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LessonOneFacetoFacewithHurricaneCamillebyJosephP.Blank1/75BackgroundKnowledge1.Abouttheauthor:Josephp.Blank(約瑟夫·布蘭克),thewriterpublished"FacetoFacewithHurricaneCamille"intheReader'sDigest,March1970.

2.HurricaneCamille(卡米爾號(hào)颶風(fēng)):IntheUnitedStateshurricanesarenamedalphabeticallyandgiventhenamesofpeoplelikeHurricaneCamille,HurricaneBetsy,andsoon;whereasinChinaTyphoonsaregivenserialnumberslikeTyphoonNo.1,TyphoonNo.2andsoon.2/753.TheSalvationArmy(救世軍):AProtestantreligiousbodydevotedtotheconversionof,andsocialworkamongthepoor,andcharacterizedbyuseofmilitarytitles,uniforms,etc.Itwasfoundedin1878by"General"BoothinLondon;nowworldwideinoperation.救世軍,國(guó)際基督教慈善組織,其職能是扶危濟(jì)困。為提升工作效率,其組織形式和活動(dòng)方式均擬軍隊(duì)形式,有軍銜、軍服。救世軍組織現(xiàn)已遍布80多個(gè)國(guó)家,國(guó)際總部設(shè)在倫敦。該組織創(chuàng)世人是衛(wèi)理工會(huì)牧師、后成為救世軍總司令“布斯將軍”。3/754.RedCross(紅十字會(huì)):aninternationalorganization(infullInternationRedCross)foundedin1864withheadquartersandbranchesinallcountriessignatorytotheGenevaConvention,forthereliefofsufferingtintimeofwarordisaster.紅十字會(huì),據(jù)1864年《日內(nèi)瓦條約》要求照料在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中受傷、有病和無家可歸人一個(gè)國(guó)際組織,現(xiàn)也在自然災(zāi)害發(fā)生時(shí)或之后進(jìn)行救助。4/754.

NationalGuard(國(guó)民警衛(wèi)隊(duì)):EachstatehasitsownorganizationoftheNationalGuard.Itiscomposedofordinarycitizenswhomaybecalledtodutyatanytime.5.CivilDefenseUnit(民防隊(duì))playmuchthesamerole,butarenotmilitaryinnature.5/75TheBeaufortScaleAfterSirFrancisBeaufort(1774-1857),Britnavalofficerwhodevisedthisoriginalscale(1806),ascaleofwindforceandspeed.蒲福風(fēng)級(jí):英國(guó)海軍將領(lǐng)FrancisBeaufort(1774-1857)擬訂,分0-12級(jí)6/75TheBeaufortScaleNumberDescriptionm.p.h.0

clambreeze無風(fēng)01

lightbreeze軟風(fēng)1--32

slightbreeze輕風(fēng)

4--7

3

gentlebreeze微風(fēng)8--12

4moderatebreeze和風(fēng)

13—18

5freshbreeze清風(fēng)

19—24

6

strongbreeze強(qiáng)風(fēng)

25--31

7

moderategale疾風(fēng)

32--38

8

freshgale大風(fēng)

39--46

9

stronggale烈風(fēng)

47--54

10

wholegale狂風(fēng)

55--63

11

storm暴風(fēng)

64--75

12

hurricane颶風(fēng)

over75

mph=milesperhour7/75風(fēng)級(jí)歌零級(jí)煙柱直沖天;一級(jí)輕煙隨風(fēng)偏;二級(jí)輕風(fēng)吹滿面;三級(jí)葉動(dòng)紅旗展;四級(jí)枝搖飛紙片;五級(jí)帶葉小樹搖;六級(jí)舉傘步行難;七級(jí)迎風(fēng)走不便;八級(jí)風(fēng)吹樹枝斷;九級(jí)屋頂飛瓦片;十級(jí)拔樹又倒屋;十一二級(jí)陸少見。8/759/7510/7511/7512/7513/75typhoon,cyclone,hurricaneTyphoon:StormsovertheWestPacificOceanandChinaseas.Cyclone:StormsovertheIndianOcean.Hurricane:stormsoverNorthAtlanticOcean,theCaribbeanSeaandGulfofMexico;aviolenttropicalcyclonewithwindsmovingat73ormoremilesperhour,oftenaccompaniedbytorrentialrains.14/75Fourkindsofwritingstyles1)narration記敘文2)description描寫文3)exposition說明文4)argumentation議論文15/75Detailedintroductiontonarrationprotagonistsvs.antagonistsactionssuspense/tensionclimaxdemouement16/75Theliterarystyle

Apieceofnarrationismainlydevelopedintheactualtimesequence.Thewritertellsthereaderswhathappensfirst,whatnext.chronologicaldevelopment

17/75narrationstorytellingextendednarrationnovels

histories

biographies

autobiographies

travelogues18/75

1.characters

2.plot

Agoodstoryhasabeginning,amiddle,anend,eventhoughitmaystartinthemiddleoratsomeotherpointintheactionandmovebackwardtotheearlierhappenings.Theessentialsofnarration19/75Narrationisconcernedwithaction.

Itgoesaroundpeoplecalledcharactersinsomekindofstruggleorconflictagainstotherpeople,nature,societyorthemselves.protagonist--

leadingcharacterantagonist--thepeopleorforces

protagonistfightsagainstsuspense--astateofuncertainty20/75interposition--

apassagewhichisputbetweentheaction.插敘Thepurposeistoaddmoreinformation

tocreatesuspenseflashbackinterruptionofchronologicalsequencebyinterjectionofeventofearlieroccurrence倒敘climax--themostexciting,importantinterestingpartonthestory,denouementtheendingofastory21/75

climax

fallingaction

denouement

risingaction

conflict

suspense

ending

beginning22/75Compoundstelevision=tele+vision,acombiningform"tele-"plusanoun"vision".Eg.telegram,telephone,telescope,telegraph,telecommunication,telecast,etc.2.northwestward=north+west+wardornorthwest+ward."-ward"isasuffixmeaning“ina(specific)directionorcourse".eg:eastward.westward.backward,upward,inward,outward,seaward,home-ward.etc.23/75Compounds3.motel=motorist+hotel,ablendwordformedbycombiningpartsofotherwords.eg:smog=smoke+fog,smaze=smoke+haze,brunch=breakfast+lunch,moped=motor+pedal,galumph=gallop+triumph,etc.4.bathtub=bath+tub,acompoundwordformedbycombiningtwonouns.eg:bathrobe,bathroom.bedroom,roommate,butterfly,dragonfly,football,housekeeper,etc.5.returnees=return+ees,averbplusanounformingsuffix"-ee"designatingapersoninspecifiedcondition.eg:employee,refugee,retiree,examinee,escapee,nominee,interviewee,divorcee.24/75

Thememanvs.nature25/75ThedetailedstudyofthetextRadioandtelevisionasCamillelashed...Mexico.(Para.1,line3)lashtostrikewithgreatforce;tomoveviolentlyor

suddenly.Eg.Thewaveslashedtheracks.

Eg.Therainwaslashingagainstthewindows.26/75Itwascertaintopummel

Gulfport,Miss.,wheretheKoshakslived.(Para.1,line5)pummel(pommel).tobeatsuddenlyorattackvigorously;tohitwithrepeatedblows.Eg.Thethiefwaspushedandpummeledbyanangrycrowd.Miss.=Mississippi縮寫27/75Gulfport,加佛港,美國(guó)密西西比州東南部城市,位于比洛克西以西墨西哥灣內(nèi)。1891年起有移民定居,當(dāng)初作為一個(gè)鐵路終點(diǎn)站,19后發(fā)展為一個(gè)港口。28/75Tryingtoreasonoutthebestcourseofaction(para.2,line1)reasonout:

推斷出,合乎邏輯表示。eg.Theexpertreasonedoutasolutiontotheproblem.這位教授分析推斷出處理這個(gè)問題方法。2.Setforthfactsandreasonthingsout.擺事實(shí),講道理acourseofaction:行動(dòng)方針,行動(dòng)策略,方法29/75LasVegasLasVegascity(拉斯維加斯)istheseatofClarkCountyinSouthNevada.In1970ithadapopulationof125,787people.Revenuefromhotels,gambling,entertainmentandothertourist-orientedindustriesformsthebackboneofLasVegas'seconomy.Itsnightclubsandcasinosareworldfamous.Thecityisalsothecommercialhubofaranchingandminingarea.Inthe19thcenturyLasVegaswasawateringplacefortravelerstoSouthCalifornia.In1867,LasVegaswasdetachedfromtheArizonaterritoryandjoinedtoNevada.30/75LasVegas(para.2,line5)拉斯維加斯,世界著名賭城,在美國(guó)內(nèi)華達(dá)州東南部,為克拉克縣縣城所在地。是美國(guó)內(nèi)華達(dá)州最大城市,以賭博業(yè)為中心龐大旅游、購(gòu)物、度假產(chǎn)業(yè)而著名,是世界著名度假圣地之一,城內(nèi)多豪華旅館,夜總會(huì),賭場(chǎng)及異域風(fēng)情游樂設(shè)施。自1931年實(shí)施賭博正當(dāng)化以來,該城吸引了大量游客,市區(qū)人口和經(jīng)濟(jì)增加速度極快。31/7532/75Fouryearsearlier,HurricaneBetsyhaddemolishedhisformerhomeafewmileswestofGulfport.(para3,line5)四年前,倍特西颶風(fēng)摧毀了他從前在加佛港西部以西幾英里家。HurricaneBetsy:倍特西颶風(fēng),1965年9月7—10日橫掃了美國(guó)弗羅里達(dá)州,密西西比州和路易斯安那州,造成74人死亡。33/75demolish,destroy,raze,annihilate見課后題第七題destroy一詞最為常見,主要強(qiáng)調(diào)破壞力度之大和徹底,普通不帶感情或修辭色彩。demolish和raze通慣用于巨大物體,如大型建筑物等。demolish慣用引申義,指任何復(fù)合體被摧毀,如demolishatheorywithafewincisivecomments,意即“用幾句尖銳評(píng)語(yǔ)推翻某種理論”,而raze幾乎無一例外地用于指建筑物被毀。annihilate在這些詞中所表示損壞程度最為強(qiáng)烈,字面意思是“化為烏有”,但實(shí)際上往往用于指對(duì)人或物嚴(yán)重?fù)p傷,如annihilateanenemyforce,是指使敵軍遭到重創(chuàng),不但沒有還手之力,而且沒有招架之功。如說annihilateone'sopponentinadebate,是指徹底駁倒對(duì)手。34/75…andwe’reagood250yardsfromthesea(para.3,line10)agood:atleast;full35/75"Wecanbattendownandrideitout"

(Para.4,line2):wecanmakethenecessarypreparationsandsurvicvethehurricanewithoutmuchdamage.(課后題4.3)tobattendown

metaphortosecurewith

battensTheelderKoshakistalkingaboutpreparingandsecuringthehouseforthestormtocome.

rideout:安然度過(大風(fēng),風(fēng)暴等),經(jīng)受住。36/75

Graycloudsscudded

infromtheGulfontherisingwind.(Para.6,line1)Thespeedofthesecloudsisanindicationof

theswiftnesswithwhichthestormisapproaching.37/75Aneighbor,whosehusbandwasinVietnam,askedifsheandhertwochildrencouldsitoutthestormwiththeKoshaks:(課后題6.2)卡米爾颶風(fēng)發(fā)生時(shí)1969年正值美國(guó)陷入越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)泥潭,鄰居丈夫當(dāng)初正在越南打仗sitout:

staytilltheendof(aperformance,etc.)

38/75Anotherneighborcamebyonhiswayinland—would…

ofhisdog?(para6,line5)(課后題6.3)anotherneighborpaidavisitonhiswayinland。cameby:①payavisit(AmericanEnglish)Nexttimeyou’reoverthisway,comeby.39/75句中破折號(hào)表示有些部分省略了,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)說法應(yīng)為:Anotherneighborcamebyonhiswayinlandandasked

iftheKoshakswouldmindwouldtakingcareofhisdog.文中此句破折號(hào)后部分既非直接引述鄰居原話又沒有按間接引述語(yǔ)法要求轉(zhuǎn)述鄰居問話,而直接保留問話形式,目標(biāo)在于既節(jié)約文字又從中顯出鄰居行色急忙,慌不擇言,讓人感到一個(gè)擔(dān)心迫切氣氛,也襯托出即未降臨這場(chǎng)颶風(fēng)兇猛可怕。40/75Windandrainnowwhippedthehouse(para7,line1)修辭手法:metaphor全句真正含義是:Strongwindandrainwaslashingthehouseasifwithawhip.TheFrenchdoorsinanupstairsroomblewinwithanexplosive...windowsdisintegrated.(Para.8,line5)Frenchdoor--法蘭西式兩用門,門為雙扇,上有玻璃格子,似窗,或Frenchwindows落地窗。blowin:

burstopenbythestorm41/75disinterate,decay,rot,spoil,molder,decompose(見課后題第七題)decay常指某物自然而然地逐步衰敗腐化。如:Histeethhavebeguntodecay.他牙齒開始老化變壞。rot指有機(jī)物質(zhì),如蔬菜等因菌毒感染而腐敗變質(zhì),如:rottingapples(爛了蘋果)spoil用于非正式文體,常指食物變質(zhì)。如Fishspoilsquicklyinsummer.魚在夏天極易變質(zhì)。molder用于指物體遲緩、逐步地腐朽。如:Oldbuildingsmolderaway.老房子漸漸腐爛了。42/75disintegrate意指把某物從整體變?yōu)樗槠蛞粋€(gè)個(gè)部分。如Rocksdisintegratedbyfrostandrain.被霜和雨蝕裂成碎塊巖石。decompose指將物質(zhì)分解為其組成成份。如Watercanbedecompose(d)intohydrogenandoxygen.水能夠分解成氫和氧。該詞還能夠用來代替rot,使語(yǔ)氣略顯委婉。43/75

Thegeneratorwasdoused

(Para.9,line4)(見習(xí)題6.5)douse--putout(alight,fire,generation,etc.)quicklybypouringwateroverit熄滅(燈或火)Theelectricalsystemshadbeenkilledbywater.(para11,line3)(練習(xí)6.6)kill--(AmericanEnglish)tocause(anengine,etc.)tostop…andthewaterwasrisingbytheminute

(para.9,line7):水時(shí)刻都在漲by:intheamountof按……計(jì)算Eg.Rentahousebythemonth44/75Everybodyoutthebackdoortothecars!(Para.10,line1)

無動(dòng)詞祈使句。經(jīng)常以介詞替換謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作,亦可看作是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞省略情況(即elliptical).“everybodygooutthebackdoorandgotothecar”。本文其它這類句子:Everybodyonthestairs!(=Everybodygoandsitonthestairs)(Para.12,line1)Upthestairs!(=Goupthestairs!)Intoourbedroom!(=Gointoourbedroom)Intothetelevisionroom!(=Gointothetelevisionroom!)45/75Thewindsoundedliketheroarofatrainpassingafewyardsaway:(para.13,line1)修辭手法:simile把thesoundofthe

wind

比作theroarofapassingtrain46/75Wecanpropitupwithourheadsandshoulders.(Para.25,line3)sentencemeaning:我們能夠用頭和肩膀把它支撐起來!Prop

up:useaproporpropstoraisesth.Andpreventitfromfalling;support支撐;支持例:Thepatientlaywithhisheadproppeduponthreepillows.病人躺著,用三個(gè)枕頭墊著頭。47/75Athirdwallgaveway.(Para.26,line6)Sentencemeaning:Anotherwallcollapsed.又一面墻坍毀了。Giveway:

collapsefromorasiffromphysicalpressure坍毀例:Theladdergaveway.梯子坍毀了。48/75…andpartsofthebeachandhighwaywerestrewnwithdeaddogs,catscattle.(Para.28,line4)Sentencemeaning:海灘和公路一些地方散落著死狗、死貓、死牛。Strew:v.spreadhereandthere;

scatter撒,使散落49/75Stripsofclothingfestoonedthestandingtrees.(Para.28,line5)被撕成布條衣服掛在樹上,像是用花彩來裝飾樹。修辭手法:metaphor。50/75

Camille,meanwhile,hadrakeditswaynorthwardacrossMississippi:(Para.32,line1)sentencemeaning:與此同時(shí),卡米爾颶風(fēng)已經(jīng)向北橫掃了密西西比州。rake:v.(fig.)passoverorthroughasurfaceormediumwithacontinuousmovement;lash(比喻)擦過,掃過,席卷Eg.ThetyphoonrakeditswayoverSouthChinasea.臺(tái)風(fēng)橫掃了南海。51/75...causingrampagingfloods:..bringingaboutviolentfloods(Para.32,line3)引發(fā)了洪水泛濫rampage:v.moveaboutwidlyorviolently暴跳,橫沖直撞例:Effortsweremadetopreventthebuffalorampagingthroughthevillage.人們努力阻止水牛在村子里橫沖直撞。52/75...andhepitchedinwithSeabeesintheworstvolunteerworkofall(Para.33,line5)sentencemeaning:

他和美國(guó)海軍修建營(yíng)組員一道努力投入到全部志愿者工作中最艱辛工作。Seabee:美國(guó)海軍修建營(yíng)組員,包含機(jī)匠、木工、電焊工及其它建筑工人,其主要任務(wù)是修建海軍航導(dǎo)基地和設(shè)施,普通不參加戰(zhàn)斗。53/75Butthebluesdidoccasionallyafflictalltheadults:(para.36,line1)不過憂郁情緒不時(shí)地折磨全部成年人。Theblues:

1.(pl.)(usedwithasing.Orpl.verb)astateofdepressionormelancholy(復(fù)數(shù)形式)(與單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用)憂郁,郁悶例:Theblueshasfinallygottenmetoday.憂郁情結(jié)今天最終還是降臨到我心頭。2.(音樂)藍(lán)調(diào)音樂布魯斯:一個(gè)源于美國(guó)南部黑人通俗歌曲音樂格調(diào),通常表現(xiàn)為音速低緩,演奏第三和第七音節(jié)降音調(diào)。54/75OrganizationalpatternSectI.para1-6introduction–thesettingofthestory

background

informationtimeplace

charactersreasonsactions

55/75SectIIpara7-26Howthefamilywasbroughtfacetofacewiththehurricane.Howthefamilywasfightingagainstitandsurvived.HowmanyonslaughtsdidthehurricanemakeontheKoshaks?56/754onslaughts1.(p7)onthefirstfloorthehousewasleaking.Theyusedallkindsofutensilstofightagainstthewater.2.(p8-13)onthestaircaseWhentheseawaterreachedthehouse,theyretreatedtothestaircase57/754onslaughts3.(p14-21)inthebedroomWhenthestirswerebroken,theyretreatedtothebedroom.

(p19-20)interposition(插敘)1.

givingadditionalinformationaboutthedevastatingforceofthehurricane,implyingifanyonecouldsurvive,itmustbeamiracle.2.creatingsuspense4.(p22-26)intheTVroomWhenthebedroomwallscollapsed,theyhadtoretreattotheTVroom.58/75para19~20Twoparaswereputintoprovidefurtherofficialaccounttoshowhowstrongandforcefulthehurricanewas.Theywereconvincing.59/75

DearLord,giveme

Whynoquotationmarks?

Thewriterwantstomakehisaccountsmooth.Hepurposelyomitsquotationmarks.Theactionisquickenedandsmooth.60/75OrganizationalpatternSect.IIIpara27~39

conclusion(abittoolong)

thesceneafterthestorm

thereliefworkdonebythestate

thereliefworkdonebytheKoshaks

61/75OrganizationalpatternThemostimportantpartisthelastpara."Irealizewelostnothingimportant".What'sthepurposebehindthestorybygivingusareflectionfromgrandmother?Humanbeingsaremoreimportantthananythingelseintheworld.(thematerialthings)62/75Languagefeatures1.theeffectiveuseofverbs

Theeffectiveuseofverbsistheonlywaytofocusonaction,esp.onesyllableverbs,becauseonesyllableverbssavetime.

lash,lap,skim,scud,yell,dump,shot,snap,hit,whip2.shortellipticalsentences

a)increasethetempoofactionb)createtheatmosphereoftension,dangerandurgency63/753.successfulachievementofchronologicaldevelopmentChronologicaldevelopmentisachievedby:

connectorsso,then,but.

transitionalphrases--secondslater,afterthat,foraninstant,bythistime,etc.4.thewordswith[?]whichvividlydescribetheviolenceofthehurricane.[?]quick,unpleasanteffect

lash,crack,snap,slashing,smash,shatter,rampage,collapse,lap

64/753.Becausesaltywaterwasseawater.Itshowedthattheseawaterhadreachedthehouse.theywereinrealtroublefortheymightbewashedintotheseabythetidalwave.65/754.Shefeareddeathwouldsooncome,andshewantedtoremindherhusbandofherundyinglove.Thiswouldhelptoencourageeachotherandmakethemfeelbettertofacethedeath.

5.Becausehehadnotbeencautiousenoughtomovethefamilyawayfromthedangerzonebeforethestormarrived.66/756.Inordertogettheirmindsoffthestormandmakethemfeellessafraid.

7.Johnwastryinghisbesttocomfortandencouragehiswife,forhealsofelttheyweregoingtodie.67/75ExerciseIII1.BackgroundandhistoricalfactsabouttheKosha

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