鐮序竹屬一新種中國(guó)竹亞科鐮序竹屬一新種匍匐鐮序竹

鐮序竹屬一新種中國(guó)竹亞科鐮序竹屬一新種匍匐鐮序竹

2004年2月，作者對(duì)福建廈門地區(qū)的竹子進(jìn)行了調(diào)查和分類，尤其是廈門植物園建園40多年來(lái)種植的竹子進(jìn)行了植物采集和生產(chǎn)。該花園于1976年引入貴州竹芽苗。該植物栽植于廈門園林植物園標(biāo)本樓庭院,沙壤土,水肥條件較好,2004年2月見(jiàn)少量開(kāi)花,2005年3–4月大量開(kāi)花,4–5月結(jié)果(現(xiàn)育有竹苗),10–11月母竹即枯死。作者原將該竹定為壩竹Drepanostachyummicrophyllum(Hsueh&Yi)Kengf.exYi,并對(duì)其繁殖器官進(jìn)行了補(bǔ)充描述(陳松河,王振忠,2004)。后來(lái)隨著研究材料的豐富和研究工作的深入經(jīng)仔細(xì)查對(duì)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料和核對(duì)近緣種標(biāo)本,發(fā)現(xiàn)該竹雖然與壩竹相似,但其植株整體形態(tài)及竿、竿節(jié)、竿籜、葉、葉舌、葉鞘等特征均與后者有明顯的區(qū)別,其繁殖器官也與近緣竹種有明顯區(qū)別?，F(xiàn)根據(jù)其營(yíng)養(yǎng)器官和生殖器官的特征確定該植物為鐮序竹屬DrepanostachyumKengf.一新種。匍匐鐮序竹新種圖1DrepanostachyumstoloniformeS.H.Chen&Z.Z.Wang,sp.nov.Fig.1SpeciesnovahaecDrepanostachyomicrophyllo(Hsueh&Yi)Kengf.exYiaffinis,sedstirpibuslianissimillimis,culmisstoloniformibusgracilibus3–6mmdiam.25–55-nodibusparietibuscirc.1mmcrassis,internodiisbasalibus5–9cmlongismedianis13–18cmlongisintranodiis1–2mmlongis,ligulavaginaecirc.0.5mmaltaapiceciliiscirc.2mmlongisobtecta;foliorumligulistruncatiscirc.3mmlongisciliiscirc.4mmlongisobtectispropematuritatem2–6cmlongis0.3–0.6cmlatis,earumnervissecundariis3–4-jugisdiffert.Rhizomasympodiale.Culmilianissimiles,3–5mlongi,3–6mmdiam.,parietibuscirc.1mmcrassis,25–55-nodes,internodiisbasalibus5–9cmlongismedianis13–18cmlongiscylindricisviridulisvelflavo-virentibusprimoleviterfarinosisdemumglabrisnitidis;nodvaginarumprominentes,residuisbasiumvaginaruminstructi,glabri;nodiculmorumaliquantoprominentes,intranodiis1–2mmlongis.Vaginaeculmoruminternodiisbreviores,longetriangulatae,crassepapyraceae,cinereo-fulvae,apice1–2mmlatae,dorsolaeves,glabraeconspicuelongitudinaliterstriatae,marginemembranaceae;auriculaenullae;ligulaetruncataevelleviterrecavae,circ.0.5mmaltae,apiceciliiscirc.2mmlongisobtectae;laminaereflexae,subulataevellineari-lanceolatae,glabrae,basirotundatae,apiceacuminatae,margineinvolutae;ramiadquemquenodum5–14fasciculati,interdumramusprimarius1innumeroarrectus,culmissubaequicrassus,ramislateralibusgracilioribus,circ.0.4mmdiam.,nodisramorumetnodisvaginarumconspicuioribus,internodiiscirc.0.5mmlongis.Folia3–10inquoqueramulo;vaginaefoliorumglabrae,2–6cmlongae,marginetenues,purpurae;auriculaenullae;ligulaetruncatae,circ.3mmlongae,supernemargineserrulataeetciliatae,ciliiscirc.4mmlongis;laminaepapyraceae,angustelanceolatae,juventute4–11cmlongae,0.8–2cmlatae,maturitate2–6cmlongae,0.3–0.6cmlatae,supernevirides,subtusviridulae,utrinqueglabrae,apiceacuminatae,basiattenuatae,nervissecundariis3–4-jugis,nervillistransversisobscuris,margineserrulataenecnonscabrae;petioli1–2mmlongi.Ramifloriferi100–200cmlongi,adnodosdenuofurcati;racemivelpaniculaesimplices;rhachesgracilesundulato-flexuosae,4–17mmlongae;bracteae2,chartaceae;spiculae3–4-florae,virideslaxae,12–15mmlongae;pedicellisgracilibus,undulato-flexuosis,longissimis17–19mmceteris6–15mmlongisvelnullis;rhachillaearticuliglabri,clavati,1–2mmlongi,aliquantocompressi,apiceinflati;glumae2,membranaceae,4–6mmlongae,prima3–5-nervis,secunda4–5-nervis;lemmatalanceolata,7–11mmlonga,3–4mmlata,7–9-nervia,glabra,apiceacuminata;paleae8–9mmlongae,3–4mmlatae,dorso2-carinatae,apicebifidae;lodiculae3ovatae,piliferae;stamina3,4–5mmlonga;ovariumlongeellipticum,glabrum,circ.4mmlongum,breviterstipitatum;stylusbrevis;stigmata3,plumose.Caryopsisangusteoblonga1–1.2cmlonga,2.5–2.7mmdiam.,brunnea,pericarpiocrassioreglabro7–11-carinatoventralimanifestasuturabasiacuta,apicestylibasipersistenterostriformiinstructo,albuminecopiosoalbo.MartioetAprilifloret.TurionesAugustacrescentes.China.Fujian(福建):Xiamen(廈門),XiamenBotanicalGarden(XMBG)(廈門園林植物園),alt.110–200m,2004-02-18,S.H.Chen(陳松河)2004-002(holotype,PE;isotypeXMBG),2004-02-20,S.H.Chen(陳松河)2004-003(XMBG)。地下莖合軸型。竿藤本狀,叢生,長(zhǎng)3–5m。全竿具25–55節(jié),基部數(shù)節(jié)節(jié)間長(zhǎng)5–9cm中部節(jié)間長(zhǎng)13–18cm;直徑3–6mm;竿壁厚約1mm;節(jié)間圓筒形,淡綠色或黃綠色,幼時(shí)微被白粉,老時(shí)無(wú)毛,有光澤;籜環(huán)隆起,具籜鞘基部的殘留物,無(wú)毛;竿環(huán)稍隆起節(jié)內(nèi)長(zhǎng)1–2mm?；X鞘短于節(jié)間,長(zhǎng)三角形,厚紙質(zhì),灰褐色,先端寬1–2mm,背部光滑無(wú)毛,縱脈紋明顯,邊緣膜質(zhì);籜耳無(wú);籜舌截形或微下凹,高約0.5mm,先端具長(zhǎng)約2mm的纖毛;籜片外翻,錐形或條狀披針形,無(wú)毛,基部作圓弧形向內(nèi)收窄,先端漸尖邊緣內(nèi)卷;竿每節(jié)簇生5–14枝,有時(shí)具1枚較粗的主枝,枝上舉,直徑與主竿相近,側(cè)枝較細(xì),直徑約0.4mm,枝環(huán)與籜環(huán)較明顯,側(cè)枝節(jié)內(nèi)長(zhǎng)約0.5mm。葉在每小枝有3–10枚葉鞘無(wú)毛,長(zhǎng)2–6cm,邊緣質(zhì)薄而略帶紫色;葉耳無(wú);葉舌截形,高約3mm,上緣具細(xì)鋸齒和長(zhǎng)約4mm的纖毛;葉片紙質(zhì),窄披針形,在幼竹時(shí)長(zhǎng)4–11cm,寬0.8–2cm,在成竹時(shí)長(zhǎng)2–6cm,寬0.3–0.6cm,上面綠色,下面淡綠色,兩面均無(wú)毛,先端漸尖,基部漸窄葉柄長(zhǎng)1–2mm,次脈3–4對(duì),小橫脈不明顯,葉緣具細(xì)鋸齒而粗糙?；ㄖ﹂L(zhǎng)100–200cm節(jié)上可再分具花次生枝;花序?yàn)榭偁罨ㄐ蚧蚝?jiǎn)單的圓錐花序;花序軸較明顯,纖細(xì)而有波曲,長(zhǎng)4–17mm;基部托有2苞片,紙質(zhì);小穗含3–4朵小花,綠色,其排列較疏松,長(zhǎng)12–15mm;小穗有柄或無(wú)柄,具柄的柄纖細(xì),呈毛發(fā)狀,有波曲,其中一最長(zhǎng)者達(dá)17–19mm,其余的長(zhǎng)達(dá)6–15mm;小穗軸節(jié)間無(wú)毛,呈棒狀,長(zhǎng)1–2mm,體稍扁,先端膨大作寬淺杯狀;穎2,膜質(zhì),長(zhǎng)4–6mm,第一穎具3–5脈,第二穎具4–5脈;外稃呈披針形,長(zhǎng)7–11mm,寬3–4mm,7–9脈,無(wú)毛,先端漸尖;內(nèi)稃長(zhǎng)8–9mm,寬3–4mm,背部具2脊先端淺二裂;鱗被3,卵形,有毛,緊貼子房基部;雄蕊3,長(zhǎng)4–5mm;子房長(zhǎng)橢圓形,無(wú)毛,長(zhǎng)約4mm,具短柄;花柱短,柱頭3,呈毛刷狀;穎果為細(xì)狹的長(zhǎng)圓形,長(zhǎng)1.0–1.2cm直徑2.5–2.7mm,棕褐色,果皮較厚,種皮無(wú)毛,具7–11脊,腹溝明顯,基部尖,頂端殘存有花柱基部形成的喙,胚乳豐富、乳白色。花期3–4月。筍期8月。本種