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2023年考研考博考博英語(yǔ)大連理工大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考試題專(zhuān)家版答案(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Therearemanyarguments()smokinginpublicplaces.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.forB.fromC.againstD.towards2.單選題Physicsisthepresent-dayequivalentof(

)usedtobepallednaturalphilosophy,fromwhichmostofthepresent-daysciencearose.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.thatB.allC.whichD.what3.單選題AndrewCarnegie,Americanindustrialistandphilanthropist,madeafortunebymanufacturingironandsteelprotectedbycustomtariff.In1873,ononeofhisfrequenttripstoEngland,hemetHenryBessemerandbecameconvincedthattheindustrialfuturelayinsteel.HebuilttheJ.EdgarThomsonsteelMillspearPittsburgh,andfromthatmomenton,theCarnegieEmpirewasoneofconstantexpansion.Lateron,theCarnegieSteelCo.becameanimmenseorganization.ItincludedalltheprocessofsteelproductionfromthegreatfurnacesandfinishingmillsofPittsburghtotheinroadsandlakesteamersthatmovetheoresandthefinishproducts.Likehisgrandfather,AndrewCarnegiedidnotabandontheradicalidealismofhisforebearsforthebenefitoftheworkingclass.InspiteofhisespousalofHerbertSpencerphilosophyandthesocialDarwinismoftheperiod,CarnegieremaineddeeplycommittedtomanyoftheChartistsidealsofhisboyhood.Hebelievedinthesocialresponsibilityofthemanofwealthtosociety.Hemustsaveasastewardforthefortune;hehasearnedandusedthatfortunetoprovidegreatopportunityforallandtoincreaseman’sknowledgeofhimselfandofhisuniverse.Furthermore,Carnegiebeintheformoffreecharitybutrathermustbeasabuttresstothecommunity’sresponsibilityforitsownpeople.WhenCarnegiediedinLenox,Mass,onAugust11,1919,mostofhisfortunewasalreadygone.PeoplewonderthatifCarnegiehadknownthiswhenhewasalive,hewouldhavespreadmostofhiswealthtothepoorpeople.1.Carnegiewasabletodevelophisvastindustrialfortunes(

).2.Carnegiefollowinghisancestor’sfootsteps(

).3.TheindustryCarnegiewasnotconcernedwithwas(

).4.Carnegie’stripstoEngland(

).5.Whichhappenedfirst?6.AndrewCarnegie’sPhilanthropicideals(

).問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.withtheactoffiveenterprisesystemB.throughlargeloansfromtheAmericangovernmentC.becausetheAmericangovernmenthadspecialtariffstoprotecttheAmericansteelandironindustryD.becausehehadrelativesintheEnglishandindustry問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.bydevelopingalargeindustrialcompanyB.incaringforandimprovingbenefitsfortheworkerandthepoorC.byfurtheringSpencer’sphilosophyD.bybeingafollowerofsocialDarwinism問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.themanufacturingofsteelB.thetransportingofthefinishedproductC.themovementofrawmaterialsD.thelumberbusiness問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.werepurelyforpleasureandvisitingrelativesB.introducedhimtotheCharitistidealswhichwouldinfluencehislifeC.helpedhimgainsteelcontractswithBritishindustrialistsD.ledhimtobelievethattheindustrialfuturewouldbewithsteel問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.ThefoundationoftheCarnegieSteelCo.B.TheintroductionofChartistidealsC.ThefoundationoftheJ.EdgarThomsonSteelmillsD.AndrewCarnegie’stripstoGreatBritain問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)A.developedfromhisintroductiontosocialDarwinismB.developedthroughhiseducationunderSpencerC.developedformtheCharitistidealsofhisboyhoodD.resultedfromunionstrikesandunrestattheCarnegieSteelCompany4.單選題Itisthroughlearningthattheindividual(

manyhabitualwaysofreactingtosituations.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.retainsB.gainsC.achievesD.acquired5.單選題Theyoungheiresswasso(

)thatshegaveallhermoneyawayinacoupleofyears.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.generousB.indulgentC.patrioticD.ambitious6.單選題Outof(

)revenge,hedidhisworsttoblackenhercharacterandruinherreputation.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.perfectB.totalC.sheerD.integral7.翻譯題大米的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值同土豆的差不多,但在常溫下保存的更久。上大學(xué)并不一定是每個(gè)人的恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x擇,更不是唯一的選擇。僅碳?xì)鋬煞N元素就能構(gòu)成成千上萬(wàn)種化合物,其原因是碳?xì)涞姆肿涌梢砸圆煌姆绞竭M(jìn)行連接。所有這些都促使學(xué)生獨(dú)立認(rèn)真地學(xué)習(xí),促使他們學(xué)會(huì)如何發(fā)現(xiàn)利用大學(xué)的資源。經(jīng)濟(jì)水平比較低的情況下,它反而會(huì)給現(xiàn)代政府在提供食物,就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)等方面增加巨大的負(fù)擔(dān)。8.單選題ThereisnoeasysolutiontoJapan’slabor(

).問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.declineB.vacancyC.rarityD.shortage9.單選題Tom(

)betterthantoaskDickforhelp.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.shallknowB.shouldn'tknowC.hasknownD.shouldhaveknown10.單選題

Thetelevision()

betweenthetwocandidateswillbeheldonSunday.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.argumentB.debateC.discussionD.dispute11.單選題“Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhenthey’re18,andthetruthisfarfromthatsayssociologistLarryBumpassoftheUniversityofWisconsin.Todayunexpectednumbersofyoungadultsarelivingwiththeirparents.“Thereisamajorshiftinthemiddleclass,”declaressociologistAllanSchnaibergofNorthwesternUniversity,whoseson,19,movedbackinafteranabsenceofeightmouths.Analystsciteavarietyofreasonsforthisreturntothenest.Themarriageageisrising,conditionthatmakeshomeanditspleasantnessparticularlyattractivetoyoungpeople.Ahighdivorcerateandadecliningremarriageratearesendingeconomicallypressedandemotionallyhurtsurvivorsbacktoparentalshelters.Forsome,theexpenseofanaway-from-homecollegeeducationhasbecomesoexcessivelygreatthatmanystudentsnowattendlocalschools.Evenaftergraduation,youngpeoplefindtheirwingsclippedbyskyrocketinghousingcosts.Livingathome,saysKinghton,aschoolteacher,continuestogivehersecurityandmoralsupport.Hermotheragreed,“It’sridiculousforthekidstopayallthatmoneyforrent.Itmakesenseforkidstostayathome.”Butsharingthefamilyhomerequiresadjustmentsforall.Theyarethehasslesoverbathrooms,telephonesandprivacy.Somefamilieshowever,managethedelicatebalancingact.Butforothers,itprovestoodifficult.MichelleDelTurco,24,hasbeenhomethreetimes-andleftthreetimes.“WhatIconsideredasocialdrink,mydadconsideredanalcoholProblem,”sheexplains.“HeneverlikedanyoneIdated,soeitherhadtohideawayormeetthematfriends9house.”Justhowlongshouldadultchildrenlivewiththeirparentsbeforemovingon?Mostpsychologistsfeellengthyhomecomingsareamistake.Childrenstrugglingtoestablishseparateidentities,canendupwith“asenseofinadequacy,defeatandfailure.”Andagingparents,whoshouldbeenjoyingsomefinancialandpersonalfreedomthemselvesstuckresponsibilities.Manyagreethatbriefvisits,however,canworkbeneficially.1.Accordingtotheauthor,therewasonceatrendintheU.S.(

).2.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotaccountforyoungadultsreturningtothenest(

).3.Oneofthedisadvantagesofyoungadultsreturningtostaywiththeirparentsisthat(

)4.Theword“hassles”inthepassage(Para3.Line4)probablymeans(

).5.Accordingtothepassagewhatisthebestforbothparentsandchildren?問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.foryoungadultstoleavetheirparentscanliveindependentlyB.formiddleclassyoungadultstostaywiththeirparentsC.formarriedyoungadultstomovebackhomeafteralengthyabsenceD.foryoungadultstogetjobsnearbyinordertolivewiththeirparents.問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.YoungadultsfindhousingcoststoohighB.YoungadultsarepsychologicallyandintellectuallyimmatureC.Youngadultsseekparentalcomfortandmoralsupport.D.Quiteanumberofyoungadultsattendlocalschools問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.therewillinevitablybeinconveniencesineverydaylifeB.mostparentsfinditdifficulttokeepabiggerfamilygoingC.theyoungadultstendtotheoverprotectedbytheirparentsD.publicopinionisagainstyoungadultsstayingwiththeirparents問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.agreementsB.worriesC.disadvantagesD.quarrels問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.Theyshouldadjustthemselvestosharingthefamilyexpense.B.Childrenshouldleavetheirparentswhentheyaregrownup.C.Adultchildrenshouldvisittheirparentsfromtimetotime.D.Parentsshouldsupporttheiradultchildrenwhentheyareintrouble.12.單選題Amost(

)argumentaboutwhoshouldgoandfetchthebreadfromthekitchenwasgoingonwhenIcamein.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.trivialB.delicateC.minorD.miniature13.單選題

Thedirectionwereso()thatitwasimpossibletocompletetheassignment.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.ingeniousB.ambitiousC.notoriousD.ambiguous14.單選題Thepoliticalfutureofthepresidentisnowhangingbya(

).問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.threadB.cordC.stringD.rope15.單選題Thegovernment’s()istomakeupchieflyofthemoneywepayintaxes.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.tariffB.dutyC.revenueD.tax16.單選題Waterentersintoagreatvarietyofchemicalreactions,(

)havebeenmentionedinpreviouspages.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.afewofitB.afewofthatC.afewofthemD.afewofwhich17.單選題Itisacuriousparadoxthatwethinkofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”,thesocialsciencesas“soft”,andthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Thisisinterpretedtomeanthatourknowledgeofphysicalsystemismorecertainthanourknowledgeofbiologicalsystems,andtheseinturnaremorecertainthanourknowledgeofsocialsystems.Intermsofourcapacityofsampletherelevantuniverses,however,andtheprobabilitythatourimagesoftheseuniversesareatleastapproximatelycorrect,onesuspectsthatareverseorderismorereasonable.Weareabletosampleearth’ssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigated.Ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries.Eventhefolkknowledgeinsocialsystemsonwhichordinarylifeisbasedinearning,spending,organizing,marrying,takingpartinpoliticalactivities,fightingandsoon,isnotverydissimilarfromthemoresophisticatedimagesofthesocialsystemderivedfromthesocialsciences,eventhoughitisbuiltupontheveryimperfectsamplesofpersonalexperience.Incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,orevenifearth’sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionarychangesasnewdatacomeinandnewtheoriesareworkedout.Ifwedefinethe“security”ofourimageofvariouspartsofthetotalsystemastheprobabilityoftheirsufferingsignificantchanges,thenwewouldreversetheorderforhardnessandasthemostsecure,thephysicalsciencesastheleastsecure,andagainthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialrecordsofbiologicalsystems.Recordsoftheastronomicaluniverse,despitethefactthatwelearntthingsastheywerelongage,arelimitedintheextreme.Eveninregardtosuchacloseneighborasthemoon,whichwehaveactuallyvisited,theoriesaboutitsoriginandhistoryareextremelydifferent,contradictory,andhardtochooseamong.Ourknowledgeofphysicalevolutionisincompleteandinsecure.1.Theword“paradox”(Line1,Para.1)means“(

)”2.Accordingtotheauthor,weshouldreverseourclassificationofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”andthesocialsciencesas“soft”because(

).3.Theauthorbelievesthatourknowledgeofsocialsystemsismoresecurethanthatofphysicalsystemsbecause(

4.Thechancesofthephysicalsciencesbeingsubjecttogreatchangesarethebiggestbecause(

.5.Weknowlessabouttheastronomicaluniversethanwedoaboutanysocialsystembecause(

.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.implicationB.contradictionC.interpretationD.confusion問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.areverseorderingwillhelppromotethedevelopmentofthephysicalsciences.B.ourknowledgeofphysicalsystemsismorereliablethanthatofsocialsystems.C.ourunderstandingofthesocialsystemsisapproximatelycorrect.D.wearebetterabletoinvestigatesocialphenomenathanphysicalphenomena.問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.itisnotbasedonpersonalexperience.B.newdiscoveriesarelesslikelytooccurinsocialsciences.C.itisbasedonafairlyrepresentativequantityofdata.D.therecordsofsocialsystemsaremorereliable.問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.contradictorytheorieskeepemergingallthetime.B.newinformationisconstantlycomingin.C.thedirectionoftheirdevelopmentisdifficulttopredict.D.ourknowledgeofthephysicalworldisinaccurate.問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.theoriesofitsoriginandhistoryarevaried.B.ourknowledgeofitishighlyinsecure.C.onlyaverysmallsampleofithasbeenobserved.D.fewscientistsareinvolvedinthestudyofastronomy18.單選題Thepresidentialcandidate(

)hispositionbywinningseveralprimaryelections.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.consolidatedB.intensifiedC.enforcedD.enriched19.單選題Itonlytakesa()ofasecondforthecomputertodothecalculationwhichahumanwillspenddaystodo.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.fictionB.reductionC.functionD.fraction20.單選題AsDr.SamuelJohnsonsaidinadifferenteraaboutladiespreaching,thesurprisingthingaboutcomputersisnotthattheythinklesswellthanaman,butthattheythinkatall.Theearlyelectroniccomputerdidnothavemuchgoingforitexceptamarvelousmemoryandsomegoodmathskills.Buttodaythebestmodelscanbewireduptolearnbyexperience,followanargument,askproperquestionsandwritepoetryandmusic.Theycanalsocarryonsomewhatpuzzlingconversations.Computersimitatelife.Ascomputersgetmorecomplex,theimitationgetsbetter.Finally,thelinebetweentheoriginalandthecopybecomesunclear.Inanother15yearsorso,wewillseethecomputerasanewformoflife.Theopinionseemsridiculousbecause,foronething,computerslackthedrivesandemotionsoflivingcreatures.Butdrivescanbeprogrammedintothecomputer’sbrainjustasnatureprogrammedthemintoourhumanbrainsaspartoftheequipmentforsurvival.Computersmatchpeopleinsomeroles,andwhenfastdecisionsareneededinacrisis,theyoftensurpassthem.Havingevolvedwhenthepaceoflifewasslower,thehumanbrainhasaninherentdefectthatpreventsitfromabsorbingseveralstreamsofinformationsimultaneouslyandactingonthemquickly.Throwtoomanythingsatthebrainatonetimeanditfreezesup.Wearestillincontrol,butthecapabilitiesofcomputersareincreasingatafantasticrate,whilerawhumanintelligenceischangingslowly,ifasall.Computerpowerhasincreasedtentimeseveryeightyearssince1946.Inthe1990,whenthesixthgenerationappears,thereasoningpowerofanintelligencebuiltoutofsiliconwillbegintomatchthatofthehumanbrain.Thatdoesnotmeantheevolutionofintelligencehasendedontheearth.Judgingbythepast,wecanexpectthatanewspecieswillariseoutofman,surpassinghisachievementsashehassurpassedthoseofhispredecessor.Onlyacarbonchemistryenthusiastwouldassumethatthenewspeciesmustbeman’sflesh-and-blooddescendants.Thenewkindofintelligentlifeismorelikelytobemadeofsilicon.1.WhatdoyousupposewastheattitudeofDr.SamuelJohnsontowardsladiespreaching?2.Today,computersarestillinferiortomanintermsof(

).3.Intermsofmakingquickdecisions,thehumanbraincannotbecomparedwiththecomputerbecause(

).4.Thoughhethinkshighlyofthedevelopmentofcomputerscience,theauthordoesn’tmeanthat(

).5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsinTRUE?問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.Hebelievedthatladieswerebornworsepreachersthanmen.B.Hewaspleasedthatladiescouldpreach,thoughnotaswellasmen.C.Hedisapprovedofladiespreaching.D.Heencouragedladiestopreach問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.decisionmakingB.drivesandfeelingsC.growthofreasoningpowerD.informationabsorption問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.inthelongprocessofevolutiontheslowpaceoflifedidn’trequiresuchabilityofthehumanbrain.B.thehumanbrainisinfluencedbyotherfactorssuchasmotivationandemotionC.thehumanbrainmaysometimesfreezeupinadangeroussituationD.computersimitatelifewhilethehumanbraindoesnotimitatecomputers/問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.computersarelikelytobecomeanewformofintelligentlife.B.humanbeingshavelostcontrolofcomputers.C.theintelligenceofcomputerswilleventuallysurpassthatofhumanbeings.D.theevolutionofintelligencewillprobablydependonthatofelectronicbrains.問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.Futuremanwillbemadeofsiliconinsteadoffleshandblood.B.Somedayitwillbedifficulttotellacomputerfromaman.C.ThereasoningpowerofcomputershasalreadysurpassedthatofmanD.Futureintelligentlifemaynotnecessarilybemadeoforganicmatter.第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】A【解析】考查介詞辨析。句意:許多人反對(duì)在公共場(chǎng)所吸煙。2.【答案】D【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。空格所在處的詞是引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句,所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。句意:物理學(xué)以前被稱(chēng)為是自然哲學(xué)的同等物,從中出現(xiàn)了如今大部分的科學(xué)。3.【答案】第1題:C第2題:B第3題:D第4題:D第5題:B第6題:B【解析】1.文章第一段第一句AndrewCarnegie,Americanindustrialistandphilanthropist,madeafortunebymanufacturingironandsteelprotectedbycustomtariff.提到安德魯?shù)牡谝煌敖鹗且驗(yàn)殇撹F產(chǎn)業(yè)受到政府的關(guān)稅保護(hù),所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。2.文章第二段第一句Likehisgrandfather,AndrewCarnegiedidnotabandontheradicalidealismofhisforebearsforthebenefitoftheworkingclass提到安德魯沒(méi)有擯棄祖先留下激進(jìn)的理想主義信念,夢(mèng)想讓工人階級(jí)能從中獲利。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。3.第一段最后一句ItincludedalltheprocessofsteelproductionfromthegreatfurnacesandfinishingmillsofPittsburghtotheinroadsandlakesteamersthatmovetheoresandthefinishproducts提到了卡內(nèi)基帝國(guó)所涉及的一些業(yè)務(wù),可知并沒(méi)有涉及木材生意。所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。4.文章第一段ononeofhisfrequenttripstoEngland,hemetHenryBessemerandbecameconvincedthattheindustrialfuturelayinsteel提到這次旅行讓他相信未來(lái)的工業(yè)重心是鋼鐵業(yè),因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。5.文章第二段CarnegieremaineddeeplycommittedtomanyoftheChartistsidealsofhisboyhood提到致力于成為慈善家的想法是卡內(nèi)基從小男孩時(shí)代就有的,所以這個(gè)是發(fā)生地最早的事,選項(xiàng)B符合題意。6.文章第二段inspiteofhisespousalofHerbertSpencerphilosophyandthesocialDarwinismoftheperiod,CarnegieremaineddeeplycommittedtomanyoftheChartistsidealsofhisboyhood提到由于從小受斯賓塞哲學(xué)和達(dá)爾文主義的影響,卡內(nèi)基從小就有著仁慈的心腸。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。4.【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。retain“保持”;gain“獲得”,指通過(guò)努力獲得自己想要的東西;achieve“收獲,獲得”,指憑借長(zhǎng)期的努力實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo);acquire“獲得”,指通過(guò)努力逐步獲得才能、知識(shí)、習(xí)慣等。通過(guò)分析,選項(xiàng)D符合題意。5.【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。generous“慷慨的,大方的”;indulgent“放縱的,寬容的”;patriotic“愛(ài)國(guó)的”;ambitious“野心勃勃的”。句意:年輕的女繼承人如此慷慨,以至于幾年內(nèi)就把所有的錢(qián)送給了別人。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。6.【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。Perfect“完美的”;total“全部的”;sheer“絕對(duì)的;純粹的”;integral“完整的”。句意:純粹是出于報(bào)復(fù),他拼命詆毀她的人品,毀壞她的名譽(yù)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。7.【答案】Thenutritionalvalueofricealmostequalsthatofthepotato.However,itcanbestoredatroomtemperatureforlonger.Goingtocollegeisnottherightchoiceforeveryone,northeonlyoptionatall.Onlytwoelementsofhydrocarboncanformthousandscompounds.Thereasonisthattheirmoleculescanbeconnectedindifferentways.Allofthesearetourgestudentstostudyindependentlyandindustriouslylearnhowtousetheuniversityresources.Underthecircumstanceofloweconomiclevel,itwouldincreasethepressureoffoodprovisionandemploymentopportunities.8.【答案】D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。decline“下降”;vacancy“空缺,空白”;rarity“罕見(jiàn);珍品”;shortage“缺少”。句意:日本勞動(dòng)力不足的問(wèn)題很難解決。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。9.【答案】D【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。shouldhave“本該”,表示本應(yīng)該做,實(shí)際上沒(méi)做,用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意:湯姆早就該知道不能去找迪克幫忙。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。10.【答案】B【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。argument“論證,論據(jù)”;debate“辯論,爭(zhēng)論”;discussion“討論”;dispute“爭(zhēng)吵”。句意:兩位候選人的電視辯論將在周日舉行。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。11.【答案】第1題:A第2題:B第3題:A第4題:D第5題:C【解析】1.文章第一段提到以前有一種錯(cuò)誤的觀(guān)點(diǎn):孩子到了18歲就應(yīng)該離家獨(dú)立;有社會(huì)學(xué)家稱(chēng)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)中這一觀(guān)念有著重大的轉(zhuǎn)變。由此可知,在以前的美國(guó)社會(huì)中,大多數(shù)成年的子女都會(huì)離開(kāi)家庭獨(dú)立生活,所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。2.文章第二段提及年輕成年人返回家的原因:結(jié)婚年齡上升;離婚率上升和再婚率下降,使得情感受挫以及經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力大的人重新尋求父母的庇護(hù);去離家遠(yuǎn)的大學(xué)上學(xué)花費(fèi)大,所以很多人都選擇當(dāng)?shù)氐拇髮W(xué)。選項(xiàng)A、C、D都在文章中提到了,所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。3.文章第三段提到年輕人與父母居住會(huì)造成生活上的一些不便,比如洗手間,電話(huà)和隱私的爭(zhēng)議等等,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。4.hassles所在的句子:Therearethehasslesoverbathrooms,telephonesandprivacy.由前后問(wèn)可知,這里講述的是年輕人與父母居住造成生活中的一些不便,所以hassles在這里有“爭(zhēng)論,爭(zhēng)吵”的意思,比如關(guān)于洗手間、電話(huà)和隱私的爭(zhēng)執(zhí)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。5.文章最后一段指出大多數(shù)心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為成年子女與父母一起生活對(duì)雙方都不好:子女本來(lái)想自我獨(dú)立,卻被挫??;父母本應(yīng)該享受經(jīng)濟(jì)和個(gè)人自由,卻又被責(zé)任束縛。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。12.【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。trivial“不重要的,瑣碎的”;delicate“微妙的,精美的”;minor“次要的,較小的”;miniature“微型的,小規(guī)模的”。句意:當(dāng)我進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候,一場(chǎng)極瑣碎的就誰(shuí)應(yīng)該去雞的面前撿回面包的爭(zhēng)吵正在進(jìn)行。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。13.【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。ingenious“有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的”;ambitious“有野心的”;notorious“臭名昭著的”;ambiguous“模糊不清的”。句意:指示太模糊了,不可能完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。14.【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。hangbyathread“千鈞一發(fā)”。句意:總統(tǒng)的政治未來(lái)現(xiàn)在正處在千鈞一發(fā)的時(shí)刻。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。15.【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。tariff“關(guān)稅”;duty“稅收”;revenue“稅收收入”;tax“稅金”。句意:政府的財(cái)政收入主要來(lái)源于我們的稅收。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。16.【答案】D【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句的用法。此處為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是chemicalreactions,所以應(yīng)該用which引導(dǎo)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。17.【答案】第1題:B第2題:D第3題:B第4題:B第5題:C【解析】1.paradox“矛盾,悖論”。implication“含義”;contradiction“矛盾,否認(rèn)”;interpretation“解釋”;confusion“混淆”。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。2.文章第二段第一句話(huà)weareabletosampleearth’ssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigated提到我們能夠在調(diào)查地球的社會(huì)體系時(shí)自信地認(rèn)為我們有整個(gè)領(lǐng)域作為合理的樣本供研究;該段倒數(shù)第二句話(huà)ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialrecordsofbiologicalsystems提到我們對(duì)于天文領(lǐng)域的研究是最不靠譜的,因?yàn)槲覀冇^(guān)察的是一個(gè)不切實(shí)際的小樣本。從這兩句話(huà)可知,研究社會(huì)知識(shí)的樣本比研究天文知識(shí)的樣本要大并且實(shí)際,所以我們能更好地去研究社會(huì)現(xiàn)象,選項(xiàng)D符合題意。3.文章第二段第二句ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries提到在社會(huì)體系中,它不太可能被新的發(fā)現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重顛覆。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。4.文章第二段incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,orevenifearth’sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionarychangesasnewdatacomeinandnewtheoriesareworkedout提到我們對(duì)于天文宇宙或者地球的地理歷史的概念,當(dāng)新的數(shù)據(jù)和理論進(jìn)入時(shí)都很容易遭受革命性的變化,選項(xiàng)B符合題意。5.文章第二段ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialrecordsofbiologicalsystems提到我們對(duì)于天文領(lǐng)域的研究是最不靠譜的,因?yàn)槲覀冇^(guān)察的是一個(gè)不切實(shí)際的小樣本。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。18.【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。consolidate“鞏固’;intensify“使加強(qiáng)”;enforce“實(shí)施”;enrich“使充實(shí)”。句意:這位總統(tǒng)候選人贏得了最初的機(jī)場(chǎng)選舉從而鞏固了自己的地位。19.【答案】D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fiction“小說(shuō)”;reduction“減少,下降”;function“功能”;fraction“小部分”。句意:電腦只需要一會(huì)就完成了人類(lèi)需要幾天才能完成的運(yùn)算。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。20.【答案】第1題:B第2題:B第3題:A第4題:B第5題:D【解析】1.文章第一句asDr.SamuelJohnsonsaidinadifferenteraaboutladiespreaching,thesurprisingthingaboutcomputersisnotthattheythinklesswellthanaman,butthattheythinkatall提到關(guān)于電腦最讓人驚訝的不是它們沒(méi)有人類(lèi)擅長(zhǎng)思考,而是它們竟然可以思考,就如同Samuel博士對(duì)于女人布道的看法一樣,他認(rèn)為讓人驚訝的是女人能布道。選項(xiàng)B符合題意,他為女人能布道感到開(kāi)心,雖然沒(méi)有男人好。2.文章第三段theopinionseemsridiculousbecause,foronething,computerslackthedrivesandemotionsoflivingcreatures提到電腦缺乏人類(lèi)的動(dòng)力和情感。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。3.文章第四段havingevolvedwhenthepaceoflifewasslower,thehumanbrainhasaninherentdefect提到在生活節(jié)奏緩慢的情況下,人類(lèi)的大腦有一個(gè)固有的缺點(diǎn),選項(xiàng)A符合題意。4.文章倒數(shù)第二段thereasoningpowerofanintelligencebuiltoutofsiliconwillbegintomatchthatofthehumanbrain提到由硅做出來(lái)的人工智能的推理能力將會(huì)追上人腦,由此可知計(jì)算機(jī)最終會(huì)擁有和人一樣的推理能力,成為新的智能生命形式,選項(xiàng)A排除;作者在最后一段中提及計(jì)算機(jī)將超越人類(lèi)的成就(anewspecieswillariseoutofman,surpassinghisachievements),并且提到智力的進(jìn)化不會(huì)停止,因?yàn)槿祟?lèi)將創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)新的智力物種(newspecies)選項(xiàng)C、D排除。所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。5.文章最后一段最后一句話(huà)thenewkindofintelligentlifeismorelikelytobemadeofsilicon提到這種新的智能生命體更可能由硅組成,可知不是必須由有機(jī)物構(gòu)成這個(gè)說(shuō)法是對(duì)的,選項(xiàng)D符合題意。第2卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Somepeoplethinkthata(

)translation,orword-for-wordtranslation,iseasierthanafreetranslation.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.literalB.literaryC.liberalD.linear2.單選題"Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhenthey're18,andthetruthisfarfromthat,"sayssociologistLarryBumpassoftheUniversityofWisconsin.Today,unexpectednumbersofyoungadultsarelivingwiththeirparents."Thereisamajorshiftinthemiddleclass,"declaressociologistAllanSchnaibergofNorthwesternUniversity,whoseson,19,movedbackinafteranabsenceofeightmonths.Analystsciteavarietyofreasonsforthisreturntothenext.Themarriageageisrising,aconditionthatmakeshomeanditspleasantnessparticularlyattractivetoyoungpeople.Ahighdivorcerateandadecliningremarriageratearesendingeconomicallypressedandemotionallyhurtsurvivorsbacktoparentalshelters.Forsome,theexpenseofanaway-from-homecollegeeducationhasbecomesoexcessivelygreatthatmanystudentsnowattendlocalschools.Evenaftergraduation,youngpeoplefindtheirwingsclippedbyskyrocketinghousingcosts.Livingathome,saysKnighton,aschoolteacher,continuestogivehersecurityandmoralsupport.Hermotheragreed,"It*sridiculousforthekidstopayallthatmoneyforrent.Itmakessenseforkidstostayathome.’’Butsharingthefamilyhomerequiresadjustmentsforall.Therearethehasslesoverbathrooms,telephonesandprivacy.Somefamilies,however,managethedelicatebalancingact.Butforothers,itprovestoodifficult.MichelleDelTurco,24,hasbeenhomethreetimes-andleftthreetimes."WhatIconsideredasocialdrink,mydadconsideredanalcoholproblem/'sheexplains.’’HeneverlikedanyoneIdated,soIeitherhadtohideawayormeetthematfriends’houses."Justhowlongshouldadultchildrenlivewiththeirparentsbeforemovingon?Mostpsychologistsfeellengthyhomecomingsareamistake.Children,strugglingtoestablishseparateidentities,canendupwith"asenseofinadequacy,defeatandfailure.”Andagingparents,whoshouldbeenjoyingsomefinancialandpersonalfreedom,findthemselvesstuckwithresponsibilities.Manyagreethatbriefvisits,however,canworkbeneficially.1.Accordingtotheauthor,therewasonceatrendintheU.S.(

).2.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotaccountforyoungadultsreturningtothenest?3.Oneofthedisadvantagesofyoungadultsreturningtostaywiththeirparentsisthat4.Theword“hassles”inthepassage(Line3,Para.3)probablymeans(

).5.Accordingtothepassagewhatisthebestforbothparentsandchildren?問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.foryoungadultstoleavetheirparentsandliveindependentlyB.formiddleclassyoungadultstostaywiththeirparentsC.formarriedyoungadultstomovebackhomeafteralengthyabsenceD.foryoungadultstogetjobsnearbyinordertolivewiththeirparents問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.Youngadultsfindhousingcoststoohigh.B.Youngadultsarepsychologicallyandintellectuallyimmature.C.Youngadultsseekparentalcomfortandmoralsupport.D.Quiteanumberofyoungadultsattendlocalschools.問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.therewillinevitablybeinconveniencesineverydaylifeB.mostparentsfinditdifficulttokeepC.theyoungadultstendtobeoverprotectedbytheirparentsD.publicopinionisagainstyoungadultsstayingwiththeirparents問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.agreementsB.worriesC.disadvantagesD.quarrels問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.Theyshouldadjustthemselvestosharingthefamilyexpenses.B.Childrenshouldleavetheirparentswhentheyaregrown-up.C.Adultchildrenshouldvisittheirparentsfromtimetotime.D.Parentsshouldsupporttheiradultchildrenwhentheyareintrouble.3.單選題DespiteDenmark'smanifestvirtues,DanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes.ThiswouldsoundweirdinDanish.WhenDanestalktoforeignersaboutDenmark,theyalwaysbeginbycommentingonitstininess,itsunimportance,thedifficultyofitslanguage,thegeneralsmall-mindednessandselfindulgenceoftheircountrymenandthehightaxes.NoDanewouldlookyouintheeyeandsay’’Denmarkisagreatcountry."You’resupposedtofigurethisoutofyourself.Itisthelandofthesilksafetynet,wherealmosthalfthenationalbudgetgoestowardsmoothingoutlife’sinequalities,andthereisplentyofmoneyforschools,daycare,retrainingprograms,jobseminars—Danesloveseminars:t

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