2022-2023學(xué)年山西省太原市古交第十三中學(xué)高三英語聯(lián)考試題含解析

2022-2023學(xué)年山西省太原市古交第十三中學(xué)高三英語聯(lián)考試題含解析一、選擇題1.Todayscientistsdescribetheuniverse______twobasicpartialtheories—thegeneraltheoryofrelativityandquantummechanics(量子理論).A.intermsof

B.inmemoryof

C.infavorof

D.inhonorof參考答案：A【詳解】考查詞組。A.intermsof就---而言；B.inmemoryof為了紀(jì)念---；C.infavorof支持；

D.inhonorof向---表示敬意。句意：今天，科學(xué)家們用兩個基本的部分理論來描述宇宙——廣義相對論和量子力學(xué)。結(jié)合句意可知答案為A。2.Ithinkyou’vegottothepoint

achangeisneeded,otherwiseyou’llfail.A．when

B．which

C．where

D．there參考答案：C3.It’sreallycoldhere.Ihaveneverexperiencedsuchterribleweatherinmy

life.

A．full

B．entire

C．complete

D．total參考答案：B4.Didyoutakeenoughmoneywithyou?—No,Ineeded______IthoughtIwould.

A.nosomuchas

B.asmuchas

C.muchmorethan

D.muchlessthan

參考答案：C5.Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists,____________.A.doctorscametotheirrescue

B.thetallbuildingcollapsedC.anemergencymeasurewastaken

D.warningwasgiventoterrorists參考答案：B略6.On8thAugust,1914,twenty-sevenmen______aship______fortheAntarctic.A.boarding;leaving

B.boarded;leaving

C.wentabroad;left

D.wereonboard;left參考答案：B7.

—WhatshallIdoifIgetlostinastrangetown?

—Askwhoeverisavailableinthestreetforhelp,justasyou

doinyourowntown．

A．should

B．must

C．might

D．will參考答案：C8.-Whydidn'tyoucometoMike'sbirthdaypartyyesterday?

-Well.I_______.butIforgotit.

A.should

B.must

C.shouldhave

D.musthave參考答案：C9.—IgotthatjobIwantedatthepubliclibrary.—___________!That’sgoodnews.A.Goahead B.Cheers C.Congratulations D.Comeon參考答案：C試題分析：考查情景交際及語境理解。根據(jù)語境，對方告訴自己得到了渴望已久的工作。聽話人應(yīng)該表示祝賀。A繼續(xù)，好吧；B加油；C祝賀；D加油。故選C。10.?I’ll_____thesteak.Whatareyouhaving,Linda?

?Anything’sallrightwithme.

A.applyfor

B.waitfor

C.makefor

D.gofor參考答案：D11.—Youlookgreat!Were

youonvacationor

?A.anything

B.nothing

C.everything

D.something參考答案：D考查代詞。orsomething“（不能十分肯定）或是什么；或是做點(diǎn)什么”。12.Bythetimeheleavesuniversity,hewillhavegainedmuchworkingexperience____hetakesapart-timejob.A.solongas

B.unless

C.eventhough

D.incase參考答案：A13.Thelittlegirlshowednoanxietybeforethecompetition.Sheseemed

itprettywell.A.toprepare

B.preparing

C.havingprepared

D.tohaveprepared參考答案：D略14.Ifyouwanttolearnalanguagewell,keepthisinmind:thestrongerthe__________,themorequicklyyouwilllearnit.A.motivation B.maximum C.minimum D.motion參考答案：A15.—WillyoucomeovertoBeijingnextsummer?—I’dliketo,butmyfamily______Londonthatsummer.A.arevisiting

B.aretovisit

C.willbevisiting

D.willvisit參考答案：C【考查方向】考查時態(tài)的用法。句意：---明年夏天你來北京嗎？---我愿意去，但是我的家人那個夏日將正在游覽倫敦。根據(jù)題干中的nextsummer，表示將來某個時間點(diǎn)或者時間段正在進(jìn)行的動作用將來進(jìn)行時。故選C。16.Somemodernteachingequipmentaswellashundredsofbooks

totheruralschools．A.hadbeendonated

B.wasdonated

C.havedonated D.weredonated參考答案：B17.

Oneofthefewthingsyou______sayaboutEnglishpeoplewithcertaintyisthattheytalkalotabouttheweather.

A.need

B.must

C.can

D.should參考答案：C18.Youlookverybeautifulinthisdressandthereisonlyoneofthiskindlefthere.Iwonderifyouwouldbuy______.A.one B.it C.some D.any參考答案：B【詳解】考查代詞的辨析。句意：你穿這條裙子很漂亮，現(xiàn)在只剩下一條了。我想知道你是否會買它。根據(jù)題意，可知這條裙子只有一條了。當(dāng)one前沒有定冠詞時表示泛指，不可選，some和any都是不定代詞，但此處有特定的指向，特指那一條裙子，用it表示特指，故選B。19.Accordingtothelatestresearch,gettingenoughsleepis_____tomaintaininggoodhealthandreducingstress.A.practical

B.contradictory

C .essential

D.alternative參考答案：C二、完型填空20.

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ItwasatleasttwomonthsbeforeChristmaswhennine-year-oldAlmieRosetoldherfatherandmethatshewantedanewbicycle.AsChristmasdrewnearer,her36forabicycleseemedtofade,37sowethought.We38thelatestfashion,Baby-Sitter'sClubdolls,andadollhouse.Then,

muchtoour39,onDecember23rd,shesaidthatshe“reallywantedabikemorethananything

else.”

Itwasjusttoo40,whatwithallthedetailsof41Christmasdinnerandbuyinglast-minutegifts,totakethetimeto42the“rightbike”forourlittlegirl.So,herewewere-ChristmasEvearound9:00p.m.,withRoseandherbrother,Dylan,sittingintheirbeds.Wecouldnowthinkonlyofthebicycle,the43.andbeingparentswhowould44

theirchild.

“45ifImakealittlebicycleoutofclayandwriteanotethatshecould46theclaymodelinforarealbike?”herdadasked.Thetheorybeingthat47thisisanexpensiveitemandsheis“suchabiggirl,”itwouldbemuchbetterforhertopickitout.Sohe48thenextfourhourspainstakinglyworkingwithclayto49atinybike.

OnChristmasmorning,wewere

50

forAlmieRosetoopenthelittleheart-shaped51withthebeautifulredandwhiteclaybikeandthenote.Finally,she52

itandreadthenotealoud.

“Doesthis53thatItradeinthisbikethatDaddymademeforarealone?"Beaming,Isaid"Yes.”

AlmieRosehadtearsinhereyeswhenshereplied,“Icouldnevertradeinthis54bicyclethatDaddymademe.I'drather55thisthangetarealbike.”

Atthatmoment,wewouldhavemovedheavenandearthtobuyhereverybicycleontheplanet!

36.A.imagination

B.taste

C.question

D.desire

37.A.or

B.but

C.thus

D.as

38.A.valued

B.enjoyed

C.purchased

D.tried

39.A.despair

B.surprise

C.delight

D.sorrow

40.A.special

B.urgent

C.difficult

D.late

41.A.preparing

B.serving

C.having

D.ordering42.A.bargain

B.make

C.select

D.compare43.A.excitement

B.sorrow

C.hate

D.guilt44.A.encourage

B.disappoint

C.injure

D.interest45.A.What

B.How

C.Why

D.Where46.A.change

B.turn

C.trade

D.sell47.A.since

B.though

C.unless

D.if48.A.spared

B.saved

C.spent

D.took49.A.choose

B.repair

C.ride

D.create50.A.sad

B.excited

C.confused

D.embarrassed5l.A.note

B.package

C.bag

D.envelop52.A.appreciated

B.rejected

C.opened

D.accepted53.A·mean

B.promise

C.allow

D.predict54.A·false

B.expensive

C.strange

D.charmmng55.A.buy

B.keep

C.admire

D.replace參考答案：36.D。上文提到“shewantedanewbicycle”，即“她的要求、心愿”。所以此處選desire。37.A。此處要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯選擇。上文說“隨著圣誕節(jié)的臨近，她要自行車的愿望似乎逐漸消失了，或者我們是這么想的”。此處是不確定的猜測。38.C。圣誕搶購風(fēng)潮，下文有提示。39.B。本以為“herdesireforabicycleseemedtofade”,當(dāng)女兒說出“reallywantedabikemorethan

anythingelse”，這就讓我們非?！绑@訝”。40.D。這句話的結(jié)構(gòu)是“Itwasjusttoo…totaketimeto…”，因?yàn)闇?zhǔn)備圣誕晚宴，購買最后的禮品，己經(jīng)沒時間挑選自行車了。下文提到“itwouldbemuchbetterforhertopickitout”可以得知此處是“太晚了”。41.A。做飯，“準(zhǔn)備”圣誕大餐。42.C。此處指“沒時間挑選”，而不是“沒時間購買”，下文“itwouldbemuchbetterforhertopick即提示。43.D。因?yàn)闆]能滿足女兒所要圣誕禮物的愿望而感到愧疚。44.B。因?yàn)闆]時間讓女兒選出中意的自行車，擔(dān)心會“使女兒失望”。45.A?！癢hatif…?”為固定搭配，意思是“如果……會怎么樣呢?”。此處指父親的內(nèi)心活動，因無法滿足女兒圣誕禮物的愿望，想辦法彌補(bǔ)。46.C。因?yàn)闆]有時間挑選自行車，計(jì)劃做一個泥自行車，又擔(dān)心女兒不喜歡，所以想寫一個說明“可以用這個泥自行車換一個真自行車”，以此安慰女兒。trade

in交換，經(jīng)營，買賣；抵價購物”之意。47.A。since此處表示原因，意為“既然”。48.C。上文提到的是“設(shè)想”，下文緊接著就是行動。所以花費(fèi)四個小時做自行車模型。49.D。用泥做自行車模型，所以選create，而不是修理、選擇或騎自行車等。50.B。因?yàn)榻o女兒送圣誕禮物，所以等待女兒打開圣誕禮物包裹的心情是激動的。5l.B。包裝圣誕禮物的包裹。不可能把自行車模型放在袋子里或信封里。52.C。打開包裹，open為一般用語。53.A。這意味著可以用模型交換一輛真的自行車嗎?mean“意味著……”。54.D。false“假的”；expensive“昂貴的”；strange“奇怪的”；charming“漂亮迷人的”；選charming對應(yīng)前文的"beautifulred

and

white

claybike”。55.B。前文提到“Icouldnevertradeinthischarmingbicycle”，也就意為著要一直保留著。所以選keep。21.Anadultgiraffe'sheadisaboutsixfeetaboveitsheart.Thismeansthatto41enoughblooduptothebrainthecirculatory42mustbestrongenoughtokeepthebloodatveryhighpressure.Biologistshaveknownforsometimethatgiraffessolvethisproblembyhaving43highbloodpressure,about44thatofhumanbeings.Butaninternationalteamofbiologistsbeganto45aboutthis.Ifgiraffeshavesuchhighbloodpressure,theyshouldhavea46problemwithswellingintheirlegsandfeet.Whydon'tgiraffeshaveswollenfeet?Giraffesshouldhave47problem,too.Everytimetheybendheads48todrink,thebloodshould49totheirheadsandhaveahardtime50backup(whentheheadisdown)totheheart.Howcomegiraffesdon'tblackoutwhentheydrink?Theanswertothe51feetproblem,theresearchersfound,isthatgiraffeshave52theresearcherscalla"naturalanti-gravitysuit".It53outthattheskinandother54intheirlegsandfeetare55stifferandtougherthanthoseofother56.Asaresult,thebloodvesselsinthelegcannotswell.Therefore,thebloodhasnowheretogobutbacktotheheart.Whataboutbloodrushingtothehead57thegiraffebendsdowntodrink?Theresearchersfoundthatthegiraffe'sjugularvein,which58bloodfromtheheadbacktotheheart,haslotsofone-wayvalvesinit.Inthegiraffe'sneck,therearelotsofmusclesthatflexandrelaxrepeatedlyastheanimalmovesitsheadandsucks59drinkingwater.Bysqueezingthevalvedjugularvein,they60bloodmovingbacktotheheartevenwhiletheanimalisdrinking.41.A.bring B.produce C.transfer D.pump42.A.structure B.system C.function D.organism43.A.unusually B.generally C.uncomfortably D.commonly44.A.half B.multiple C.double D.pair45.A.investigate B.wonder C.undertake

D.learn46.A.terrible B.unreliable

C.unsolvable

D.advisable47.A.other B.some

C.others D.another48.A.up B.down C.toward D.aside49.A.crush B.brush

C.push D.rush50.A.following B.returning C.plowing D.pouring51.A.healthy B.swollen C.dreary D.radical52.A.what B.where C.that D.those53.A.reveals

B.indicates C.figures D.turns54.A.tissues

B.vessels C.pores

D.organs55.A.many B.very C.much

D.less56.A.giraffes B.animals C.people D.creatures57.A.whenever B.whatever C.however D.wherever58.A.reflects

B.releases C.receives D.carries59.A.in

B.up C.to D.from60.A.permit

B.prevent C.retain

D.keep參考答案：41-45.DBACB

46-50.ADBDC

51-55.BADAC

56-60.BADBD41.D詞義辨析題。文章第一句就指出，成年長頸鹿的腦袋在心臟以上6英尺高的地方?？崭袼诰渥右馑际牵哼@意味著，要________足夠的血液到大腦，循環(huán)________必須足夠強(qiáng)壯才能保持血液有很強(qiáng)的壓力。pump除了表示“用泵抽”之意，還可以表示“(用泵拉取)注入”，符合句意，所以D正確。42.B詞義辨析題。由空格所在句意可知，空格處是指長頸鹿的循環(huán)系統(tǒng)，所以B正確。43.A詞義辨析題?？崭袼诰湟鉃椋荷飳W(xué)家已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)長頸鹿有________很高的血壓能解決這個問題，由此可知，這個很高的血壓應(yīng)該是與眾不同的，所以A正確。44.C詞義辨析題。根據(jù)空格前面句子意思可知，空格處應(yīng)該是一個表示倍數(shù)的詞。double名詞表示“兩們”，符合句意，所以選C。前面提到長頸鹿的血壓很高，所以排除A;multiple只是指“倍數(shù)，若干”，但是沒有說明是多少倍，所以排除。45.B詞義辨析題?？崭袼诰渥泳涫椎腷ut表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說明句子內(nèi)容與前面提到的內(nèi)容不同，選項(xiàng)中只有wonder一詞可以表達(dá)這種不同，即“一個國際生物學(xué)家小組對此表示懷疑”，所以B正確。46.A詞義辨析題?？崭袼诘木湟鉃椋喝绻L頸鹿的血壓有這么高，那么它們會有________的問題。選項(xiàng)中terrible意為“很糟糕的”，unreliable意為“不可靠的”，unsolvable意為“不能解決的”，advisable意為“可取的”，只有terrible符合句意，所以A正確。47.D詞義辨析題。通讀第三段可知，該段是在講長頸鹿血壓很高的話為什么喝水時不會暈倒這個問題，所以該空格所在句子意思是“長頸鹿還應(yīng)該有另一個問題”，而不是“有其他問題”，所以D正確。排除A。48.B詞義辨析題。根據(jù)常識可知，長頸鹿要把頭低下來喝水，所以B正確。49.D詞義辨析題。本句意思是長頸鹿低頭喝水時，血液應(yīng)該________到大腦。rush意為“沖;急流”，符合句意，所以D正確。crush意為“壓碎”，brush意為“刷”，push意為“推動”。50.C詞義辨析題。根據(jù)句意可知，長頸鹿頭低下的時候，血液流回到心臟比較困難，所以C正確。return作不及物動詞時雖然也可以表示“返回”，但它本身已經(jīng)包含back的含義，所以排除。51.B詞義辨析題。聯(lián)系上下文可知，如果長頸鹿血壓很高，那么它們會有腿部腫脹的問題，空格所在句子就是指長頸鹿對于腿部腫脹問題的解決，所以B正確。原文第二段已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)swollenfeet這一表達(dá)，根據(jù)原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)的原理也可知本題選B。52.A語法結(jié)構(gòu)題?？崭駷樗诰渥訌木涞囊龑?dǎo)詞，在從句中作賓語，所以A正確。53.D慣用搭配題。選項(xiàng)中能與out搭配的詞有figure和turn,figureout表示“計(jì)算出;解決”，不合句意，排除;turnout表示“證實(shí);發(fā)覺是”，符合句意，所以D正確。reveal意為“揭示”，indicate意為“指出”。54.A詞義辨析題。空格前的and說明空格處的詞和skin并列，句意為“它們腿和腳上的皮膚和其它________”。tissue意為“組織”，符合句意，所以A正確。vessel意為“血管”，pore意為“小孔”，organ意為“器官”。55.C語法結(jié)構(gòu)題?？崭窈鬄閮蓚€形容詞比較級，由此可知空格應(yīng)該是能夠修飾形容詞比較級的詞，結(jié)合句意可知長勁鹿腿和腳的皮膚和其他組織更堅(jiān)硬，所以much符合句意，C正確。56.B詞義辨析題。由空格前的than可知，是拿長勁鹿和其他動物做比較，所以B正確。57.A邏輯銜接題。空格所在句子意思是：________長勁鹿低頭喝水時，血液沖向大腦怎么辦?根據(jù)句意可知whenever符合，所以A正確。58.D詞義辨析題?？崭袼诰渥右馑紴椋?長勁鹿的勁靜脈)能將血液從大腦________回心臟。carry符合句意，所以D正確。59.B慣用搭配題。suckup意為“吸收”，suckin意為“利用;欺騙;詐取”，to和from不能和suck搭配，suckup符合句意，所以B正確。60.D詞義辨析題。空格所在句意為：通過擠壓勁靜脈的閥門，它們能________血液流回到心臟，甚至在長頸鹿喝水的時候也能。keep符合句意，所以D正確。三、閱讀理解22.Specialshipsthatcreatecloudsbysendingseawaterintotheaircouldbethecheapestwayofdealingwithclimatechange,newresearchhasfound.Thetechnique,knownas“marinecloudwhitening”,wouldcreatecloudsabovethePacificOceanthatwouldhaveacoolingeffectbyreflectingsunlightawayfromEarth.Nearly2,000wind-poweredshipswouldcrossthesea,gettingseawaterandsendingitupthroughtalltubes.“Whenyousendsaltwaterintotheair,youcreatebiggerandwhiterclouds,andthusreflectmoresunlightbackintospace,”saidDavidYoungfromthegroupofthestudy.

ThepaperbyProfessorEricBickelandLeeLanelookedintothecostsoftheprojects.Itfoundthatcloudwhiteningwouldreducetheeffectsofclimatechangethiscenturyfornomorethan￡5.3billion.Thisisonlyasmallpartofthe￡150billionthatleadingnationsareconsideringspendingtocutCO2emissions(排放物)eachyear.Itisalsomorethan25timescheaperthanthe￡140billioncostofanotherprojectwhichwouldcopythecoolingeffectofvolcanoes.Theauthorsalsocomparedthecostbenefitsthatreducingtemperatureswouldhave.Theyfoundevery￡1spendonotherwayswouldhave￡15ofbenefits,howeverevery￡1spentoncloudwhiteningwouldbring￡2,000ofbenefits.Thesewouldincludethehumancostsonhealthandtheinfluenceonotherfields.DavidYoungsaid,“MarinecloudwhiteningcouldachieveasmuchfortheplanetasCO2cutswould,butwithmuchlesscost.”Buthewarnedthatthesetechniquesshouldn’tbeconsideredasalong-periodwaytodealwithclimatechange.“It’simportanttonotethatthistechniquewouldn’treduceCO2emissionsordealwiththecausesofglobalwarming,butwouldcoveritseffects.”hesaid.68.“Marinecloudwhitening”hasaneffectonglobalwarmingby__________.A.cuttingsunlight

B.sendingcoldairintospaceC.coolingwaterintheair

D.coolingairwithwater69.Thefourthparagraphmainlytellsus________.A.waystodealwithclimatechangeB.thecoststodealwithclimatechangeC.cloudwhiteningcostsmuchlessthanotherprojectsD.leadingnationswastemuchmoneyincuttingCO2emissions70.Comparedtootherprojects,cloudwhitening_________.A.hasagreatereffectonvolcanoesB.willbringmorebenefitsC.willbenefitman’shealthmostD.canreducetemperaturesinabetterway71.Itcanbelearnedfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatcloudwhitening_________.A.helpsuslearnmoreaboutglobalwarmingB.meanscuttingCO2emissionsC.isthebestwaytodealwithclimatechangeD.can’tstopglobalwarmingbasically

參考答案：68-71ACBD略23.IntheUnitedStates,whenonebecomesrich,hewantspeopletoknowit.Andevenifhedoesnotbecomeveryrich,hewantspeopletothinkthatheis.Thatiswhat“keepingupwiththeJoneses”isabout.Itisthestoryofsomeonewhotriedtolookasrichashisneighbors.Theexpressionwasfirstusedin1913byayoungAmericancalledArthurMomand.Hetoldthisstoryabouthimself.Hebeganearning$125aweekattheageof23.Thatwasalotofmoneyinthosedays.HegotmarriedandmovedwithhiswifetoaverywealthyneighborhoodoutsideNewYorkCity.Whenhesawthatrichpeoplerodehorses,Momandwenthorsebackridingeveryday.Whenhesawthatrichpeoplehadservants,Momandandhiswifealsohiredaservantandgavebigpartiesfortheirnewneighbors.Itwaslikearace,butonecouldneverfinishhisracebecauseonewasalwaystryingtokeepup.TheraceendedforMomandandhiswifewhentheycouldnolongerpayfortheirnewwayoflife.TheymovedbacktoanapartmentinNewYorkCity.Momandlookedaroundhimandnoticedthatmanypeopledothingsjusttokeepupwithrichlifestyleoftheirneighbors.Hesawthefunnysideofitandstartedtowriteaseriesofshortstories.Hecalledit“KeepingupwiththeJoneses”because“Jones”isaverycommonnameintheUnitedStates.“KeepingupwiththeJoneses”cametomeankeepingupwithrichlife