2022屆高考英語Unit22EnvironmentalProtection北師大版

2022屆高考英語頂尖學(xué)案：北師大版Unit22EnvironmentalProtection環(huán)境保護(hù)核心詞匯1．Weputtheproductionundera____________(聯(lián)合抵制；拒絕參加)．2．Hisnationalityisn’t____________(有關(guān)的；切題的)towhetherheisagoodlawyer.3．Thejudgec____________thethieftooneyearofhardlabor.4．Shes____________everythingforherhusband.5．Home-madepartsarebeings____________forimportedones.6．ThefloodinVenicewasamajorc____________.7．Thedisputehasscaredaway____________(潛在的，可能的)investors.8．Hewas____________(體貼的；體諒的)ofeveryone.9．Hea____________reformingtheprisonsystem.10．I____________isneededtomakecropsgrowindryareassowehavetoi____________inaway.1．boycott5．substituted；irrigate高頻短語1．__________________擺脫，脫離2．__________________超出……的控制；不受 ……的控制3．__________________展望未來4．__________________提到；涉及；參考；查閱5．__________________依次；轉(zhuǎn)而6．__________________引起，導(dǎo)致7．__________________采取行動(dòng)8．__________________除……以外9．__________________(對(duì)已產(chǎn)生的不良后果) 負(fù)責(zé)任10．__________________要求結(jié)束……11．__________________實(shí)際上12．__________________代表……13．__________________掠去，奪走14．__________________總的來說15．__________________導(dǎo)致16．__________________祝一切順利1．breakawayfromone’scontrolaheadtoturntoaction8．a(chǎn)partfromforforanendtosth.11．a(chǎn)samatteroffactsomebody’sbehalf13．carryoffinallinthebest重點(diǎn)句式1．____________________，thesun’srayswouldbouncebackintospace_____________________theEarthcoldandimpossibletoliveon.如果沒有這些自然存在的氣體，太陽的光線將會(huì)離開地球，返回到太空，使地球變得寒冷，人類將無法居住。2．____________thisdata，____________________thelinkbetweenhumanactivitiesandrisingglobaltemperaturesisnotmerelyacoincidence.鑒于這些數(shù)據(jù)，好像人類活動(dòng)與正在升高的地球溫度之間的聯(lián)系并不僅僅是巧合。3．________________________theTitanicwasthelargest,themostbeautiful,themosttechnologicallyadvancedandthesafestship__________________________，andthismadepeoplebelievethatitwasunsinkable.人們聲稱泰坦尼克號(hào)是所造的最大、最豪華、技術(shù)最高超、最安全的船只，這就使人們相信它是不可能沉沒的。1．Withoutthesenaturallyoccurringgases；leaving2．Given；itseemsthathadbeendeclaredthat；thathadeverbeenbuilt知識(shí)詳解1.beyondprep.超出，出乎 adv.在更遠(yuǎn)處；另外(回歸課本P6)．..somethingpreviouslyseenasbeyondourcontrol.……在以前看來是我們不能控制的。歸納拓展beyondthemountain在山那邊beyondmidnight午夜以后beyondone’scontrol/repair不受……控制；無法修理beyondone’sreach夠不著，超出……之外beyondone’spraise夸不勝夸beyondone’spower超出某人權(quán)限beyondone’sunderstanding無法理解例句探源①(牛津P176)Oursuccesswasfarbeyondwhatwethoughtpossible.我們的成功遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了我們估計(jì)的范圍。②Herbeautyisbeyondcomparison.她的美貌無與倫比。③Theycrossedthemountainsandtravelledtothevalleysbeyond.他們?cè)竭^群山，到了那邊的山谷。1．Thisnewmodelofcarissoexpensivethatitis________thereachofthosewithaverageincomes.A．overB．withinC．beyond D．below解析：選C。beyond在此意為“超出”。A選項(xiàng)有一定的干擾性，over后跟數(shù)字，表示“多于”。2.claimv．&n．要求；聲稱；主張；斷言(回歸課本P6)Theyclaimthatinthelast50years，gasespumpedintotheEarth’satmospherebythefactoriesandvehicleshavebeenspeedingup...他們聲稱，在過去的五十年間，工廠和汽車排放入地球大氣層中的氣體加速了……歸納拓展例句探源①Theyclaimedtherewardforworkingforhim.為他工作他們要求報(bào)酬。②Thecourtclaimed(that)hewasinnocent.法庭宣布他無罪。③Thesettlersclaimedthelandtobetheirs.殖民者聲稱土地是他們的。2．Everycitizeninourcountrymay________theprotectionofthelaw.A．a(chǎn)nnounceB．suggestC．beg D．claim解析：選D。句意：我國(guó)的每一個(gè)公民都有得到法律保護(hù)的權(quán)利。announce宣告，發(fā)表；suggest建議，暗示；beg請(qǐng)求，乞求。作為公民是有權(quán)利得到法律保護(hù)的，故claim符合句意。3.condemnvt.宣判死刑，注定毀滅；責(zé)難，責(zé)備(回歸課本P6)．..wearecondemninglifeonEarthandshouldexpectsevereconsequences.……我們會(huì)是地球上正在被毀滅的生命，并且會(huì)出現(xiàn)預(yù)料中更嚴(yán)重的后果。歸納拓展becondemnedtodeath被判死刑condemnsth.因某事而譴責(zé)某人或告某人有罪condemndosth.判某人做某事，迫使某人陷入不幸的境地例句探源①(朗文P343)Hewascondemnedtodeathformurderandlaterhanged.他因兇殺罪被判處死刑后被絞死。②Wecondemnedhimforhisbadconduct.我們責(zé)備他行為不檢點(diǎn)。③Asanoldperson,oneisoftencondemnedtolivealone.老年人常出于無奈而獨(dú)自生活。3．Pooreducation________manyyoungpeopletolowpaidjobs.A．causedB．condemnedC．contributed D．conducted解析：選B。condemnsb.tosth.把某人逼到某種不幸的境地或狀態(tài)。214.coincidencen．巧合；同時(shí)發(fā)生；一致(回歸課本P6)Giventhisdata，itseemsthatthelinkbetweenhumanactivitiesandrisingglobaltemperaturesisnotmerelyacoincidence.鑒于這些數(shù)據(jù)，好像人類活動(dòng)與正在升高的地球溫度之間的聯(lián)系并不僅僅是巧合。歸納拓展①Bycoincidence，wearrivedhereatthesametime.我們湊巧一同到達(dá)這兒。②Thetwomurdercasesweresosimilartoeachother；itwasnotacoincidenceatall.這兩個(gè)謀殺案如此相似，絕不是巧合。③(朗文P402)Whenourvacationscoincided，weoftenholidayedtogether.我們的假期要是碰巧湊在一起的話，我們常常會(huì)一起去渡假。例句探源4．用coincidence的適當(dāng)形式填空(1)Ihadn’tseenhimforyearswhenaremarkable__________broughtustogetheragain.答案：coincidence(2)Myviewsdonot____________withtheirs.答案：coincide5.advocatevt.主張，提倡n.提倡者，擁護(hù)者(回歸課本P6)Expertsadvocatethateachpersonplaytheirpart.專家提倡大家各盡所能。歸納拓展5．完成句子(1)你支持禁止汽車在市中心通行這一主張嗎？Doyou________________________inthecitycentre?答案：advocatebanningcars(2)我們主張用小容器包裝這批貨。We________________________________topackthegoods.答案：advocateusingsmallercontainers6.substituten.代替者；代用品vt.用(……)代替vi.替代，取代(回歸課本P6)Afterall，there’snosubstituteforourEarth.畢竟，我們的地球無可替代。歸納拓展①Buttercanbesubstitutedwithmargarineinthisrecipe.做這道菜可以用人造黃油代替黃油。②Hesubstitutedasthetypistintheoffice.他代替做這個(gè)辦公室的打字員。③Canyousubstituteforthesingerwhoisill?你能代替那位生了病的歌手嗎？例句探源易混辨析replace，substitute(1)replace多指以新?lián)Q舊，以好換壞，常與介詞with連用。replaceAwithB用B替換A(2)substitute多指“暫時(shí)代替或代理”的意思，常與介詞for連用。①(牛津P2022)Nothingcansubstitutefortheadviceyourdoctorisabletogiveyou.②(牛津P1688)Teacherswillneverbereplacedbycomputersintheclassroom.6．Itiswiseofyouto________welltrainedworkers________untrainedonesintheassemblyline.A．substitute；forB．substitute；withC．replace；by D．replace；with解析：選A。substitute...for...用前者代替后者，其余三項(xiàng)均為用后者代替前者。7.insignificantadj.無關(guān)緊要的，價(jià)值不大的，無意義的歸納拓展①(朗文P1015)LookingattheEarthfromspacemakesyourealizehowsmallandinsignificantweallare.從太空看地球，會(huì)使你發(fā)現(xiàn)我們都是多么渺小。②(朗文P1848)Sofar,researchhasnotproducedanythingofverygreatsignificance.迄今為止，研究尚未產(chǎn)生任何具有重大意義的結(jié)果。例句探源7．完成句子這種新藥對(duì)治療這種疾病有重大的意義。Thenewdrughasgreat________________thetreatmentofthedisease.答案：significancefor8.meansn．方法，手段(回歸課本P10)Peopleinagriculturalareas，withoutanymeanstoearntheirliving，movetothecities，...農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)的人們沒有謀生手段時(shí)便向城市進(jìn)發(fā)，……歸納拓展【溫馨提示】means表示“方法，方式，手段”時(shí)，其單復(fù)數(shù)同形。當(dāng)means作主語且有every，each等詞修飾時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；有some，several，many，few等詞修飾時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。①Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried.＝Everypossiblemeanshasbeentried.所有(每一種)可能的辦法都已經(jīng)試過了。②Thisplanmustberealizedbyallmeans.這個(gè)計(jì)劃必須完成。③Thoughtsareexpressedbymeansofwords.思想靠語言來表達(dá)。④Bynomeansshouldhebeleftalone.絕不能把他單獨(dú)留下。例句探源8．(2022年高考江蘇卷)—DoyouthinktheirtabletennisteamwillwinthefirstplaceatthecomingAsianGames?—ismuchstrongerthantheirs.A．OfcourseB．ItdependsC．Don’tmentionit D．Bynomeans解析：選D。bynomeans表示絕不；Itdepends表示看情況而定。9.considerateadj.體貼的；想得周到的(回歸課本P133)Wecanallhelpbybeingmoreconsiderateandthinkingofourneighbours.我們都可以通過更體貼的多想想我們的鄰居來提供幫助。歸納拓展①SinceIamnowpreparingfortheCollegeEntranceExamination，mymotherisveryconsiderateofme.自從我在為高考做準(zhǔn)備，媽媽就對(duì)我的照顧很細(xì)心。②It’sveryconsiderateofyoutoremembermybirthday.你想的真周到還記得我的生日。例句探源9．用consider的適當(dāng)形式填空(1)Youshouldbe________toothers.答案：considerate(2)Heisveryenergetic，________hisage.答案：considering(3)Takeeverythinginto________，Idecidedtoacceptthejob.答案：consideration(4)Allthings________，thisisreallyagoodplan.答案：considered10.referto提到，涉及；查閱(回歸課本P6)GlobalwarmingreferstoanaverageincreaseintheEarth’stemperature...地球變暖是指地球氣溫的平均上升……歸納拓展①Don’trefertothematteragain.不要再提這件事了。②Refertothedictionarywhenyoudon’tknowhowtospellaword.當(dāng)你不知道怎么拼寫一個(gè)單詞時(shí)，查閱一下詞典。③Hereferredhissuccesstothegoodteachinghehadhad.他把他的成功歸于他以前所受的良好教育。例句探源10．(2022年泰安模擬)OnAIDSDay，theministerofHealthDepartmentdemandedthattheproblems________paidspecialattentionto.A．referredtobeingB．referredtobeC．refertobeing D．refertobe解析：選B。referredto為過去分詞作后置定語；demand后面的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，即should＋動(dòng)詞原形的形式，這里省略了should。forsth.對(duì)某事負(fù)責(zé)；為某事受譴責(zé)(回歸課本P132)Huntersingeneralhavealottoanswerforintermsofendangeredanimals.就瀕危動(dòng)物而言，獵人通常應(yīng)付許多責(zé)任。歸納拓展inanswer(tosth.)＝asareply作為回應(yīng)answer(sb.)back反駁；回嘴；頂嘴；還口answertosb.(forsth.)向某人(為某事)負(fù)責(zé)；對(duì)某人承擔(dān)(某事的)責(zé)任①Theyshallanswerfortheirbehavior.他們應(yīng)對(duì)自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)。②Thedoctorcameatonceinanswertomyphonecall.醫(yī)生一接到我的電話立刻就來了。③(朗文P60)Stopansweringyourmotherback!不準(zhǔn)和母親頂嘴！例句探源11．Youmaygetawaywiththiskindofthingnow，butyouwillhaveto________itsomeday.A．a(chǎn)nswerbackB．a(chǎn)nswertoC．a(chǎn)nswerfor D．a(chǎn)nswerup解析：選C。句意：現(xiàn)在你可以逃過此事，但日后你將必須對(duì)此承擔(dān)責(zé)任。answerfor對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)，符合句意。12.onsomebody’sbehalf代表……(回歸課本P132)Weneedtospeakoutontheirbehalfbeforetheydisappearforgood.在它們永遠(yuǎn)消失之前，我們需要代表它們公開站出來說出心聲。歸納拓展onbehalfofsb.＝onsb.’sbehalfinbehalfofsb.＝insb.’sbehalf[US]都可表示“做某人的代表或代言人；為了幫助某人”。①I’mhereonbehalfofmyfamilytogiveourregardstoyou.我在這里代表我們?nèi)蚁蚰銌柡颉＂贗paidthemoneyonyourbehalf.我替你付了錢。③Wecollectedmoneyinbehalfofthepoorstudents.我們?yōu)閹椭毨W(xué)生而募捐。例句探源12．完成句子(1)Iamappealing________________________(代表)thefaminevictims.答案：onbehalfof(2)________________________(代表)mycolleaguesandmyselfI’dliketogiveawarmwelcometoyouall.答案：Onbehalfof句型梳理1【教材原句】Withoutthesenaturallyoccurringgases,thesun’srayswouldbouncebackintospaceleaving_the_Earth_cold_and_impossible_to_live_on.(P6)如果沒有這些自然存在的氣體，太陽的光線將會(huì)離開地球，返回到太空，使地球變得寒冷，人類將無法居住?！揪浞ǚ治觥?1)without在本句中表示一個(gè)假設(shè)的條件，后面的主句中用“would＋do”表示對(duì)將來的虛擬，像這樣表假設(shè)條件的介詞還有butfor；連詞or,otherwise，它們引導(dǎo)的句子在英語中稱為含蓄條件句。①Without/Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavedoneitwell.沒有你的幫助我不會(huì)干得很好的。(2)leavingtheEarthcoldandimpossibletoliveon為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。②Footballisplayedinover80countries,makingitthemostpopularsportintheworld.在80多個(gè)國(guó)家里都有足球這項(xiàng)體育活動(dòng)，使它成為世界上最受歡迎的一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。③Theyhavebeendiscussingtheproblemfor2hours,reachingnoagreementatlast.他們對(duì)這個(gè)問題一直討論了兩個(gè)小時(shí)，最后也沒達(dá)成協(xié)議。13．Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance，________inthenaturallightduringtheday.A．tolet B．lettingC．let D．havinglet解析：選B?？疾楝F(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語；如選A表動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語，必須把題干中的逗號(hào)省略。2【教材原句】Giventhisdata，itseemsthatthelinkbetweenhumanactivitiesandrisingglobaltemperaturesisnotmerelyacoincidence.(P24)鑒于這些數(shù)據(jù)，好像人類活動(dòng)與正在升高的地球溫度之間的聯(lián)系并不僅僅是巧合。【句法分析】本句中g(shù)iven為介詞，意思為“鑒于……”(表示原因)。另外，它還可以表示假設(shè)，意為“倘若；假定”。①Giventhepresentconditions，Ithinkshe’sdoneratherwell.考慮到目前的條件，我認(rèn)為她已做得相當(dāng)出色。②Givenherinterestinchildren/Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren，Iamsureteachingistherightcareerforher.考慮到她喜歡孩子，我可以肯定教書是最適合她的職業(yè)。③Giventhechance，I’lldoitagain.如果有機(jī)會(huì)，我會(huì)再做一次。歸納拓展類似的還有regarding(關(guān)于，有關(guān))/considering(鑒于，考慮到)/concerning(關(guān)于，涉及)/provided/providing(假定)；judgingfrom...(根據(jù)……來判斷)等。④Consideringthestrengthoftheopposition，wedidverywelltoscoretwogoals.就對(duì)方的實(shí)力而論，我們能進(jìn)兩個(gè)球就很不錯(cuò)了。⑤Wedidmoreworkconcerningtheagingpopulation.我們關(guān)于老齡人口的工作進(jìn)一步開展。⑥Provided/Providingthepriceisright，we’llbuyeverythingyouproduce.倘若價(jià)格合適，我們將采購(gòu)你們的全部產(chǎn)品。14．________thatyouareright，wewon’tbeabletodoanythingaboutit.A．GivingB．ConsideredC．Given D．Seen解析：選C。句意：倘若你正確的話，我們就不能做任何事了。given在此意為“倘若”，后面可跟名詞、代詞和that從句。2【教材原句】...，Titanic，wasonitsmaidenvoyagefromSouthamptontoNewYorkCity，when_it_struck_an_icebergandsankabout153kmsouthofNewfoundland.(P17)……，泰坦尼克號(hào)在作首次航海，從南安普敦開往紐約城，突然間撞上冰山，在紐芬蘭島南153公里的地方沉船?！揪浞ǚ治觥縲henitstruckanicebergand...在此為時(shí)間狀語從句，when“這時(shí)，就在這時(shí)突然間……”，不可用while代替。①IwasthinkingofthiswhenIheardmynamecalled.我正想著這件事時(shí)，突然聽到有人叫我的名字。②Hewasonthepointofleavingwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.他剛要走就有人敲門。③Wehadhardlyfallenasleepwhenthebellrang.我們剛剛?cè)胨?，鈴聲就響了起來。歸納拓展15．完成句子Ihadjustgoneout________________________________________________________(這時(shí)風(fēng)就把門關(guān)上了)．答案：whenthewindhadthedoorclosed作文指導(dǎo)圖畫類作文【體裁導(dǎo)航】圖畫類的材料直觀、形象、生動(dòng)，具有很大的自由發(fā)揮空間，所以，近幾年一直是高考英語寫作題的考查形式。圖畫類材料的圖片可能是一幅或幾幅，也可能以漫畫形式出現(xiàn)；其寫作體裁更不固定，可以記敘，可以說明，也可以議論。但無論是何種形式，何種體裁，其寫作的過程及要求基本相同。1．認(rèn)真觀察圖片所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容或內(nèi)涵，分清圖與圖之間的關(guān)系，甚至要考慮到圖片表達(dá)的是何時(shí)、何地、什么人、什么事、過程和結(jié)果等。2．考慮用什么樣的體裁來寫(記敘、說明、議論都有可能)，從而確定你的寫作模式。是日記、通知，要注意其格式；是書信、E-mail，要注意其特定的要求或組成部分；是議論，則要把握好論點(diǎn)的設(shè)立，論據(jù)的選擇和論證的拓展等。3．文章的過渡詞、過渡段在圖畫類的書面表達(dá)中起著關(guān)鍵的“潤(rùn)滑”作用，可見，如何串點(diǎn)成文，整體劃一，關(guān)聯(lián)詞必不可少。4．如何開頭才能做到“先聲奪人”，怎樣結(jié)尾才能令人“回味無窮”，也是要通盤考慮的問題?！緦懽魇纠空?qǐng)仔細(xì)觀察以下五幅圖，根據(jù)圖中信息用英語寫一篇有關(guān)第三中學(xué)優(yōu)秀學(xué)生方芳的短文。要求：1.要點(diǎn)齊全，適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)；2.條理清晰，行文連貫；3.詞數(shù)：150左右?！緦懽饕I(lǐng)】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于看圖說話類。寫作時(shí)，首先看清要求，認(rèn)真審題，確定文體、人稱和時(shí)態(tài)。這是一篇故事性的記敘文，主體時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)為一般過去時(shí)，應(yīng)用第三人稱來寫。其次，通過對(duì)五幅圖的認(rèn)真觀察，得出故事的主要情節(jié)：一天夜里，風(fēng)刮得很大。方芳凌晨?jī)牲c(diǎn)鐘起床，趕到學(xué)校，把窗戶關(guān)好后回家。然后仔細(xì)觀察每一幅圖，注意圖畫之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，不放過每一處細(xì)節(jié)，如圖畫中鐘表的時(shí)間為兩點(diǎn)鐘。最后，根據(jù)以上的觀察和分析，開始用英文進(jìn)行寫作。寫作時(shí)注意不但要把每一幅圖的信息表達(dá)出來，還要注意圖畫之間的銜接，注意使用必要的連接詞并照顧到首尾呼應(yīng)?！窘瘘c(diǎn)模板】 第一幅和第二幅圖(兩幅圖可根據(jù)需要放在一起進(jìn)行描述)Onenight，atabout2o’clock，itbegantoblowoutside./Itwasat2o’clockintheearlymorningthatitbegantoblow.ThewindwassostrongthatthenoisewokeupFangFang.Thewindstuckthewindowopen，andshefeltabitcold.Sheknewaheavyrainwouldsoonthoughtofherclassroom.Shewonderedwhetherthestudentsondutyhadclosedthewindowsproperly.Shegotupandputonherclothes.第三幅圖Shedecidedtogooutrightawayandgettotheschoolbeforetheraincame.Sheopenedthedoorandrushedoutintothedarktotheschool.Ontheway，thestrongwindmadeitdifficultforhertogoforwardspiteofthis，sheranasfastaspossible，andfinallyshegottotheschool.第四幅圖Shehurriedtoherclassroomandopenedthedoor.Sheturnedonthelightsandfoundthatallthewindowswereopen.Thestrongwindmadeitdifficultforhertoshutupallthewasdifficultforherto.../Shemadegreateffortsto...Shemadesurethatallthewindowswereclosedproperly.第五幅圖Sheturnedoffthelightsandlefttheclassroom.Assoonasshegothome，therainstartedtopourdown.Nosoonerhadshegothomethantherainbegantopourdown.Hardlyhadshegothomewhentherainbegantopourdown.Upon/Ongettinghome，shefoundtherainbegantopourdown.【范文點(diǎn)評(píng)】①Itwasnearlyat2o’clockintheearlymorningthatthewindbegantoblowwassostrongthatthenoisewokeupFangFang.②Thewindblowingthroughthewindowsthatwerestruckopenmadeherfeelabitrealizedthataheavyrainwouldsoonarrive.③Suddenlyshethoughtofthewindowsintheclassroomandwonderedwhetherthestudentsondutyhadclosedthewindowsproperlyornot.④Withouthesitation，shebegantoputonherclothes，openedthedoorandrushedoutintothedarktoherschool.⑤Ontheway，thestrongwindmadeitdifficultforhertogoforward.Inspiteofthis，sheranasfastaspossibleandfinallymanagedtogettotheschoolbeforetheraincame.⑥Shehurriedtoherclassroom，turnedonthelights，andfoundthatsomeofthewindowswereopen.⑦Shemadegreateffortstoshutupallthewindowsonebyone，fightingagainsttheheavywind.⑧Aftermakingsurethatallthewindowswereproperlyclo