定語從句的注意事項

定語從句的注意事項_一、定語從句中宜用that而不用which的情況先行詞是不定代詞的時候，如all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等。[eg.]Weshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople.[eg.]Thereisnothingthatcanbesaidaboutit.[eg.]Doyoumeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday?先行詞被only,any,few,little,no,all,oneof,just,very等詞修飾時。[eg.]Theonlythingthatwecandowastowait.[eg.]Youcantakeanyseatthatisfree.[eg.]Thatistheverywordthatiswronglyused.[eg.]Thisisonlyoneoftheevidencesthatrevealhiscrime..先行詞是序數(shù)詞或者被序數(shù)詞修飾時。[eg.]Thisisthethirdfilmthathasbeenshowninourschoolthisterm..先行詞是最高級或者被最高級修飾時。[eg.]Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.[eg.]themostimportantthingthatheshoulddoishowtostophimfromgoingon.先行詞既有人又有物。[eg.]Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.先行詞為數(shù)詞時。[eg.]YesterdayIcaughttwofishandoutthemintoabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatisstillalive.如果有兩個從句，其中一個關(guān)系詞以用which為關(guān)系詞，另一個應(yīng)該用that。Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.主句是therebe結(jié)構(gòu)修飾其主語的定語從句用that作為關(guān)系詞。[eg.]Thereisstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.先行詞為表語的時候，或者關(guān)系帶詞本身是定語從句的表語，宜用that。[eg.]Thisisagoodbookthatwillhelpyoualot.[eg.]Myhomevillageisnolongertheplacethatitusedtobe.一些特殊詞為先行詞的時候用that作先行詞[eg.]Thewaythatyoudealwithhimwouldignitehim.二、定語從句中宜用which而不用that的情況當(dāng)關(guān)系帶詞前面有介詞時。[eg.]Azooisaparkinwhichmanykidsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.在非限定性定語從句中。[eg.]Crusoe’sdo&whichwasnowveryold,becameillanddead.在一個句子中有兩個從句，其中一個用了that，另外一個用whicho[eg.]LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIbarrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后有插入語時。[eg.]HereistheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish._ 三、 定語從句中宜用who而不用that的情況先行詞為one,ones,anyone或those時。[eg.]ThepersonIwhattolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkswell.Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語的定語從句宜用關(guān)系帶詞who指代人。[eg.]Thereisgentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.當(dāng)先行詞有較長的后置定語的時候。[eg.]ImeetaforeignerintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhocouldspeakChinesewell.一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句，其中一個已經(jīng)用了that做關(guān)系帶詞，另外一個用who。[eg.]Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday’smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.四、 限定性定語從句和非限定性（描述性）定語從句從定語從句和它所修飾的先行詞的關(guān)系來看，定語從句優(yōu)先定性和非限定性的差別。限定性定語從句限定了先行詞的范圍和意思，這類從句不能省去。如果省去剩下的部分（即主句）的意思就會變得不清楚。這種定語從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，書寫時中間不用都好將兩個小句分開。非限定性定語從句（有時也稱為描述性定語從句）只起補充說明作用。如果省去從句，剩下的部分意思仍然清楚。書寫時兩個小句中間用逗號隔開。試比較：[eg.]Ihavefoundamanwhocanhelpyou.（限定性，去掉從句意思就不明了）[eg.]AutumninPekingistheseasonwhichisneitherhotnorcold.[eg.]Thisistheplacewherehisgreatworkwaswritten.[eg.]YesterdayIvisitedMr.Marcus,whowasill.（描述性，去掉后主句意思不受影響）[eg.]Iknockedatthedoor,whichimmediatelyopened.有時同一個定語從語可以是限制性的，也可以是非限制性（描述性）的，就看在先行詞和關(guān)系詞之間是否有逗號。加了逗號，不僅改變了句子的性質(zhì)，而且很可能改變句意。試比較下列句子：[eg.]Shehasasisterwhoisamusician.她有一個是音樂家的姐姐。（她有很多個姐姐）[eg.]Shehasasister,whoisamusician她有一個姐姐，是音樂家。（她又且只有一個姐姐）[eg.]Heborrowedallthebookswhichhadpicturesinthem.（他只借來有圖畫的書，其他的沒借）[eg.]Heborrowedallthebooks,whichhadpicturesinthem.（他借了所有的書，書里都有畫）[eg.]Intheclasstherearetwelvestudents,whoaregoodatmaths.（這個班不止12個學(xué)生）[eg.]Intheclasstherearetwelvestudentswhoaregoodatma