語法填空滿分策略

語法填空滿分策略授課人：劉運(yùn)芳把握方向滿分策略內(nèi)容示例字符延長(zhǎng)EXQUISITETEACHINGDESIGNTEMPLATETESTINGDIRECTIONSCIENTIFICSTRATEGYLEARNINGEXAMPLES目錄CONTENTS第一部分把握方向試卷年份語篇類型主題語境有提示詞類無提示詞類謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞詞類轉(zhuǎn)換名詞代詞比較級(jí)冠詞介詞副詞代詞連詞與從句全國(guó)卷Ⅰ2019說明文人與自然——?jiǎng)游锝榻B222

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12018說明文人與自我——跑步運(yùn)動(dòng)1221

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112017說明文人與自我——健康飲食2211

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1全國(guó)卷Ⅱ2019記敘文人與自我——人物介紹232

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22018說明文人與自然——生態(tài)保護(hù)223

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12017說明文人與社會(huì)——地鐵歷史2131

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全國(guó)卷Ⅲ2019記敘文人與社會(huì)——旅行經(jīng)歷223

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12018記敘文人與自然——森林偶遇131

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12017記敘文人與自我——人物介紹2221

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1從近三年高考來看，語法填空的考點(diǎn)分布如下：一、有提示詞類：設(shè)置7個(gè)小題高頻考點(diǎn)謂語動(dòng)詞1～2題：考查時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致，其中涉及語態(tài)方面的不超過1題，答案最多三個(gè)單詞。非謂語動(dòng)詞1～3題：考查不定式、動(dòng)名詞與分詞，每種最多設(shè)1題。派生詞1～3題：考查方式有動(dòng)詞派生為名詞、名詞派生為形容詞或動(dòng)詞、形容詞派生為副詞等。每種最多設(shè)1題。名詞0～1題：主要考查可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，也可能會(huì)考查名詞的所有格。形容詞和副詞類0～1題：主要考查形容詞和副詞詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換，以及其比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。低頻考點(diǎn)代詞：0～1題。一般給出人稱代詞的主格，要求考生填其賓格、名詞性或形容詞性物主代詞、反身代詞等。二、無提示詞類：設(shè)置3個(gè)小題高頻考點(diǎn)介詞0～1題：重點(diǎn)考查常見介詞的基本用法或固定搭配中的介詞，一般不涉及短語介詞。冠詞0～1題：重點(diǎn)考查冠詞的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠詞，一般不涉及零冠詞。從屬關(guān)聯(lián)詞0～2題：側(cè)重于定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。此外，名詞性從句、狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞也偶有涉及。低頻考點(diǎn)并列連詞0～1題：并列句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞也偶有涉及。其他0～1題：包括助動(dòng)詞(如強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞的do，does，did；構(gòu)成部分倒裝的do，does，did；構(gòu)成一般疑問句的do，does，did)，構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的it或that，連接性副詞(before，ago，however，anyway...)等。一如何應(yīng)對(duì)提示詞為動(dòng)詞題【思維流程】[示例1](2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut65.

(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements，leadingtoa66.beliefthatpopulationsareincreasing.分析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，缺少謂語，故應(yīng)填謂語動(dòng)詞。由時(shí)間狀語“Inrecentyears”可知，句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；再由主語“someInuitpeople”可知，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故謂語動(dòng)詞用havereported。[示例2](2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Whenwegotacall68.

(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwas69.ajoke.分析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞got，空處應(yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞。再由句意可知，say與前面的acall之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語saying...作后置定語，修飾acall。二如何應(yīng)對(duì)提示詞為其他詞題【思維流程】[示例1](2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466.that/whichshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall67.

(cause).分析：cause表示“原因，起因”時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，且前面有all修飾，故填cause的復(fù)數(shù)形式causes。[示例2](2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Theyalsosharedwithusmany67.

(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere68.hugely(huge)popularwithtourists.分析：所填詞修飾名詞stories，故應(yīng)用tradition的形容詞形式traditional。[示例3](2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen62.

(poor)studied.分析：此處修飾動(dòng)詞studied，故應(yīng)用形容詞poor的副詞形式poorly。[示例4](2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Scientistshaverespondedby67.noting(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements，leadingtotheillusion(錯(cuò)覺)thatpopulationsare68.

(high)thantheyactuallyare.分析：根據(jù)空格后的than可知，此處應(yīng)用high的比較級(jí)形式higher。三如何應(yīng)對(duì)純空格題【思維流程】[示例1](2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Modernmethods63.

trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s.分析：amethodof/fordoingsth做某事的方法。[示例2](2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Iwassearching67.

thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI’dbeenobserving.分析：searchfor意為“尋找”，為固定搭配，故填介詞for。[示例3](2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Of69.

nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining，six70.are(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.分析：此處特指確認(rèn)的19個(gè)北極熊亞種群，故用定冠詞the。[示例4](2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Whenwegotacall68.saying(say)shewasshort-listed，wethoughtitwas69.

joke.分析：joke“笑話，玩笑”，是可數(shù)名詞?？崭窈笥昧藛螖?shù)joke，故其前用a。[示例5](2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)However，therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths，morethan25，000peoplewereusing67.

everyday.分析：指代前句中的therailway，故填it。[示例6](2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)InmuchofAsia，especiallytheso-called“ricebowl”culturesofChina，Japan，Korea，61.

Vietnam，foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.分析：這里列舉了亞洲的一些國(guó)家，它們?yōu)椴⒘嘘P(guān)系，應(yīng)用and。[示例7](2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield，62.

sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.分析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，逗號(hào)后是非限制性定語從句，thepetshop是先行詞，定語從句中缺少opened的賓語，故用which。[示例8](2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°，thereisevidence61.

theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.分析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，所填詞引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋說明evidence的具體內(nèi)容，從句不缺少成分且意義完整，故用that引導(dǎo)。1.【2019·全國(guó)卷I】閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence___61___theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen___62___(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.Modernmethods___63___trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive___64___(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunayut___65___(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa___66___(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientistshaverespondedby___67___(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯(cuò)覺)thatpopulationsare___68___(high)thantheyactuallyare.Of___69___nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six___70___(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.2.【2019·全國(guó)卷II】閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for___61___(be)Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee-stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,___62___sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave___63___(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award，proudIrene___64___(declare)shehadnoplans___65___(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.Irenesaid，“Idon'tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI___66___(make)overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,___67___becauseIwantto.”GranddaughterGayleParks，31-whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness-saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid，“Wedon'thaveanyideawhoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacall___68___(say)shewasshort-listed，wethoughtitwas___69___joke.Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It's___70___(wonder).”3.【2019·全國(guó)卷III】讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Onourwaytothehouse，itwasraining___61___hardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake___62___(get)there.ItwasinthemiddleofPearlCity.Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapack___63___dogs，seventobeexact.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters___64___hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand___65___(recommend)wonderfulplacestoeat，shop，andvisit.Forbreakfast，wewereabletoeatpapaya(木瓜)andotherfruitsfromtheirtreesinthebackyard.Whentheywerefreefromwork，theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting___66___(compete)towatch，togetherwiththestorybehindit.Theyalsosharedwithusmany___67___(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere___68___(huge)popularwithtourists.Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay，we___69___(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars，___70___(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.4.【2019·浙江卷】Thereareseveralreasonswhyschooluniformsareagoodidea.Firstofall,uniformshelptheschoollooksmart.Thestudentsfeelthattheybelongtoaparticulargroup.Wheneverypupilintheschoolwearstheuniform,nobody___56___(have)toworryaboutfashion(時(shí)尚).Everybodywears___57___samestyleofclothes.Uniformscanbeusefulinunexpectedways,AschoolinIrelandhasintroducedaninterestingnewuniform.Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth___58___givesofflightinthedark.Whenthechildrenarewalkingor___59___(cycle)toschoolondarkmornings,cardriverscan___60___(easy)seethem.Butcanuniformshelpimproveschoolstandards?Theanswer___61___thisquestionisnotclear.OnestudyinAmericafoundthatstudents'grades___62___(improve)alittleaftertheschoolintroduceduniforms.Butsomestudentsdidn'twant___63___(wear)theuniform.OtherAmericanstudiesshowedno___64___(connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.Schooluniformsare___65___(tradition)inBritain,butsomeschoolsarestartingtogetridofthem.Someverygoodschoolsdon'thaveauniformpolicy.However,uniformsarestillpopular.Pupilsatabout90percentofBritishsecondaryschoolswearuniforms.5.【2018·全國(guó)卷I】閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears61(long)thannon-runners.Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong62(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit64(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall67(cause).Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise…it’sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto68

(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit’salways69(energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive70atry.6.【2018·全國(guó)卷II】DietshavechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011,thecountry___61___（grow）morecornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover___62___past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.Atasteformeatis___63___(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.Anotherreasonforcorn'srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice___64___(improve)waterquality.Cornuseslesswater___65___riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.Thisswitchhasdecreased___66___(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal___67___(globe)fertilizerconsumption.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment___68___(start)asoil-testingprogram___69___givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers-and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.Thatpreventedtheemission(排放)of51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.China'sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile___70___(feed)itscitizens"offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide."saysthebank'sJuergenVoegele.7.【2018·全國(guó)卷III】

I'mnotsure_____61_____ismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩）thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.I'mwalkingonapathintheforestintheCentralAfricanRepublic.Unexpectedly,I'mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat____62____topofherlungs.Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400-poundmaleappears.Hescreamsthe___63___(loud)ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardme.Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid____64____(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeel____65____(challenge).MynameisMireyaMayor.I'ma___66___(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.Iwassearching___67___thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI'dbeenobserving.Noonehadseenthemforhours,andmycolleaguesandIwereworried.WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind____68__(they)alive.Truetoagorilla'sunaggressivenature,thehugeanimal____69____(mean)menorealharm.Hewasjustsaying:"I'mkingofthisforest,andhereisyourreminder!"Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme____70____(stay)andwatch.8.【2018·浙江卷】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。FewpeopleIknowseemtohavemuchdesireortimetocook.MakingChinese56(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.Manywesterners57cometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheap58canbetoeatout.Istillremember59(visit)afriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandI60(shock)whenIlearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.Whileregularlyeatingoutseemsto61(become)commonformanyyoungpeopleinrecentyears,it’snotwithoutacost.Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybe62(afford)butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.Therecouldbeaneven63(high)costonyourhealth.Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein64(weigh)problems.Ifyouarenotgoingtosufferthisproblem,thenIsuggestthatthenexttimeyougotoyourmum’shome__65__dinner,getafewcookingtipsfromher.Cookingfoodcanbefun.Youmightalsobegintonoticetheeffectsnotonlyonyourhealthbutinyourpocket.9.【2017·全國(guó)卷I】閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfatcontentandlesssalt.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity（醫(yī)學(xué)界）61amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside62(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired63(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.Whenfatandsalt64(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifismissingsomething.As65result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Even66(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfood___67___(be)fulloffatandsalt;by68(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃點(diǎn)心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be69(care)nottogotoextremes.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,70isnotgoodforthehealth.10.【2017·全國(guó)卷II】閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible__61__(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand___62__work.Ittookthreeyearstocompleteandwasbuiltusinganinterestingmethod.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,____63___(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover___64___top.Whenallthosehadbeendone,theroadsurfacewasreplaced.Steamengines___65__(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen___66__(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusing___67__everyday.Later,engineers____68___(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道）,whichbecameknowntothetube.Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe___69___(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.ThecentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost___70___(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.Ithadwhite-paintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages,andprovedextremelypopularwiththepublic.11.【2017·全國(guó)卷III】閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Shelookslikeanyotherschoolgirl,fresh-facedandfulloflife.SarahThomasislookingforwardtothechallengeofhernewA-levelcourse.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term61(rest).Instead,sheisearning￡6500adayas62modelinNewYork.Sarah63(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodelearningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.HerfatherPeter,44,wantshertogiveupschooltomodelfull-time.ButSarah,64hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants65(prove)thatshehasbrain