,love,orlife）。選項(xiàng)A符合題意，作者對(duì)此感到惋惜。5.考察觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。作者在文章中有理有據(jù)，通過各種事實(shí)來(lái)分析漫畫連環(huán)冊(cè)對(duì)教育的干。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。facetious“詼諧的”；severe“嚴(yán)峻的”；sarcastic“諷刺的”；analytical“分析的”。4.【答案】C【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。fiction“小說，虛構(gòu)”；function“作用，功能”；fraction“小部分”；friction“摩擦”。句意：我們僅僅感受到偶然落入我們感覺器官的光和聲音的小部分，大部分已經(jīng)與我們擦肩而過。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。5.【答案】B【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。crotchety“有怪想的”；opaque“不透明的”；inductive“感應(yīng)的；誘導(dǎo)的”；incongruous“不協(xié)調(diào)的，不一致的”。句意：我想放一些不透明的東西到窗戶上，這樣就沒人能看見我了。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。6.【答案】C【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。foster“培養(yǎng)，促進(jìn)”；coach“訓(xùn)練，指導(dǎo)”；forsake意為“遺棄，拋棄”;censor意為“審查，檢查”。句意：最重要的是，這樣的經(jīng)歷能促使人們對(duì)其他文化的感受性，并使他們更欣賞自己的文化。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。7.【答案】A【解析】考察固定搭配。presideover“主持”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。8.【答案】C【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。discount“打折扣”；acquit“無(wú)罪釋放”；cherish“珍惜”；blur“使……模糊不清”。句意：?jiǎn)讨味卮髮W(xué)暑期班是個(gè)