theinfinitive市公開課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件省賽課獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

動(dòng)詞不定式theinfinitiveJackYang結(jié)構(gòu)

:todo(否定)nottodo二.

時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式完成進(jìn)行式不定式

todo

tobedone

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

tohavebeendoing--------------------1.作主語(yǔ)(subject)2.作賓語(yǔ)(object)3.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(objectcomplement)4.作定語(yǔ)(attributive)5.作狀語(yǔ)(adverbial)6.作表語(yǔ)(predicative)7.作獨(dú)立成分8.與疑問詞等連用三.用法/功能Toseeistobelieve.It’simportanttolearn.(1).主語(yǔ)不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),往往放在謂語(yǔ)之后,用it作形式主語(yǔ).Myjobtohelpthepatient.Yourtasktocleantheclassroom.isis(2).表語(yǔ)Iwanttogohome.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.(3)賓語(yǔ)think/consider/findit+adj.+todo常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：hope,refuse,learn,setoutchoose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan.

Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.(4).賓補(bǔ)五看

watch

see

lookat

observe

notice三使

let

make

have

二聽

listento

hear一感覺:

feelwarn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等Imadehimdohiswork.Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).不定式用在介詞but,except,besides后時(shí),如果這些介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶to.(1).Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2).Ihavenochoicebuttogo.(3).Whatdoyouliketodo

besidessleep.Ihavesomethingtosay.Hehasalotofhomeworktodo.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.(5).定語(yǔ)(如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,則不定式中要有介詞.)不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，而且放在其他后置定語(yǔ)之后。1.不定式做定語(yǔ)與所修飾的詞之間有三種關(guān)系：(1)動(dòng)賓關(guān)系

Ihavealotofworktodo.我有很多工作要做。(2)主謂關(guān)系

Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.他總是第一個(gè)來(lái)。(3)同位關(guān)系

Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.我們都有上大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)。2.不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)工具等，即使是及物動(dòng)詞，不定式后面仍須有相應(yīng)的介詞。

3.不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time,place或way，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上要省去。Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive.他沒錢沒地方住。請(qǐng)給我一支寫字的筆.Pleasegivemeapentowritewith.4.something,anything,nothing,everything等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語(yǔ)。注意比較：Doyouhaveanythingtosend?你有什么東西要寄嗎？（不定式tosend的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是you）2.Doyouhaveanythingtobesent?你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？（不定式tobesent的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse）Icameheretoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.(6)狀語(yǔ)inorderto,soasto,enoughto,onlyto,too….to.,(7).獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)tobefrank,tobehonest,totellthetruthTotellthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.關(guān)于小品詞to(1).不定式中的動(dòng)詞上文已出現(xiàn)過,下文要省略該動(dòng)詞.eg:Wouldyouliketogowithme?I’dliketo.(2).不定式是tobe結(jié)構(gòu),be不可省.eg:Wouldyouliketobeateacher?I’dliketobe.不定式與疑問詞who,which,when,how,what等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.他不知道說什么。(賓語(yǔ))Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.如何解決這個(gè)問題很重要。(主語(yǔ))Myquestioniswhentostart.我的問題是什么時(shí)候開始。(表語(yǔ))注意：在與why連用時(shí)，只用于why或whynot開頭的簡(jiǎn)短疑問句中，后面緊跟的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。

Whynothavearest?固定句型:hadbetter/hadbest+(not)dosth.最好（不）做某事Why(not)dosth.?…prefertodo/preferdoing…prefer+n./doingA+to+n./doingB…prefer+todoAratherthan(to)doB…wouldrather(not)dosth.…wouldratherdoAthan(do)B…wouldrather+句子（過去式）（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）要做……(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)/幾乎/發(fā)生在它之后.)(在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的同時(shí),不定式的動(dòng)作也正在進(jìn)行)(完成式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前)(4).We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwith

you.(完成進(jìn)行式表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前,不定式的動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行而且可能之后也繼續(xù))ExerciseMyteacherwasmade_____histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.Thesentencewants____oncemore.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining3.TheArcticisconsidered____thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.havingbeenB.tohavebeenC.tobeD.beingBDC4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_____forhimwithoutdelay.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave5.IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard____.learnedB.learningC.tobelearnedD.tolearn6.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot______.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoffBDC7.---Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?---Thekey____theproblemistomeetthedemand____bythecustomers.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made8.---Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?----Itisaverygood_____.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudyBA9.---Didyougetajob?---No,I___,butit’snouse.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned10.Wefinditimpossibleforthework___