研究生英語(yǔ)-第4單元1省名師優(yōu)質(zhì)課賽課獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件市賽課百校聯(lián)賽優(yōu)質(zhì)課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

EnglishReadingandTranslation1/372Unit4

ScienceandTechnology

2/37Warming-upExercises

Directions:Matchinventorsin

ColumnAwithinventionsinColumnBonp.96ofthetextbook.

3/371)TimBerners-Lee(England)→2)AlexanderGrahamBell(US,borninScotland)→3)WilburWrightandOrvilleWright(US)→4)ThomasAlvaEdison(US)→5)CaiLun(China)→6)AlexanderFleming(England)→7)LeoBaekeland(US,borninBelgium)→8)ChesterFloydCarlson(US)→9)WilhelmConradvonR?ntgen(Germany)→10)WillisCarrier(US)→

g.theWorldWideWebd.telephonei.airplaneh.electriclightbulbc.papera.penicilline.plasticsj.xerographyb.X-rayf.air-conditioner4/37

NowChoosetwooftheinventionsandtalkabouttheirimportance.

5/37IsGoogleMakingUsStupid?ReadingFocus6/37Watchashortvideoandfillinthefollowingparagraphwiththeinformationyou’vegotfromthevideo.BackgroundInformation7/37Sixsimplelettersonaplainwhitepage–that’sthefaceof__________________________________intheworld,revered,envied,andsometimesscorned.Google’scofoundersSergeyBrinandLarryPagestartedthecompanyasgradstudents_________.Ithasmadethem_______________.Todaytheystandatopanempirecastintheirownimage,____________,ambitious,andoften_____________.Itisacompanylikenoother,__________onlonghours,toomuchcoffee,andsomethingquiteelusive–genius.

themostpowerfultechnologycompanyin1998astoundinglyrichaudaciouscontroversial

thriving8/371. OverthepastfewyearsI’vehadanuncomfortablesensethatsomeone,orsomething,hasbeentinkeringwithmybrain,remappingtheneuralcircuitry,reprogrammingthememory.Mymindisn’tgoing—sofarasIcantell—butit’schanging.I’mnotthinkingthewayIusedtothink.IcanfeelitmoststronglywhenI’mreading.Immersingmyselfinabookoralengthyarticleusedtobeeasy.Mymindwouldgetcaughtupinthenarrativeortheturnsoftheargument,andI’dspendhoursstrollingthroughlongstretchesofprose.That’srarelythecaseanymore.Nowmyconcentrationoftenstartstodriftaftertwoorthreepages.Igetfidgety,losethethread,beginlookingforsomethingelsetodo.IfeelasifI’malwaysdraggingmywaywardbrainbacktothetext.Thedeepreadingthatusedtocomenaturallyhasbecomeastruggle.9/372. IthinkIknowwhat’sgoingon.Formorethanadecadenow,I’vebeenspendingalotoftimeonline,searchingandsurfingandsometimesaddingtothegreatdatabasesoftheInternet.TheWebhasbeenagodsendtomeasawriter.Researchthatoncerequireddaysinthestacksorperiodicalroomsoflibrariescannowbedoneinminutes.AfewGooglesearches,somequickclicksonhyperlinks,andI’vegotthetelltalefactorpithyquoteIwasafter.EvenwhenI’mnotworking,I’maslikelyasnottobeforagingintheWeb’sinfo-thickets’readingandwritinge-mails,scanningheadlinesandblogposts,watchingvideosandlisteningtopodcasts,orjusttrippingfromlinktolinktolink.(Unlikefootnotes,towhichthey’resometimeslikened,hyperlinksdon’tmerelypointtorelatedworks;theypropelyoutowardthem.)10/373. Forme,asforothers,theNetisbecomingauniversalmedium,theconduitformostoftheinformationthatflowsthroughmyeyesandearsandintomymind.Theadvantagesofhavingimmediateaccesstosuchanincrediblyrichstoreofinformationaremany,andthey’vebeenwidelydescribedanddulyapplauded.“Theperfectrecallofsiliconmemory,”Wired’sCliveThompsonhaswritten,“canbeanenormousboontothinking.”Tobecontinued...11/37

Butthatbooncomesataprice.AsthemediatheoristMarshallMcLuhanpointedoutinthe1960s,mediaarenotjustpassivechannelsofinformation.Theysupplythestuffofthought,buttheyalsoshapetheprocessofthought.AndwhattheNetseemstobedoingischippingawayatmycapacityforconcentrationandcontemplation.MymindnowexpectstotakeininformationthewaytheNetdistributesit:inaswiftlymovingstreamofparticles.OnceIwasascubadiverintheseaofwords.NowIzipalongthesurfacelikeaguyonaJetSki.12/374. I’mnottheonlyone.WhenImentionmytroubleswithreadingtofriendsandacquaintances—literarytypes,mostofthem—manysaythey’rehavingsimilarexperiences.ThemoretheyusetheWeb,themoretheyhavetofighttostayfocusedonlongpiecesofwriting.SomeofthebloggersIfollowhavealsobegunmentioningthephenomenon.ScottKarp,whowritesablogaboutonlinemedia,recentlyconfessedthathehasstoppedreadingbooksaltogether.“Iwasalitmajorincollege,andusedtobe[a]voraciousbookreader,”hewrote.“Whathappened?”Hespeculatesontheanswer:“WhatifIdoallmyreadingonthewebnotsomuchbecausethewayIreadhaschanged,i.e.I’mjustseekingconvenience,butbecausethewayITHINKhaschanged?”13/375. BruceFriedman,whoblogsregularlyabouttheuseofcomputersinmedicine,alsohasdescribedhowtheInternethasalteredhismentalhabits.“Inowhavealmosttotallylosttheabilitytoreadandabsorbalongisharticleontheweborinprint,”hewroteearlierthisyear.ApathologistwhohaslongbeenonthefacultyoftheUniversityofMichiganMedicalSchool,Friedmanelaboratedonhiscommentinatelephoneconversationwithme.Histhinking,hesaid,hastakenona“staccato”quality,reflectingthewayhequicklyscansshortpassagesoftextfrommanysourcesonline.“Ican’treadWarandPeace

anymore,”headmitted.“I’velosttheabilitytodothat.Evenablogpostofmorethanthreeorfourparagraphsistoomuchtoabsorb.Iskimit.”14/37thatsomeone,…,hasbeentinkeringwithmybrain(Para.1)tinker:v.Tomakeunskilledorexperimentaleffortsatrepair;fiddle;n.theactionoftinkere.g.tinkeringwiththeeconomybytryingvariousfiscalpoliciese.g.Ihadatinkeratyourradio,butIcan'tmendit.我把你收音機(jī)修了一下,但沒(méi)修好.tinker:n.

小爐匠，補(bǔ)鍋匠notcareatinker’sdam/cuss

毫不在意，毫不在意e.g.Hedoesn’tcareatinker’sdamaboutyouridea.15/37Immersingmyselfinabookoralengthyarticleusedtobeeasy.Mymindwouldgetcaughtupinthenarrativeortheturnsoftheargument,….(Para.1)immerse…in:1)Lit.tosubmergesomeoneorsomethingbeneaththesurfaceofaliquid;tosoaksomeoneorsth.inaliquid.e.g.Thepreacherimmersedthebaptismcandidateinthewater.e.g.Sheimmersedherselfinthebathwater.Moretodo16/372)Fig.tosaturateorsteepsomeoneoragroupininformationorsometypeofinstruction.e.g.TheteacherswillimmersetheentireclassinnothingbuttheSpanishlanguage,dayafterday.e.g.沉醉于享樂(lè)：immerseinpleasureTheywereimmersedthemselvesintheconversationinthecorner.17/37be/getcaughtupwith:tobegetinvolvedinsth.,esp.sth.bade.g.那時(shí)我正同瓊斯太大談得很起勁。

JustthenIwascaughtupinconversationwithMrs.Jones.

catchupwith:追上，趕上e.g.Oldageandinfirmityhadbeguntocatchupwithhim.

可別再讓恐懼迷了你心竅。

Nowdonotletyourfearcatchupwithyou.18/37Here,theauthoristalkingabouthispastexperience.Forexample,heusedtobeeasilyabsorbedinabookoralongarticle.Hisattentionwouldalsobedrawntothenarrative,complexargumentsandlongprose.19/37IfeelasifI’malwaysdraggingmywaywardbrainbacktothetext.(Para.1)wayward:adj.behavingbadly,inawaythatisdifficulttocontrole.g.awaywarddispositione.g.Manyofhisearlypoemswereportraitsoflonely,wayward,confused,insecuremen.

他早期許多詩(shī)寫孤獨(dú)、任性、迷惑，缺乏安全感人。

Toparaphrase:ItseemsthatIhavetoforcemyselftoconcentrateonthetext,sincemybrainoftendriftfromit.20/37TheWebhasbeenagodsendtomeasawriter.(Para.2)Ifyoudescribesomethingasagodsend,youareemphasizingthatithelpsyouverymuch.e.g.1)Thehotweatherhasbeenagodsendforice-creamsellers.2)正當(dāng)我們需要人時(shí)候,在那里找到了他,這真是天公作美。Itwasagodsendtohavehimtherejustwhenweneededsomeone.21/37Afewgogglesearches,somequickclicksonhyperlinks,.(Para.2)hyper:1)Over;above;beyond:e.g.hypercharge

hypertext2).Excessive;excessively:e.g.hypercritical

hypermarket:

HTML超荷性超文本吹毛求疵大型超級(jí)市場(chǎng)超文本標(biāo)識(shí)語(yǔ)言(HyperTextMarkLanguage)22/37I’maslikelyasnottobeforagingintheWeb’sinfo-thickets….(Para.2)(as)likelyasnot:probably,aslikeasnote.g.Shedidn'tusuallyworkallnight,butshewasaslikelyasnottobeatthelabatanygiventime.汽油價(jià)格可能很快就要上漲。Aslikelyasnot,thepriceofpetrolwillsoongoup.23/37forage(around)(forsth.):v.tosearchforsomething,especiallysomethingtoeat.

搜尋e.g.Iwillgotothekitchenandforagearoundforsomecereal.

Therabbitsgotintothegardentoforageforagoodmeal.AndToprovideforageforlivestockforage:Foodfordomesticanimals;fodder草料；搜尋Moretodo24/37I’maslikelyasnottobeforagingintheWeb’sinfo-thickets…Toparaphrase:Probably,IwillimmersemyselfintheseaofinformationontheInternetandtrytofindsth.Totranslate:我很可能在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)信息叢林里搜尋我很有可能在信息豐富網(wǎng)絡(luò)里遨游25/37Unlikefootnotes,towhichthey’resometimeslikened,hyperlinksdon’tmerelypointtorelatedworks;theypropelyoutowardthem.(Para.2)liken…to…:tosaythatsomeoneorsomethingissimilartoanotherpersonorthing

把……比作e.g.Thatcalculatingmachinecanbelikenedtoahumanbrain.生命被比作是終點(diǎn)未知旅程。Lifeislikenedtoajourneywithanunknowndestination.26/37Theadvantages…aremany,andthey’vebeenwidelydescribedanddulyapplauded.(Para.3)duly:intheproperorexpectedway；atthepropertime

適當(dāng)?shù)?，恰?dāng)?shù)兀话磿r(shí)地e.g.Thesundulyrose.Thecarriagethathehadordereddulyarrived.Agroupofmenwerechargedconspiringagainstthedulyelectedgovernment.

27/37AndwhattheNetseemstobedoingischippingawayatmycapacityforconcentrationandcontemplation.(Para.3)chipawayat:tograduallymakesomethinglesseffectiveordestroyit（逐步）減弱；破壞e.g.Thesenewcustomsarechippingawayatthequalityoflife.Itsaimistochipawayatyourfeelingsofself-worthandindependence.WhetherGooglecanchipawayatMicrosoft'sdominanceinthemarketremainsunclear.28/37OnceIwasascubadiverintheseaofwords.NowIzipalongthesurfacelikeaguyonaJetSki.(Para.3)zipalong:togosomewhereordosomethingveryquickly

飛速地做某事（到某地）e.g.Thesenewtrainsreallyzipalong.Afteraslowbegin,theplayfairlyzipalonginthesecondact.

Moretodo29/37OnceIwasascubadiverintheseaofwords.NowIzipalongthesurfacelikeaguyonaJetSki.(Para.3)

ThesetwosentencesimplythatIusedtohavealikingfordeepreadingwhereasItendtoskimandscanforinformationwhilereadingnow.Totranslate:曾經(jīng)我是文字海洋中潛水者，現(xiàn)在我則如同摩托艇騎手在海面上風(fēng)馳電掣。30/37“Whathappened?”Hespeculatesontheanswer:“WhatifIdoallmyreadingonthewebnotsomuchbecausethewayIreadhaschanged,i.e.I’mjustseekingconvenience,butbecausethewayITHINKhaschanged?”(Para.4)

speculateon/about:tothinkortalkaboutthepossiblecausesoreffectsofsomething,withoutknowingallthefactsordetails

推測(cè)，猜測(cè)e.g.Scientistsspeculateontheoriginoftheuniverse.請(qǐng)不要猜測(cè)我私生活。Pleasedonotspeculateonmyprivatelife.n.speculation;adj.speculative

Moretodo31/37“notsomuchbecause…,butbecause:并不是因?yàn)椤?，而是因?yàn)椤璭.g.Idonatedthemoneynotsomuchbecauseshowing-off,butbecausemyconscience.WhatifIdoallmyreadingonthewebnotsomuchbecausethewayIreadhaschanged,i.e.I’mjustseekingconvenience,butbecausethewayITHINKhaschanged?Totranslate:假如對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，經(jīng)過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)來(lái)閱讀真正理由與其說(shuō)是我閱讀方式發(fā)生了改變，比如，我只是圖個(gè)方便，不如說(shuō)是我思維方式在發(fā)生改變，那么我該怎么辦呢？32/37ApathologistwhohaslongbeenonthefacultyoftheUniversity….,Friedmanelaboratedonhiscommentinatelephoneconversationwithme.(Para.5)

faculty:Ifsomebodyisonthefacultyofaparticular