《直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)》課件

直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)Gaoliuchuzhong,qingzhoushandong直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)Gaoliuchuzhong,qingzh1Review賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞語(yǔ)序：時(shí)態(tài)：thatif/whether疑問(wèn)詞陳述語(yǔ)序主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句可以是需要的任何時(shí)態(tài)主句為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句應(yīng)使用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)。從句如果描述的是客觀真理、科學(xué)理論等則永遠(yuǎn)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。陳述句一般疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句Review賓引導(dǎo)詞語(yǔ)序：時(shí)態(tài)：thatif/whether2將下列句子合并為一句:1.Wheredotheystopontheway?Iasked.2.Whatwillyouspeakatthemeeting?Couldyoutellme?3.Dotheyliketogoskiing?Heasked.4.Heisdoinghishomework.Hesaid.5.Hewillcomeback.Tomsaid.Iaskedwheretheystoppedontheway.

Couldyoutellmewhatyouwillspeakatthemeeting?Heaskediftheylikedtogoskiing.

Hesaidthathewasdoinghishomework.

Tomsaidthathewouldcomeback.將下列句子合并為一句:Iaskedwherethey3直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)

（DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech）1.定義：A.直接引述別人的話，叫“直接引語(yǔ)”。B.用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫“間接引語(yǔ)”。間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)從句。直接引語(yǔ)一般前后要加引號(hào)，間接引語(yǔ)不用引號(hào)。2.例如：約翰說(shuō)：“我喜歡看故事書(shū)。”（直接引語(yǔ)）Johnsaid，“Ilikereadingstorybooks.”約翰說(shuō)他喜歡看故事書(shū)。（間接引語(yǔ)）Johnsaidthathelikedreadingstorybooks。NextpageLastpage直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)

（DirectSpeechandI4直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)可分為三大類(lèi)：1）直接引語(yǔ)為陳述句2）直接引語(yǔ)為疑問(wèn)句（一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句）3）直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)可分為三大類(lèi)：1）直接引語(yǔ)為陳述句2）直接5直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，用連詞that引導(dǎo)，that在口語(yǔ)中常省略。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可直接用引語(yǔ)中的say,也可用tell來(lái)代替，注意，可以說(shuō)saythat,tellsb.that，不可直接說(shuō)tellthat陳述句直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，用連詞that引導(dǎo)，6e.g.Heoftensays,“Chinaisgreat.”→Heoftensays(that)Chinaisgreat.Tomsays,“Iamastudent.”→Tomsays(that)heisastudent.Hesays,“Ileavemybookinyourroom”→

Hesaid(that)helefthisbookinyourroom.e.g.Heoftensays,“Chinaisg7１）人稱(chēng)的變化口訣

說(shuō)明直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一隨主二隨賓三不變引號(hào)內(nèi)的第一人稱(chēng)變間引后與主句主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)保持一致引號(hào)內(nèi)的第二人稱(chēng)變間引后與主句賓語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)保持一致引號(hào)內(nèi)的第三人稱(chēng)在變間引后人稱(chēng)不變Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”ShesaidthatshelikedtennisHesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearlyShesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim”ShetoldmethatThattheywantedhelphim一隨主，二隨賓，三不變１）人稱(chēng)的變化口訣說(shuō)明直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一二隨賓三引號(hào)內(nèi)的8Practice:1)Hesaid,“My

brotherfailedintheexam.”Hesaid____brotherhadfailedintheexam.2)HesaidtoMary,“Howisyourmothernow?”heaskedMaryhow_____motherwasthen.3)Myteachersaid,‘‘sheisagoodstudent.’’Myteachersaid____wasagoodstudent4)Hesaidtome,“I’veleftherbookinyourroom”Hetoldmethat___hadleft___bookin___room.hishershehehermyPractice:hishershehehermy91."Wewantyoutotakeamessageforher."saidtheGreens.TheGreenstoldmethat

wanted

totakeamessagefor

.theyme

her2."Are

youwillingtolendusahand?"shesaidtohim.Sheaskedhimwhether

waswillingtolend

ahand.hethem1."Wewantyoutotakeamess102)時(shí)態(tài)的變化Hesays,‘‘Iwilldoittomorrow”Hesaysthathewilldoittomorrow.如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)無(wú)需變化如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)要做出相應(yīng)的改變．2)時(shí)態(tài)的變化Hesays,‘‘Iwilldo11直接引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)不變一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)直接引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行121.“Iamilltoday.”saidmymother.Mymothersaidthatshe

illthatday.2.“WeworkhardatEnglish.”hesaid.wasHesaidthatthey

hardatEnglish.worked1.“Iamilltoday.”saidmym131.Theysaidtome,“Weareworkinghardatacompany.”Theytoldmethatthey

atacompany.wereworking2.“Iamwritingaletternow.”shesaid.Shesaidthatshe

aletterthen.waswriting1.Theysaidtome,“Wearewor14Practice:１.Johnsaid,“Ilikereadingadventurestories.”Johnsaidthathe_____readingadventurestories.２.Shesaidtome,“IbrokeyourCDplayer.”Shetoldmethatshe____________myCDplayer.３.Hesaid,“I’llcomeherethismorning.”Hesaidhe_______gotherethatmorning４.Hesays,“Ihavefinishedmyhomework.”Hesaysthathe___________hishomework.５.Hesaid,“theyareplayinggamesoverthere?”

Hesaidthatthey_______playinggamesoverthere.likedhadbrokenwouldhadfinishedwerePractice:likedhadbrokenwould15nowthentodayThatdaytonightThatnightagoBefore/earlieryesterdayThedaybeforelastnightThenightbeforetomorrowThenext/followingdaynext…Thenext/following…直接引語(yǔ)中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則：nowthentodayThatdaytonightTha16※直接引語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞come在間接引語(yǔ)中用go:※直接引語(yǔ)中副詞here在間接引語(yǔ)中用there：※直接引語(yǔ)中的指示代詞轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則：this變?yōu)閠hat;these變?yōu)閠hose本來(lái)就是that/those則不變。※直接引語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞come在間接引語(yǔ)中用go:※直接引語(yǔ)中副詞17一般疑問(wèn)句

Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?”

Heasked(me)whether/if

Ihadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren'tyou?”

HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.間接引語(yǔ)用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)，原主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞say要改為ask

，語(yǔ)序要變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序

一般疑問(wèn)句Hesaid,“Doyouhavean18Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”

HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.

Iasked,“Willyoutakebusortaketrain?”Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain.

“Isheallright?”Theycriedout.Theycriedoutwhetherhewasallright.注意：大多數(shù)情況下，if,whether可以互換，但句中出現(xiàn)or(not),或放在介詞后作連接詞，只用whether。Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglis19特殊疑問(wèn)句

Hesaidtome，“What'syourname?”

Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?”Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)詞作為間接引語(yǔ)的連詞，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用ask(sb.)來(lái)表達(dá)，語(yǔ)序改為陳述句語(yǔ)序

特殊疑問(wèn)句Hesaidtome，“What'syo20直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，則改為tell/order/asksb.(not)todosth.其他變化同上。祈使句Hesaid,“Pleasecomeheretomorrow.”Theteachersaid,“Don’ttalkanymore.”Heaskedmetogotherethenextday.Theteachertoldusnottotalkanymore.直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，則改為祈使句Hesaid,“Pleas21Hesays,“IsTomastudentorateacher？”→

HeaskswhetherTomisastudentorateacher.Heaskedme,"Doyoulikeplayingfootball?“→

Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedplayingfootball.Mysisteraskedme:“Whatisyourfriend?”→Mysisteraskedmewhatmyfriendwas.Jackaskedme,"Howdoyoulikethefilm?"→JackaskedmehowIlikedthefilm.Thesoliderordered,“Bequiet.”→

Thesoliderorderedustobequiet.Hesaidtoher,“Openthedoor,please.”→Heaskedhertoopenthedoor.Shesays,“IwillgotoBeijingnextmonth.”→Shesays(that)shewillgotoBeijingthenextmonth.Heoftensays“Ishalltellyouaboutthem.”→Heoftentellsmethathewilltellmeaboutthem.Hesays,“IsTomastudentora22注意：（1）直接引語(yǔ)如果是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：

Hesaid,“Light

travels

muchfasterthansound.”Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.“Afriendinneedis

afriendindeed,”Mothersaidtome.Mothertoldmethatafriendinneedisafriendindeed.(2)如果在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here不必改為there，動(dòng)詞come不必改為go。如果在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述，yesterday\tomorrow等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也不必改變。注意：（1）直接引語(yǔ)如果是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)23直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，下列情況下時(shí)態(tài)不變注意：１.直接引語(yǔ)若表示的是客觀事實(shí)或真理時(shí)，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變．２.

當(dāng)引語(yǔ)中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示過(guò)去某一具體時(shí)間時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不需改變．直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，下列情況下時(shí)態(tài)不變注意：１.直接引241.Ourteachersaid,“Light

travels

muchfasterthansound.”O(jiān)urteachersaidthatlight______

muchfasterthansound.travels2.“I

graduated

in1966.”Mybrothersaid.

Mybrothersaidthathe

in1966.graduated1.Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Theearthisround.”

2.Myfathersaidtome,“Iwasbornin1961.”

Theteachertoldthestudentsthattheearthis

round.Myfathertoldmethathewasbornin1961.1.Ourteachersaid,“Lighttr251.“Whatdoesthiswordmean?”sheaskedme.Sheaskedmewhat

wordmeant.that2.“Canyouseethatmaponthewall?”heaskedme.HeaskedmeifIcouldsee

maponthewall.that3.“Doyoulikethesetoys?”Janeaskedus.Janeaskedusifweliked

toys.those4.“Bringthoseballstome.”saidmysister.Mysisteraskedustobring

ballstoher.those1.“Whatdoesthiswordmean?”261.“I

likereadingadventurestories,”saidJohn.

Johnsaidthathelikedreadingadventurestories.2.“I

don’tlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriend.Sarahtoldherfriendsthatshedidn’tlikecomputers.ExerciseI1.“Ilikereadingadventures273.“Ann,haveyouseenmybluenotebook?”P(pán)eterasked.

PeteraskedAnnifshehadseenhisbluenotebook.4.“Howcanyoudothat?”MarysaidtoAnn.

MaryaskedAnnhowshecoulddothat.5.“Whatdifferencedoesitmake?”P(pán)eteraskedJim.

PeteraskedJimwhatdifferenceitmade.3.“Ann,haveyouseenmyblue281.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat___worried___.A.helooks…todayB.youlook…todayC.welooked…thatdayD.Ilooked…thatdayExerciseII1.Jacksaidtome,“Youlook292.Wesaidtoher,“They’rewalkingthroughthestreetnow.”Wetoldherthat___throughthestreet___.

A.wewerewalking…thenB.youarewalking…nowC.theywerewalking…thenD.theywalking…now2.Wesaidtoher,“They’rewa303.MrBlacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongwaythisweek.”MrBlacksaidthat__alongway__.Ihadwalked…thatweekhehadwalked…thatweekIwalked…lastweekhehaswalked…thisweek3.MrBlacksaid,“Ihavewalk314.Themanthought,“Ishalltakeitbacktomorrow.”Themanthoughtthat__takeitback____.A.Ishall…tomorrowB.Ishall…thenextdayC.heshould…tomorrowD.hewould…thenextday4.Themanthought,“Ishallt325.Theysaidtous,“Areyouafraidtoleavethishouse?”Theyaskedus____afraidtoleave_____house.A.thatwerewe…thisB.thatwewere…thatC.ifwerewe…thisD.ifwewere…that5.Theysaidtous,“Areyoua336.Janesaid,“Whatdidhehearaboutaweekago?”Janeasked____about_____.A.thatheheard…aweekagoB.whathehadheard…theweekbeforeC.whathehadherd…aweekagoD.ifheheard…theweekago6.Janesaid,“Whatdidhehea347.Sheasked,“Whosehousewillhebreakintonexttime?”Sheaskedwhosehouse____breakinto_____.A.willhe…nexttimeB.wo