英語四級作文寫作技巧省名師優(yōu)質(zhì)課賽課獲獎?wù)n件市賽課一等獎?wù)n件

LectureofWriting第1頁LectureArrangement考評要求大學(xué)英語四級作文評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語寫作困境與對策四級寫作中怎樣選詞四級寫作中怎樣造句四級作文慣用句型四級寫作怎樣組段歷年作文題型分析寫作小結(jié)第2頁2一、考評要求四·六級大學(xué)英語寫作考試時間均為30分鐘，分值占總分15%。四級要求考生寫出一篇不少于120詞短文，試卷上可能給出題目，或要求情景，或要求看圖作文，或給出段首句要求續(xù)寫;或給出關(guān)鍵詞要求寫成短文。要求能夠正確表示思想，意義連貫，無重大語法錯誤。寫作內(nèi)容包含日常生活和普通常識。短文寫作部分目標(biāo)是測試學(xué)生利用英語書面表示思想初步能力。第3頁3二、大學(xué)英語四級作文評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)首先，卷面一定要清楚、潔凈、整齊。不要亂涂亂畫，若有刪節(jié)，在文字中間畫道橫線第二，段落按要求寫，要求寫幾段就寫幾段。普通情況下，中間一段長，開首段和結(jié)尾段較短，讓人第一感覺就是內(nèi)容充實。第三，開好頭，結(jié)好尾。第四，按要求字?jǐn)?shù)寫，能夠比要求字?jǐn)?shù)稍微多一點。字?jǐn)?shù)少了給人感覺是缺乏內(nèi)容，字?jǐn)?shù)太多了，文章顯得繁瑣，閱卷老師心理會煩，你分?jǐn)?shù)會受影響。第4頁4詳細評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：2分――條理不清，思緒紊亂，語言支離破碎或大部分句子都有錯誤，但多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯誤。5分――基本切題。表示思想不清楚，連貫性差。有較多嚴(yán)重語言錯誤。8分－－基本切題。有些地方表示思想不夠清楚，文字勉強連貫；語言錯誤相當(dāng)多，其中有一些是嚴(yán)重錯誤。11分――切題。表示思想清楚、文字連貫，但有少許語言錯誤。14分――切題。表示思想清楚、文字通順，連貫性很好，基本上無語言錯誤，僅有個別小錯誤。②只寫一段者：0～4分；只寫兩段者：0～9分(按要求寫三段作文)第5頁5三、英語寫作困境與對策第6頁一、滔滔不絕“意識流”有一部分考生在考試時一見到作文題，便感到很對自己胃口，以為有很多內(nèi)容要寫。于是乎千言萬語涌上心頭，寫著前一句想著后一句。往往前句還未寫完便接上了后一句，辛辛勞苦寫了一大堆（甚至有寫11個自然段）猶覺余意未盡。結(jié)果令判卷老師頭疼不己，無法繼續(xù)往下看。意識流創(chuàng)作有兩種表現(xiàn)：①自由分段

②語言雜亂第7頁我們不妨把作文要求量化到每一個段落：一篇120詞左右作文普通不會超出12句話，把這12句話依據(jù)題目要求分配到各段中去，每一段大約只說那么幾句話，絕不多說。實際上往往是說得越多，錯誤越多。所以，跟著提要走，每一段不要寫得太多，點到為止，見好就收，這才是最穩(wěn)妥對策。對策:第8頁8二、真情流露沒必要考試時，監(jiān)考老師通常發(fā)覺有考生坐在那里根本就是在玩深沉，他在那里思索人生偉大哲理；他在那里要想出一個觀點，想出一個理由，想出一個辦法，非要顯得與眾不一樣。陷入這種境地考生，顯然犯了一個根本性錯誤。參考時間為40分鐘作文，普通應(yīng)該在35分鐘之內(nèi)完成，再用幾分鐘時間檢驗語言錯誤。不論原因也好，辦法也好，某一考生想到任何一點，很可能命題人早已料到，而且必定會被成千上萬考生重復(fù)無數(shù)遍。因而曾經(jīng)令自己激動一時想法，在判卷老師看來全無感覺。要求式作文拓展空間原來就非常有限，所以“真情流露”是沒有必要。第9頁9對策：寫作三個角度：語言第一位；結(jié)構(gòu)第二位；內(nèi)容第三位要求：結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，語言卓越，內(nèi)容只要相關(guān)即可第10頁10三、用詞貧乏，句式單一

許多考生作文錯誤倒不多，相當(dāng)符合語法要求，但用詞貧乏，過多使用如moreandmore,Ithink,asyouknow等表示，而且句子結(jié)構(gòu)過于簡單。統(tǒng)計結(jié)果表明，差作文中簡單句多，而好作文簡單句少；差作文從句、連詞、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)頻率大大低于好作文；差作文中關(guān)鍵詞和同義表示出現(xiàn)頻率低于好作文。用詞豐富和句式多樣應(yīng)該主要經(jīng)過多看好文章，仔細琢磨好文章中用詞和句子來提升。換句話說，也就是要從閱讀中學(xué)習(xí)寫作。第11頁11對策:少用垃圾詞匯垃圾詞匯1:help經(jīng)典例句:I'llhelpyou.替換語accomodateE.g:I"llendeavourtoaccomodateyou.垃圾詞匯2:helpful經(jīng)典例句:Sthishelpful(tosb)替換語conducive有利于E.gSthisconducivetosb垃圾詞匯3:show經(jīng)典例句:asitshowsinthepicture替換語betray第12頁12垃圾詞匯4:think經(jīng)典例句:ithink--------替換語deem，harbortheideathat垃圾詞匯5:because經(jīng)典例句:xxxbecausexxx替換語inthat/inasmuchas垃圾詞匯6:about經(jīng)典例句:itisabout250timesofthat替換語itisapproximately---垃圾詞匯7:if替換語provided，supposing第13頁四級寫作中怎樣選詞第14頁ComparetheFollowingSentencesWeshould

use

different

waystogettoknowthesociety.Weoughtto

makeuseof

various

methodstogettoknowthesociety.Wearesupposedto

takeadvantageof

diverse

meanstogettoknowthesociety.第15頁15選詞基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)盡可能用四級范圍內(nèi)主動,活躍，慣用詞或詞組。盡可能用表示最貼切,最生動,最有力詞或短語。盡可能用最符合所寫話題,所用文體詞或表示。第16頁16四級考生在措詞方面存在問題：1、可供“調(diào)遣”詞匯量貧乏，用詞大部分局限于中學(xué)詞匯。比如，我們一提到“主要”，大多數(shù)同學(xué)首先會想到“important”這個單詞，那么提升一下話就能夠想到它以下同義詞：significant,vital,crucial,critical，etc第17頁172、表示相近意義時，常重復(fù)用一個詞，用詞單調(diào)。Eg.Big

=great,large,huge,vast,titanic,enormousetc.第18頁18策略

1、調(diào)動大學(xué)期間學(xué)過更生動，更豐富詞匯表示意思。Eg.引發(fā)、造成Cause,leadto,resultin,bringabout,giverise/birthto第19頁192、用詳細，生動，有針對性詞語。Eg.利用Use,makeuseof,make(good,effective,wide,wise,full)useofsth,take(full)advantageof第20頁203、文中如需要屢次表示同一詞義時，以同義詞，近義詞等防止重復(fù)使用同一詞。Eg.適應(yīng)…Adaptto,adjustto,make…fit,getusedto,beaccustomedto第21頁21實例賞析第22頁ComputerandIIneverforgettheveryexcitingdaywhenmymotherboughtmeacomputerasbirthdaypresent,whichinterestedmesothatIindulgedmyselfinsearchingalotofusefulinformationIhadexpected,andenjoyedalotofpleasingclassicmusic.ThatnightIwassleepless,feelingthatthewholeworldbelongedtome.第23頁ComputerandIIneverforgettheexceedinglythrillingdaywhenmymotherboughtmeacomputerasbirthdaypresent,whichexertedatremendousfascinationonmesothatIindulgedmyselfingoogling

anarmyofusefulinformationIhadexpected,andenjoyaseaofmelodiousclassicmusic.ThatnightIwassleepless,feelingthatthewholeworldbelongedtome.

第24頁exceedingly替換verythrilling替換excitingsth.exertatremendousfascinationonsb替換sb.beinterestedinsth.谷歌替換searchanarmyof替換alotof

第25頁

Forastart,wecan,freely,searchdesiredinformationatanymoment.Littlebylittle,ourknowledgewillbewellenriched,andourhorizonswillbegreatlybroadened.

Additionally,wecangethugerecreationsonlinebychatting,playinggames,ordeliveringemail.

第26頁Forastart替換TobeginwithWecan,freely,search用了插入語寫作手法ourknowledgewillbewellenriched,andourhorizonswillbegreatlybroadened.用了非常精彩被動Additionally替換Inaddition/BesidesDeliver替換send

第27頁

Thereisnodenyingthat,however,computerscanfunctioninthedisserviceofhumanbeings,inaway,especiallythegrowingviolence,***,pornpictures,AV-filmsemergingonthescreen,whichleadsquietafewnetcitizenstocopying.

第28頁Thereisnodenyingthat,however,computerscanfunctioninthedisserviceofhumanbeings,這個句子有三個精彩之處，首先Thereisnodenyingthat這個句型，還有however作為插入語，functioninthedisserviceof替換doharmtoEmerging代替appearing(fading代替disappearing)Netcitizen網(wǎng)民，屬于精彩用詞

第29頁

Asaclassicproverbgoesthatnogardenhasnoweeds.Computersdoplayapositiveroleinthedevelopmentofpeople'lives,despiteasliceof

unfavorableimpacts.Weshould,therefore,takeadvantageofthefruitsandavoidtheoppositefacet.

第30頁Nogardenhasnoweeds替換EverycoinhastwosidesComputersdoplay，do強調(diào)Positive替換important/good等Asliceof替換apartofUnfavorable替換badImpacts替換effects/influencesWeshould,therefore,takeadvantageof…使用插入語Fruits(而且fruits用非常形象，merits/virtues)替換advantage(defects替換disadvantage)Facet替換aspect第31頁29個最經(jīng)典替換詞第32頁1.individuals,characters,folks代替(people,persons)2.positive,favorable,rosy(美好)，promising(有希望)，perfect,pleasurable,excellent,outstanding代替good3.dreadful,unfavorable,poor,adverse(有害)代替bad假如bad做表語，能夠有belessimpressive代替eg.Anarmyofcollegestudentsindulgethemselvesinplayinggames,enjoyingromancewithgirls/boysorkillingtimepassivelyintheirdorms.Whenitapproachestograduation,asaresult,theyfindtheiracademicrecordsarelessimpressive.第33頁4.(anarmyof,anoceanof,aseaof,amultitudeof,many,ifnotmost)代替many.注：用many,ifnotmost一定要小心，many后一定要有詞。Eg.Manyindividuals,ifnotmost,harbortheideathat….同理用most,ifnotall,代替most.5:asliceof,quietafew,several代替some

第34頁6:harbortheideathat,taketheattitudethat,holdtheviewthat,itiswidelysharedthat,itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat)替think(因為是書面語，所以要加that)7:affair,business,matter代替thing8:shared代common9.reaphugefruits代替getmuchbenefit10:formypart,frommyownperspective代替inmyopinion第35頁11:Increasingly),growing代替moreandmore。所以當(dāng)修飾名詞時用increasing/growing.修飾形容詞，副詞用increasingly(注意沒有g(shù)rowingly這種形式.Eg.sthhasgainedgrowingpopularity.Sthisincreasinglypopularwiththeadvancementofsth.12.littleifanything,或littleornothing代替hardly13..benefitialrewarding代替helpful14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser,代替customer15.exceedingly,extremely代替very第36頁16.hardlyunnecessary,hardlyinevitable...代替necessary,inevitable17.sthappealstosb,sthexertsatremendousfascinationonsb代替sbtakeinterestin18.captureone‘sattention代替attractone'sattention.19.facet,dimension,sphere代aspect20.beindicativeof,besuggestiveof,befearfulof代indicate,suggest,fear第37頁21.giveriseto,leadto,resultin,trigger代替cause.22.Thereareseveralreasonsbehindsth代替..reasonsforsth23.desire代替want.24.pourattentioninto代替payattentionto25.bearinmindthat代替remember第38頁26.enjoy,possess代替have(注意process是過程意思)27.interaction代替communication28.frownonsth代替beagainst,disagreewithsth29.tonameonlyafew,asanexample代替forexample

第39頁四級寫作中怎樣造句

第40頁善用詞組

假如我們能夠在單詞基礎(chǔ)上，深入想到與之同義詞組，那么文章就會顯得與眾不一樣，更含有英語味道。比如上面所說“主要”這個單詞，當(dāng)我們想到important時候，假如從語法角度再稍加考慮一下，我們會想到“beofimportance”。因為，語法中要求：形容詞等于of加這個形容詞名詞形式。假如再提升一步，我們還學(xué)過一個慣用詞組叫做“playanimportantrolein---”。第41頁41句型多樣簡單句，并列句和復(fù)合句交替使用，靈活使用各種句子結(jié)構(gòu)如：插入語，倒裝句，強調(diào)句，非謂語動詞，疑問句等。若要寫好作文，要寫好句子，首先要掌握句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句式改變及句子類型，可經(jīng)過對泛讀課文經(jīng)典句子背誦提升應(yīng)用語言基本句型能力。要善于模仿。Imitationisagoodwaytolearn.第42頁42適當(dāng)用代替主動，這么能更客觀反應(yīng)事實,句子開頭不要總是用we/I(比如寫結(jié)尾時不用weshouldpayattentionto而用Attentionshouldbepaidto.)舉個經(jīng)典結(jié)尾年六月四級作文最終一段：Itis,therefore,hightimethatsomeapplicableapproacheswereimplementedbytheserviceindustrylikethat.Thus，itscompetitiveedgewillbesharpenedeffectively.

被動句第43頁43Overthepastcoupleofyears,severalcasesofthefoodscandalhavebeendisclosedonvariousmedia.

Promptandstrictmeasuresshouldbetakentoturnbackthiseviltrend.

Indeed,oneoutoffivestudentsisestimatedtobeinpossessionofatleastonecreditcard,andthefigureisexpectedtobeonthesteadyincrese,

第44頁插入語一個是有兩個逗號之間引發(fā)成份稱之為插入語第二種是有兩個半破折號引發(fā)成份稱之為插入語。Jinan,theSpringCity,isafamoustouristcity.Otherpeoplemaygiveusinstrumentalsupport—financialaid,materialresources,andneededservices—thatreducesstressbyhelpingusresolveandcopewithourproblems.第45頁45比如說把副詞、連接詞等，作插入語放在中間，普通放在主語后、動詞或者助動詞前，兩邊分別加上逗號。如however/therefore/forexample/Ibelieve做插入語放在中間，普通放在動詞，助動詞前，兩邊分別加上逗號。比如說：Otherindividuals,however,taketheattitudethat…

第46頁46倒裝倒裝是我們寫作中需要用到。即使略顯俗套，不過卻是很能滿足閱卷人主觀感受。慣用倒裝形式有以下幾個：第47頁47Only+時間狀語Ex:Onlywhenallofusjoinintheeffortsofeliminatingcheatingatalllevelscanweexpecttohaveacleanersocietyandamorebeautifulfuture.Only+介詞詞組Ex:Onlybyplanninghistimecarefullycanheimproveefficiencyandmakeachievements第48頁48否定詞位于句首（hardlywhen;never;notonly---,butalso---;seldom，scarcely,rarely）在我一生當(dāng)中極難碰到這么人Ex:SeldominmylifehaveImetsuchakind-heartedman.地點方位名詞位于句首

Ex:InnootherplaceintheworldcanonefindsuchenthusiasmforapplyingforhostingtheOlympicGames.第49頁49修辭

不論是漢語寫作還是英語寫作，修辭其實非常主要。它是作者寫作功底詳細事例地展現(xiàn)。所謂修辭包含比喻、擬人、排比等等。這里僅舉一個比喻例子，還是拿“主要”來舉例。當(dāng)你用完詞組之后，假如你用上下面比喻句子，則文章就會顯得神采飛揚，試比較：第50頁50Thebicycleisimportantforus.Thebicycleisofimportanceforus.Thebicycleplaysanimportantroleinourlife.Thebicycle,environmentalfriendlyvehicle,playsanimportantroleinourlife.Thebicycleisliketheair,water,andsunshineandcannotbepartedwithamomentinourlife.第51頁51四級作文慣用句型

第52頁沒有比…更…Nothingis+more+形容詞+thanto+V例句：沒有比接收教育更主要事。Nothingismoreimportantthantoreceiveeducation.第53頁53再怎么強調(diào)...主要性也不為過。~~~cannotemphasizetheimportanceof~~~toomuch.例句：我們再怎么強調(diào)保護眼睛主要性也不為過。Wecannotemphasizetheimportanceofprotectingoureyestoomuch.第54頁54不可否定...Thereisnodenyingthat+S+V...例句：不可否定，我們生活品質(zhì)已經(jīng)每況愈下。Thereisnodenyingthatthequalitiesofourlivinghavegonefrombadtoworse.

第55頁55全世界都知道...Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat+句子~~例句：全世界都知道樹木對我們是不可或缺。Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthattreesareindispensabletous.

第56頁56毫無疑問...Thereisnodoubtthat+句子~~例句：毫無疑問我們教育制度令人不滿意。Thereisnodoubtthatoureducationalsystemleavessomethingtobedesired.

第57頁57...原因是...Thereasonwhy+句子~~~isthat+句子例句：我們必須種樹原因是它們能供給我們新鮮空氣。Thereasonwhywehavetogrowtreesisthattheycanprovideuswithfreshair.Thereasonwhywehavetogrowtreesisthattheycansupplyfreshairforus.

第58頁58即使...Adj+as+Subject（主詞）+be,S+V~~~

例句：即使我們國家富有，我們生活品質(zhì)絕對令人不滿意。Richasourcountryis,thequalitiesofourlivingarebynomeanssatisfactory.

{bynomeans=innoway=onnoaccount一點也不}第59頁59愈...愈...The+~er+S+V,~~~the+~er+S+V~~~Moreandmore=anincreasingnumberof例句：你愈努力，你愈進步。Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyoumake.

第60頁60我們絕對不能...Onnoaccountcanwe+V~~~

例句：我們絕對不能忽略知識價值。Onnoaccountcanweignorethevalueofknowledge.

第61頁61該是...時候了Itistime+S+過去式例句：該是相關(guān)當(dāng)局采取適當(dāng)辦法來處理交通問題時候了。

Itistimetheauthoritiesconcernedtookproperstepstosolvethetrafficproblems.第62頁62沒有些人不...Thereisnoonebut~~~例句：沒有些人不渴望上大學(xué)。Thereisnoonebutlongstogotocollege.第63頁63不得不...be+forced/compelled/obliged+to+V例句：既然考試迫在眉睫，我不得不放棄做運動。Sincetheexaminationisaroundthecorner,Iamcompelledtogiveupdoingsports.

第64頁64可想而知、顯著、顯然Itisconceivablethat+句子

Itisobviousthat+句子

Itisapparentthat+句子例句：可想而知，知識在我們一生中飾演一個主要角色。Itisconceivablethatknowledgeplaysanimportantroleinourlife.第65頁65過去...年來，...一直...Forthepast+時間，S+現(xiàn)在完成式...例句：過去兩年來，我一直忙著準(zhǔn)備考試。Forthepasttwoyears,Ihavebeenbusypreparingfortheexamination.

第66頁66...是值得Itpaysto+V~~~例句：幫助他人是值得。Itpaystohelpothers.

第67頁67不遺余力Sparenoeffortto+V

我們應(yīng)該不遺余力美化我們環(huán)境。Weshouldsparenoefforttobeautifyourenvironment.

第68頁68讓...明白...事bringhometo+人+事例句：我們應(yīng)該讓人們明白努力價值。Weshouldbringhometopeoplethevalueofworkinghard.

第69頁69與...息息相關(guān)becloselyrelatedto~~

例句：做運動與健康息息相關(guān)。Takingexerciseiscloselyrelatedtohealth.第70頁70養(yǎng)成...習(xí)慣Getintothehabitof+Ving；makeitaruleto+V我們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成早睡早起習(xí)慣。

Weshouldgetintothehabitofkeepinggoodhours.

第71頁71因為...Dueto/Owingto/Thanksto+N/Ving,~~~例句：因為他勉勵，我終于實現(xiàn)我夢想。Thankstohisencouragement,Ifinallyrealizedmydream.

第72頁72令人不滿意Leavemuchtobedesired

例句：我們交通情況令人不滿意。Theconditionofourtrafficleavesmuchtobedesired.第73頁73對...造成一大威脅Poseagreatthreatto~~例句：污染對我們生存造成一大威脅。Pollutionposesagreatthreattoourexistence.第74頁74盡全力去...doone‘sutmostto+V=doone‘sbest例句：我們應(yīng)盡全力去達成我們?nèi)松繕?biāo)。Weshoulddoourutmosttoachieveourgoalinlife.第75頁75四級寫作怎樣組段第76頁一篇完整作文包含三部分：引言，正文和結(jié)論。又稱：三段論。一個完整段落包含三部分：主題句，推展句和結(jié)論句。所以，能夠說，文章是段落擴展，段落是文章壓縮。第77頁77第一段：[1.現(xiàn)象/現(xiàn)實狀況說明段][2.圖畫/圖表描述段]第二段：[3.對立觀點陳訴段][4.利弊說明段]

[5.意義闡述段][6.原因列軍段][7.舉例段]第三段：[8.歸納結(jié)論段][9.趨勢預(yù)測段][10提議辦法段]新東方10大功效段落—第78頁78四級作文三段式結(jié)構(gòu)題型第一段第二段第三段現(xiàn)象解釋型描述現(xiàn)象說明現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生原因表明個人觀點態(tài)度或闡述個人做法對比選擇型表明一方或雙方觀點表明一方觀點及理由，或指出雙方觀點不足之處及理由表明個人觀點或闡述個人做法問題處理型提出問題分析問題，給出處理方案表明個人觀點或闡述個人做法應(yīng)用文描述事實闡述事實表明觀點或提出提議第79頁第一句話：現(xiàn)象寬泛扣題第一句話通式狀語引入主體時間、地點大家/越來越多人sth.很怎樣/越來越條件認(rèn)為有一個現(xiàn)象1.狀語：a時間+地點currently/previouslyinChina/inourhighlycivilizedandindustrializedsociety

b條件和伴隨eg：伴隨社會發(fā)展Withthedevelopmentofoursociety

Withoursocietydevelopingincreasinglyfaster第80頁2.引入：a大家都認(rèn)為Itisgenerallyacknowledgedthat…b越來越多人認(rèn)為anincreasingnumberofpeoplemaintain/deem/reckonthat…有一個廣泛現(xiàn)象awide-spreadphenomenoninthecontemporarysocietyisthat…3.主體：a語法變難be+adj.=beof+n.isofgreat/increasingsignificance、necessity、popularity、help/use/valueb詞變難用以下牛詞進行修飾：adv.very

extremelyextraordinarilytremendouslysignificantlyadj.important

vitalessentialprevalentindispensable第81頁第二句話引入“由遠及近”

1.描述身邊事實可排比或細分至不一樣情況；2.過去對比現(xiàn)在（問題處理型文章專用）inthepast…h(huán)owever，now…；3.舉個例；4.名人名言（可編造）myprofessoroncetoldusthat…asafamousproverbgoesthat…第82頁(3)第三句話中心簡短、強調(diào)

1.關(guān)于這個問題，不一樣人有不一樣看法concerningthisquestion,people’sviewpointsdifferdramatically2.所以，怎樣處理這個問題成了大家關(guān)心事therefore,howto…h(huán)asbecomeamatterofconcernformany3.為何會有這個現(xiàn)象呢？大家都關(guān)心其原因whydoes/is…?Everyoneexpressesseriousconcernsforthereasons第83頁二段中心句（1）萬能二段開頭A.Thereareseveralpossiblesolutionsthatcanaddressthisdifficulty或reasonsthatcanbeaccountforthisphenomenon或factorsthatmaygiveriseto/contributetothisconsequenceB.The…acknowledgedbymostpeopleareasfollows第84頁（2）二段拓展法（虛實結(jié)合）eg：Tobeginwith,universitycanprovideuswithknowledgeA針對詞拓展：a主語名詞->并列同功效主語aswellasother+主語屬性或類別eg：universityaswellassomeotheracademicinstitutions；parentsaswellassomeotherrelativesofus；airplaneaswellassomeotheradvancedtransportationsb謂語前加表示“極其、很”等程度深adv.如considerably、dramatically等

c賓語前加雙adj.如notonlyadj.butalsoadj.第85頁B插入句中拓展：a主語后加同位語1.大家認(rèn)為它是…eg：university,whichpeopleconsideras…2.屬性+功效eg：university,theplaceforeducatethetalentedpeopleb實義動詞前萬能插入語：toalargeextend（很大程度上）；directlyorindirectly（直接或間接地）；asamatteroffact（實際上）如：computers，toalargeextend，influenceourlifec賓語后用非限定性定語從句whichcan/may/willeg：knowledge,whichmayassistusinfindingasuitablejob.第86頁

結(jié)尾段：1.我看法/總結(jié)2.雙原因1)我看法Ithink替換為inmypointofview；whenitcomestome；asfarasIamconcernedInconclusion替換為toconclude；towrapup2）雙原因（要說出詳細、有說服力原因）

1.notonly第一個原因butalso第二個原因；2….第一個原因，meanwhile，第二個原因，consequently，…3….thisislargelyduetothefactthat第一個原因…，butalsobecause第二個原因…第87頁作文題型分析第88頁1999年:ReadingSelectivelyorExtensively

年:IsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary?年:HowtoSucceedinaJobInterview?年、StudentUseofComputers（圖表作文）年、ItPaystoBeHonest年:ALetterinReplytoaFriend（書信）年、ACampaignSpeech(應(yīng)用文)年:Anannouncementforavoluntaryprogram（應(yīng)用文）年：WelcometoOurClub（應(yīng)用文）年：TheProblemsofPlasticBags年：FreeAdmissionstoMuseums第89頁05真題透析第90頁ParentsandChildren

Ascanbeseenfromthepicture,anoldmaniscrouchingthere.Thefatherisinragswhilethefourchildrenwearexpensiveclothes.Allofhisfourchildrenregardhimasaballandwanttokickhimoff.Thefourchildrenareallgoodgoalkeepersandsuccessfullykeepthefatheroutsidetheirdoors.Thus,thefatherbecomeshomeless.第91頁91

Ascanbeobservedfromthepicture,inthecentreofafootballplaygroundiscrouchinganelderlyman，whoisdressed

inrags,while,instrikingcontrast,thefourchildrenwearexpensivenamebrand.Allofhisfourchildrenreckoningwithhimasaballandwanttokickhimoff.Thefourchildrenareallexcellentgoalkeepersandtriumphantlykeepthefatheroutsidetheirdoors.Thus,thefatherturnsouthomeless.

第92頁92論說文現(xiàn)象論說文正反觀點論說文圖表論說文第93頁9394現(xiàn)象論說文第94頁現(xiàn)象說明文

Nowadays,thenumberof[某種現(xiàn)象]in[某種場所]isontheincrease.Itisestimatedthat[相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)].Whyhavetherebeensomany[某種現(xiàn)象]?Maybethereasonscanbelistedasfollows.Theforemostis[原因一].Besides,[原因二].What’smore,[原因三].Tosumup,themaincauseof[某種現(xiàn)象]isdueto[最主要原因].Itishightimethatsomethingweredoneuponit.Foronething,[處理方法一].Ontheotherhand,[處理方法二].Allthesemeasureswillcertainlyreducethenumberof[某種現(xiàn)象].

第95頁9596正反觀點論說文第96頁啟始段

Recently,peopleinincreasingnumberstarttocastlightontheissuethat——.Whilemanypeople,ifnotthemost,takethepositiveviewtowardstheidea/phenomenon，otherpointsofviewcanalsobeheardfromallwalksoflife.Theyinsistthat….第97頁主體段

Astheproverbgoes,“Nogardenhasnoweeds”.Inthefirstplace,…Inthesecondplace,…Lastbutnottheleast,…第98頁處理段

Confrontingthesituation,itisimperativeforustotakeeffectivemeasuretotackleit.Ontheonehand,strictlawsshouldbemadetopunishthosewho__________.Onetheotherhand,thepublicshouldbeeducated(not)to_______.Onlyinthiswaycanwewitnesstheidealsceneinwhichallthepeoplecanenjoytheirlifetotheutmost.第99頁圖表作文基本寫作要求充分利用圖表中信息，把握文字和說明，找出圖表所要表示主題。仔細分析圖表提供信息加以比較和歸納，選出含有代表意義信息。防止過多引用。經(jīng)過對圖表分析，進行概括性評論（改變趨勢和造成原因）說明，最終得出結(jié)論。第100頁100圖表寫作也屬于說明文類型，這種文章通常結(jié)構(gòu)是：Paragraph1change(改變)Paragraph2reasonsorimplication(原因或意義)Paragraph3conclusion(effects;implication)(結(jié)論)第101頁101慣用表示和句型Fromthetable/graph,itisobvious/apparentthatthenumberofXXXXhasbeenonthedecline/increaseoverthepastfewyears.Thelastfewyearswitnessedadrastic/dramaticincrease/decreaseinthenumberofhoursthatcollegestudentsspendoncomputers.

第102頁102慣用詞匯Table,diagram,graph,chartShow,demonstrate,indicateStatistics,rate,speed,ratio,percentage,figures,(statistical)dataIncrease,decrease,reduce,decline,godown,goup,riseBeontherise/increase,decrease/declineSharply,smoothly,drastically,dramatically,approximately第103頁103慣用表示和句型Afteracarefulanalysisofthedata,wecandrawthefollowingconclusion.Asaresultofcarefulobservationandanalysis,atentativeconclusionasfollowscanbereached.Therapidincreasegrowth/decline/changeofXXXXcanbeattributedtovariousfactors.第104頁104書信作文格式第105頁1稱呼（salutation）

①正式稱呼：

a.當(dāng)寫信對象為某團體、組織、機構(gòu)或不知對方姓名時候，普通是這種寫法：DearSiror(/)Madam,

b.當(dāng)寫信對象為某領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、上司、老板或校長等上級時候，普通是以下這種寫法：

DearMr.***（***代表姓）

DearMs.***

DearMrs.***（針對已婚婦女）

②非正式稱呼：

當(dāng)寫信對象是朋友或熟人時候，普通是這種寫法：Dear***（***代表名字，即GivenName）第106頁1062主體（body）

要依據(jù)信件內(nèi)容要求來進行細致劃分——但都講求開門見山、不繞彎子，大約寫7－8句話即可。普通題目會要求寫三個信息點，所以針對每個信息點可寫兩句話，最終寫兩句禮貌用語，即可完成整個信件寫作。

第107頁1073落款（complimentaryclose）

依據(jù)寫信對象不一樣，也劃分為兩大類：

①正式稱呼：

a.當(dāng)寫信對象為某團體、組織、機構(gòu)或不知對方姓名時候，普通是這種寫法：Yoursfaithfully,

b.當(dāng)寫信對象為某領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、上司、老板或校長等上級時候，普通是這種寫法：Yourssincerely,

注意：在美國英語中習(xí)慣寫為：Sincerelyyours,

但四級英語對此不做如此細致區(qū)分，即寫上述三種任一即可。

第108頁108②非正式稱呼：當(dāng)寫信對象是朋友或熟人時候，普通是以下這種寫法：

Kindregards,

Bestwishes,

當(dāng)然還能夠有更多寫法，如：Withbestwishes,或Allthebest,但慣用為以上兩種。4署名（signature）

依據(jù)英語樣題，一律要求寫LiMing第109頁109書信作文

第一段只寫兩句：第一句：Iamwritingthislettertodayto…第二句：Mynameis…andIam…

第二段按照題目要求寫：

第三段只寫三句：第一句：Isincerelyhopeyoucantakemyletterseriously.第二句：Yourpromptresponsewillbehighlyappreciated.第三句：Thanksalotforyourtimeandconsideration.

第110頁110應(yīng)用文萬能模板第111頁提議信

Dear

，

Iamwritingtoexpressmyviewsconcerning

.Inthefirstplace,Iwouldliketosaythankyouforthehelpandeverythingelseyouhavebeenofferingtous.Meanwhile,Ialsowanttomakesomeadvicetobetter

.

Firstly,wehavefoundthat

.Secondly,wewantto

.Finally,wehopethat

.

Iamlookingforwardstoyourconsiderationaboutmyproposals.Thanksinadvanceforthat.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing第112頁112道歉信

Dear

，

Muchtomyregret/IamterriblysorrythatIamunableto

.ItismainlybecauseatthattimeIwillbefulloccupiedby

whichisquiteoutofmyexpectation,andthatconflictswithyour

.ThereforeIamforcedtoadjustmyscheduleandcannotmakemypresenceonyour

.Isincerelyhopethatyouwillenjoyagoodtime.Bytheway,canwehavedinnertogethersometimenextweek?Ihopetoseeyousoon.

IamreallysorryagainandItrustthatyouwillunderstand.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing第113頁113感激信

Dear

，

Onbehalfof

,Iwouldliketoextendourmostsinceregratitudefor

.Weappreciategreatlyyouraidinnotonly

,butalso

.

Itissaidthatyour

thatwecouldenjoysuchawonderfultrip/arriveatsuchsplendidachievements,andwewillneverforgetyourpainstakinglaborandfullcooperation/warmhospitality.

Withthisletterwewouldalsoliketoformallyinviteyouto

,sothat

.WElookforwardstohostingyou

.

Withpersonalregards.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing第114頁114申請信

ToWhomItMayConcern,

Iwouldliketoapplyforthemaster’sprogramin

departmentofyouruniversity,anopportunitythatIhavedreamedsince

.

Tobrieflyintroducemyself,Iamaseniorstudentmajoringin

from

University.DuringmyundergraduatestudyIhavedemonstratedexcellentacademicability,whichisreflectedinmygradesandaccomplishment.Ihaveattachedtothislettermyresume,acompletetranscript,andthreerecommendationletters.

Iwouldgreatlyappreciateitifyoucouldkindlyconsidermyapplication.Ifyourequiremoreinformation,pleasefeelfreetocontactmeat

.

Lookingforwardstoyourreply.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing第115頁115投訴信ToWhomItMayConcern，

Iamwritingtocomplainaboutthepoorserviceofyour

Ireceivedwhen

.

Thereasonsformydissatisfactionlieuponthreepointsasfollows:1)

;2)

;3)

.Underthesecircumstances,Ifinditdifficultto

.

Iamsurethatyouareabletothoroughlyunderstandmydiscontent,whichyouareboundtoreplacewithasatisfactorysolution.Iwouldbegratefulifyoucould

as