第1講：語言發(fā)展史及基本術(shù)語

Warm-upHel-lo-ohSmellfeastgymnasiumCaesarCaesarbirthramenYuHangyuanDoyouknowthem?“Withoutgrammarverylittlecanbeconveyed,withoutvocabularynothingcanbeconveyed.”--ByD.WilkinsEnglishLexicology

InstructedbyPsychelexico-:ofwords-ology:thestudyofsthlexicology:thestudyofwordsfuturologyzoologyapologyCanyougivemorewordswith“-ology”？BioecologyCancerologyCharacterologyCriminologyDialectologyEmbryologyMethodologyPekingologyDefinition

Lexicologyisasubbranchoflinguisticsdealingwiththevocabularyofagivenlanguage.Itembracesotheracademicdisciplinessuchasmorphology,semantics,etymology,stylistics,lexicography.Morphologystudiestheformoftheword,Etymologystudiesthehistoryoftheword,Semanticsstudiesthemeaningoftheword,Stylisticsstudiesthestyleoftheword,Lexicographystudiesthemakingofdictionaries.ContentsoftheCourseMorphology:wordformation構(gòu)詞法Semantics:senserelations詞義關(guān)系Etymology:changeofmeaning詞義變遷Stylistics:idioms英語習(xí)語Lexicography:

dictionaries英語詞典BooksoftheCourseEvaluationAttendance(15%)Participation(15%)Exam(70%)Alead-inClassPartI:thehistoryoflanguageandEnglishPartII:basicconceptsinLexicologyTheOriginofLanguage1)Beliefindivinecreation2)NaturalevolutionhypothesisThe"pooh-pooh"hypothesisThe"yo-he-ho"hypothesisTheWarninghypothesisThe"ding-dong"hypothesisonomatopoeia

iconicity(similarity)[kr?u][hu:t;hut]

[gr?nt]

5651

languagesroughly300languagefamiliesChinese:Sino-Tibetan1、結(jié)繩說2、倉頡造字說3、圖畫說(學(xué))(家)(射)(放)English:Indo-European1)ThePre-historiccivilization(3000and2000BC)

2)TheCelticcivilization(6th–2ndctsBC)Thefirstinhabitants:Celts=Britons<LLanguage:Celtic=British<L3)RomanInvasion:asaRomancolony（55B.C.-410）Language:Latin4)TheGermanicInvasion(410)3tribes:Angles,Saxons,JutesLanguage:EngliscThreeperiodsofEnglishOldEnglish/Anglo-SaxonEnglish(450-1100AD)

Englisc:basicwordstockLatin:republic,school,gymnasium,candle,altar,amenDanish:window,birth,they,their,egg,leg50,000-60,000wordsMiddleEnglish(1100-1500AD)French:theNormanConquest(1066)State,power,prince,judge,court,crime,battleModernEnglish(1500-present)LatinGreekOthermainlanguages(BourgeoisRevolutionandWWII)RenaissanceOver1,000,000wordsEnglishasamelting-potEnglishFrenchLatinAskQuestionInterrogateFireFlameConflagrationRiseMountAscendTimeAgeEpochShutCloseConcludeInformalformalPartII:basicconceptsinLexicologyWordMorphemeAllomorphRootWordthedefinitionofawordcomprisesthefollowingpoints：AminimalfreeformofalanguageAsoundunityAunitofmeaningAformthatcanfunctionaloneinasentenceCompare:Bookbooksbookishbookcasebook+sbook+ishbook+caseToleratetolerancetoleranttolerationtolerableintolerableToler+atetoler+ancetoler+anttoler+ationtoler+ablein+toler+ableWordsarecomposedofmorphemes.Morphemethesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitoflanguage,