法語字母及字組讀音規(guī)則表

法語讀音規(guī)則,,,,,

字母,拼法,讀音,說明,舉例,規(guī)則類型

A,"a,à",[a],,"carte,chasse,grasse,gaz,paille,",基本規(guī)則

,,,,"

médaille,prononciation,sable,",

,,,,"

cadavre,bras,tuas,pas,gras,hélas",

,,,,"là,déjà,voilà",

,a,[a],多數(shù)情況下,"pale,théatre,ane,nousdonnames,",基本規(guī)則

,,,,"

vousdonnates,ildonnat",

,,[ɑ],在部分詞中（為保留的舊讀）,"pate,mat",例外

,aa,[a],,Isaac,次級規(guī)則

,aan,[ɑ?],,afrikaans,次級規(guī)則

,"?,ae",[e],,"c?cum,n?vus,curriculumvitae",次級規(guī)則

,ai,[?],在重讀音節(jié)中,"vrai,aigre,japonais,jebaisse,fraise,fran?aise",基本規(guī)則

,,,在“ai+輔+無音e+輔+元”中,laiterie,次級規(guī)則

,,,在-airie中,"prairie,libraire",次級規(guī)則

,,,在其他少數(shù)詞中,"vraiment,aiglon,aigrelet",例外

,,[e],在非重讀音節(jié)中,"aigu,aimer,baisser,saison",基本規(guī)則

,,,作為動詞詞尾,"ai,eurai,serai",次級規(guī)則

,,,在其他少數(shù)詞中,"gai,quai",例外

,,[?],在少數(shù)詞中,"nousfaisons,jefaisais,faisant,",例外

,,,,"

faisable,faiseur,satisfaisant,

faisan",

,a?,[?],在重讀音節(jié)中,"ma?tre,conna?tre",次級規(guī)則

,,,在少數(shù)詞的非重讀音節(jié)中,fra?cheur,例外

,,[e],在非重讀音節(jié)中,"a?né,cha?non",次級規(guī)則

,"aim,ain",[??],后無元音字母或另一個m或n,"faim,main,pain",基本規(guī)則

,am,[ɑ?],后無元音字母或另一個m或n,"camp,chambre",基本規(guī)則

,,[am],在個別借詞中,"tramway,wolfram,hamster",例外

,an,[ɑ?],后無元音字母或另一個n,"chanter,ancien",基本規(guī)則

,aon,[ɑ?],,"paon,faon",次級規(guī)則

,ao?,[u],,ao?t,次級規(guī)則

,au,[o],多數(shù)情況下,"saule,chaud,gauche",基本規(guī)則

,,,在少數(shù)詞[r]前,auréole,例外

,,[?],在[r]前,"aurore,saure,j’aurai,jesaurai",次級規(guī)則

,,,在少數(shù)詞中,"Paul,mauvais,augmenter",例外

,ay,[?],在詞末,"tramway,Fontenay",基本規(guī)則

,,[ej],在詞中元音前,"crayon,payer",基本規(guī)則

,,[?j],在后跟無音e時,"jepaye,jepayerai",次級規(guī)則

,,[aj],在少數(shù)詞（特別是專有名詞）詞中,"fayot,tayaut,brayette,bayer,",例外

,,,,"

bayadère,mayonnaise,papaye,",

,,,,"

papayer,Ayen,Bayard,Bayonne,",

,,,,"

Cayenne,Himalaya,LaFayette,Mayence",

,,[ei],在個別詞中,"pays,paysage,paysan,abbaye",例外

B,b,[b],在詞首和詞中,blanc,基本規(guī)則

,,,在少數(shù)詞末,"baobab,club,tub,snob,nabab",例外

,,,在個別詞的subs-中,"subsister,subside",例外

,,[p],"ab-,ob-,sub-在s,t前","absence,observer,substance,

obtus,subtil",次級規(guī)則

,,無音,在詞末,radoub,基本規(guī)則

,bb,[b],,abbé,基本規(guī)則

C,c,[k],"在a,o,u或輔音前","carte,comme,culture",基本規(guī)則

,,,在?u前,c?ur,例外

,,,在詞末,"sac,caduc,avec,lac,bec,Marc",基本規(guī)則

,,[s],"在e,?,i,?,y前","ce,c?sium,civil,c?lacanthe,

bicyclette",基本規(guī)則

,,[g],在個別詞中,"second,seconder,zinc",例外

,,無音,在部分詞詞末,"tabac,estomac,blanc,franc,tronc,",例外

,,,,"

banc,jonc,ajonc,porc,croc",

,?,[s],"在a,o,u前","?a,le?on,re?u",基本規(guī)則

,cc,[k],"在a,o,u和輔音字母前",accord,基本規(guī)則

,,[ks],"在e,i前","accent,accident",基本規(guī)則

,ch,[?],多數(shù)情況下,"Chine,chair,poche",基本規(guī)則

,,[k],"在某些希臘語詞根中（特別是ch在l,n,r之前時）","chaos,ch?ur,écho,orchestre,psychologie,",次級規(guī)則

,,,,"archa?que,chrétien,technique,chlore",

,,,在一些外國專有名詞中,"Miche-Ange,Munich,Moloch,Metternich,Machiavel",例外

,,,在其他個別詞中,varech,例外

,,[t?],在其他某些借詞中,"sandwich,macho",例外

,,無音,在個別詞末,almanach,例外

,ck,[k],,"yack,bifteck,gecko",次級規(guī)則

,cqu,[k],,acquis,次級規(guī)則

,-ct,[kt],多數(shù)情況下,"direct,correct,exact",基本規(guī)則

,,無音,在少數(shù)詞末,"aspect,respect",例外

D,d,[d],在詞首和詞中,"deux,maladie,cadre",基本規(guī)則

,,,在少數(shù)詞末,"sud,lied,djihad,Alfred,David,Madrid,leCid",例外

,,無音,在詞末,"pied,accord,prend",基本規(guī)則

,dd,[d],,addition,基本規(guī)則

E,"e,?",[?],在閉音節(jié)中,"bec,traverser,No?l",基本規(guī)則

,,,在末音節(jié)相同兩輔音字母前,"belle,mettre,adresse",基本規(guī)則

,,,在某些詞詞中相同兩輔音字母前,"bellatre,squelettique",例外

,,,在末音節(jié)-il-前,"conseil,oreille",次級規(guī)則

,,,在個別詞詞中-il-前,meilleur,例外

,,,"在詞末-et,-ect中","navet,aspect,respect,direct",基本規(guī)則

,,,在其他個別詞中,papeterie[pap?t?i],例外

,,[e],在詞中相同兩輔音字母前,"dessert,effet,effort,erreur,essai,",基本規(guī)則

,,,,"

blessé,message,cellule,mettable",

,,,"在詞中sc,ck前","descendre,acquiescer,gecko",次級規(guī)則

,,,在詞中-il-前,"conseiller,oreiller",次級規(guī)則

,,,在某些拉丁文詞中,"viceversa[visev??sa],etcetera[?tsete?a],placebo",例外

,,,連詞et,et,例外

,,,在其他個別詞中,"septième[setj?m],clef",例外

,,[?],在單音節(jié)詞末,"le,de,me",基本規(guī)則

,,,“輔+輔+e+輔”,"gouvernement,entreprise",基本規(guī)則

,,,在詞首開音節(jié)中,"tenir,premier,demain,secret",基本規(guī)則

,,,在ress-中,ressembler,次級規(guī)則

,,,在其他個別詞中,"interpeller[??t??p?le],agneler",例外

,,,,"

[a??le],atelier[at?lje]",

,,無音,在詞末,"elle,perte,laine,fée,partie,aigu?",基本規(guī)則

,,,在元音前后,"Jean,asseoir,remerciement",次級規(guī)則

,,,“元+輔+e+輔+元”,samedi,基本規(guī)則

,é,[e],多數(shù)情況下,été,基本規(guī)則

,,[?],在“é+輔+無音e+輔+元”中,"céleri,événement[ev?nmɑ?]",次級規(guī)則

,,,在其他個別詞中,jecrée,例外

,è,[?],,"mère,poète",基本規(guī)則

,ê,[?],在重讀音節(jié)中,"fête,pêche",基本規(guī)則

,,,在“ê+輔+無音e+輔+元”中,pêcherie,次級規(guī)則

,,,在個別詞非重讀音節(jié)中,"têtard,bêtement,êta,bêta,thêta",例外

,,[e],在非重讀音節(jié)中,"grêler,pêcher",基本規(guī)則

,eau,[o],,"beau,ciseau",基本規(guī)則

,"-ed,-eds",[e],,"pied,assied,assieds",基本規(guī)則

,ei,[?],在重讀音節(jié)中,"neige,seize",基本規(guī)則

,,,在個別詞非重讀音節(jié)中,"treizième,seizième",例外

,,[e],在非重讀音節(jié)中,neiger,基本規(guī)則

,ein,[??],后無元音字母或另一個n,"plein,éteindre",次級規(guī)則

,em,[ɑ?],后無元音字母或另一個m或n,"temps,novembre",基本規(guī)則

,,[?m],在個別詞中,totem,例外

,emm,[?m],在詞中,"lemme,lemming",基本規(guī)則

,,[ɑ?m],在詞首,"emmener,emmailloter,emmitoufler",次級規(guī)則

,,[am],在-emment中,évidemment,次級規(guī)則

,,,在其他個別詞中,femme,例外

,en,[ɑ?],后無元音字母或另一個n,"entre,sens",基本規(guī)則

,,[ɑ?n],后接元音字母，但在詞首,"enougueillir,enivrer",基本規(guī)則

,,[??],"在i后（但不在-enc-,-ens-,-ent-結構中）","bien,rien,parisien",次級規(guī)則

,,,在y后,"citoyen,moyen",次級規(guī)則

,,,在é后,"européen,méditerranéen",次級規(guī)則

,,,在某些拉丁語詞和外語借詞中,"examen,appendice,rhododendron,

agenda,mémento,",例外

,,,,"pentagone,

benzine,pensum,benjamin",

,,,在某些專有名詞中,"Agen,Saint-Gaudens,Rubens,Stendhal",例外

,,[?n],在少數(shù)拉丁語詞末,"Eden,lichen,pollen,spécimen,dolmen",例外

,enn,[?n],在重讀音節(jié)中,"benne,renne",基本規(guī)則

,,,在個別詞首,ennemi,例外

,,[en][ɑ?n],在非重讀音節(jié)中,"henné,hennir,tennis",基本規(guī)則

,,[an],在詞首,"ennui,enneigé",例外

,,,在個別詞中,solennel,例外

,-ent,[ɑ?],,"lent,dent,appartement,vraiment",基本規(guī)則

,,無音,作為動詞詞尾,"chantent,étaient",基本規(guī)則

,-er,[e],作為動詞和多音節(jié)名詞、形容詞的后綴,"marcher,sefier,pommier,cerisier,",基本規(guī)則

,,,,"

premier,étranger,léger",

,,[??],在單音節(jié)的非動詞中,"mer,cher,fer,fier,ver",基本規(guī)則

,,,作為多音節(jié)名詞、形容詞詞干的一部分,"amer,aster,hiver,éther,cancer,geyser",基本規(guī)則

,-es,無音,多數(shù)情況下,"pommes,êtes,faites,dites",基本規(guī)則

,,[e],在單音節(jié)詞中,"les,des,ses",基本規(guī)則

,eu,[?][?],多數(shù)情況下,"heure,ilsveulent,déjeuner",基本規(guī)則

,,,在詞末開音節(jié)中,"peu,deux,ilpeut,peut-être",基本規(guī)則

,,,在[z][?][t][d]前,"creuser,précieuse,Maubeuge,",基本規(guī)則

,,,,"

jeudi,feutre,meute,émeute,",

,,,,"

neutre,deutérium",

,,,在eu-開頭的詞中,"euphonie,européen,eunuque",次級規(guī)則

,,,在其他少數(shù)詞中,"heureux[???],neuro-,leuco-,bleuir,bleuatre",例外

,,,在avoir的變位形式中,j’euseu,次級規(guī)則

,e?,[?],多數(shù)情況下,"je?ne,je?ner",次級規(guī)則

,,[y],在avoir的變位形式中,"e?mes,e?tes",次級規(guī)則

,eun,[??],,àjeun,次級規(guī)則

,ex-,[egz],在元音前,"examen,exhiber,inexact",基本規(guī)則

,,[eks],在輔音前,"excuser,explication,inexprimé",基本規(guī)則

,exc-,[eks],"在e,i前",excepté,次級規(guī)則

,exs-,[eks],,exsuder,次級規(guī)則

,ey,[?],在詞末,"trolley,Ney",次級規(guī)則

,,[e],在詞中輔音前,geyser,次級規(guī)則

,,[ej],在詞中元音前,grasseyer,次級規(guī)則

,,[?j],在后跟無音e時,jegrasseye,次級規(guī)則

,-ez,[e],,"assez,nez,chantez",基本規(guī)則

F,f,[f],多數(shù)情況下,"fa?on,neuf",基本規(guī)則

,,無音,在少數(shù)詞末,"?ufs,b?ufs,cerf,nerf,clef",例外

,ff,[f],,"effort,effet",基本規(guī)則

G,g,[g],"在a,o,u和輔音字母前","gare,gorge,légume,augmenter",基本規(guī)則

,,,在少數(shù)詞末,"zigzag,ginseng,tagalog",例外

,,[k],在個別詞中,tungstène,例外

,,[?],"在e,i,y前","manger,agiter,gymnastique",基本規(guī)則

,,無音,在詞末,"long,poing,doigt",基本規(guī)則

,,,在個別詞詞中,"amygdale,ginkgo,imbroglio",例外

,ge,[?],"在a,o,u前","obligeant,nousmangeons,ge?le,gageure",基本規(guī)則

,gg,[g],"在a,o,u和輔音字母前",aggraver,基本規(guī)則

,,,"在個別借詞的e,i,y前",buggy,例外

,,[g?],"在e,i前","suggérer,suggestion",次級規(guī)則

,gn,[?],,"campagne,signe",基本規(guī)則

,,[gn],在拉丁、希臘語詞中,"stagnant,agnostique",例外

,gu,[g],"在e,i,y前","guerre,guide,Guy",基本規(guī)則

,,[gw],在a前,"Guadeloupe,guano,iguane,jaguar",次級規(guī)則

,,[g?],在?前,ambigu?té,次級規(guī)則

,,,在其他少數(shù)詞中,"aiguille,arguer,linguistique",例外

H,h,無音,,"habiter,héro,ah,trahir,bouddha,",基本規(guī)則

,,,,"

afghan,kolkhoze,bilharzie,",

,,,,"

rhinocéros,whisky,bonheur",

I,"i,?",[i],在輔音前后,finir,基本規(guī)則

,?,,"在a,o后","na?f,égo?ste",次級規(guī)則

,"i,?",[j],在元音前,"ciel,bien,a?eul,fa?ence",基本規(guī)則

,i,[ij],“輔+l或r+i+元”,"plier,crier",基本規(guī)則

,,,在個別詞中的元音前,"fian?ailles,fiancé,hier",例外

,?,[i],在輔音前后,"?le,hu?tre",基本規(guī)則

,-il,[il],多數(shù)情況下,"il,fil,cil",基本規(guī)則

,,[j],在元音后,"travail,soleil,ail",基本規(guī)則

,,,在少數(shù)詞中的輔音后,"gentil,outil,sourcil,nombril,fusil",例外

,,[ij],在個別詞中,gentilhomme,例外

,ill,[j],在元音后,"bataille,bataillon,mouiller",基本規(guī)則

,,[ij],在輔音后,"fille,billet,vaciller,scintiller,cuillère",基本規(guī)則

,,[il],在少數(shù)詞中的輔音后,"mille,ville,village,tranquille,",例外

,,,,"

distiller,osciller,bacille",

,illi,[j],在兩元音間,vanillier,次級規(guī)則

,im,[??],后無元音字母或另一個m或n,"timbre,simple",基本規(guī)則

,imm,[im],多數(shù)情況下,"immortel,immeuble",基本規(guī)則

,,[??m],在個別詞中,"immangeable,immanquable",例外

,in,[??],后無元音字母或另一個n,"vin,international",基本規(guī)則

J,j,[?],多數(shù)情況下,"je,jeudi,séjour",基本規(guī)則

,,[d?],在多數(shù)英語借詞中,"jazz,Jeep,jet",例外

,,[x],在西班牙語借詞中,jota,例外

,,[j],在其他某些語言的借詞中,fjord,例外

K,k,[k],,"kilo,képi,kolkhoze,quark,

Danemark",基本規(guī)則

L,l,[l],多數(shù)情況下,"lac,mal,sel,bol",基本規(guī)則

,,無音,在個別詞中,"aulne,fils,pouls",例外

,ll,[l],不在i后面,"balle,selle,allumer",基本規(guī)則

,,[lj],在個別西班牙語借詞中,llanos,例外

M,m,[m],不在元音后面,"me,marmotte,arme,film",基本規(guī)則

,mm,[m],,"pomme,sommes",基本規(guī)則

,mn,[mn],多數(shù)情況下,"gymnastique,indemne,omnivore",基本規(guī)則

,,[n],在個別詞中,"automne,condamner",例外

N,n,[n],不在元音后面,"ne,nord,borne",基本規(guī)則

,?,[nj],在西班牙語借詞中,"ca?on,ElNi?o",次要規(guī)則

,ng,[?],在某些借詞中,"planning,ring,lemming",次要規(guī)則

,nn,[n],,"conna?tre,année",基本規(guī)則

O,o,[?],多數(shù)情況下,"porte,économe,l’os",基本規(guī)則

,,,在個別詞的[z]前,"oseille,myosotis",例外

,,[o],在詞末開音節(jié)中,"mot,métro,repos,lesos,gros",基本規(guī)則

,,,在[z]前,"chose,rose,chromosome,oser",次級規(guī)則

,,,在-otion-中,"émotion,notion",次級規(guī)則

,,,在部分以-osse結尾的單詞及其派生詞中,"grosse,fosse,grossir,grossesse",例外

,,,在部分以-ome或-one結尾的單詞中,"atome,idiome,axiome,tome,zone,cyclone",例外

,,,在其他個別詞中,"posséder,kilogramme,coco[koko]",例外

,?,[o],多數(shù)情況下,"c?te,dr?le,t?t,all?",基本規(guī)則

,,[?],在個別詞中,"h?tel,h?pital",例外

,"oe,oê",[??],oe分讀且e按規(guī)則應讀[?]時,"coercition,coexister",基本規(guī)則

,,[?e],oe分讀且e按規(guī)則應讀[e]時,coefficient,次級規(guī)則

,,[wa],在個別詞中,"moelle,moellon,boette,poêle",例外

,?,[e],多數(shù)情況下,"?sophage,f?tus",次級規(guī)則

,,[?],在個別詞中,"?stral,?strus",例外

,,[?],在個別詞中,?il,例外

,,[?],在個別詞中,"f?hn,l?ss,?dème,?dipe",例外

,?u,[?],多數(shù)情況下,"s?ur,?uf,b?uf",基本規(guī)則

,,[?],在詞末開音節(jié)中,"v?u,n?ud,?ufs,b?ufs",基本規(guī)則

,oi,[wa],多數(shù)情況下,"moi,bois,trois,croire",基本規(guī)則

,,[?],在個別詞中,oignon,例外

,,[?j],在個別詞中,séquoia,例外

,oin,[w??],,"point,moins,loin",基本規(guī)則

,om,[??],后無元音字母或另一個m或n,"nom,ombre",基本規(guī)則

,on,[??],后無元音字母或另一個n,"bon,oncle",基本規(guī)則

,,[?],在個別詞中,monsieur,例外

,oo,[u][?],在英語借詞中,"boom,hooligan",次級規(guī)則

,,[??],在個別詞中,alcool,例外

,,[oo],在個別詞中,zoologie,例外

,,,在個別詞中,zoo,例外

,ou,[u],在音節(jié)末或輔音前,"ou,joujou",基本規(guī)則

,,,在個別詞元音前,trouer,例外

,,[w],在元音前,"oui,jouet,douane",基本規(guī)則

,,[uw],在個別詞中,hindouisme,例外

,"où,o?",[u],,"où,go?t,cro?te",次級規(guī)則

,oy,[waj],在元音前,"moyen,loyal,employer",基本規(guī)則

,,[?j],在少數(shù)詞中,"boyard,goyave,cacaoyère,coyote,Goya,Loyola",例外

P,p,[p],在非詞末的多數(shù)情況下,"porte,pape,impromptu",基本規(guī)則

,,,在少數(shù)詞末,"cap,croup,hop,stop,abrupt",例外

,,無音,在詞末,"coup,trop,corps",基本規(guī)則

,,,在其他個別詞中,"sept,septième,baptême,compter,dompter",例外

,ph,[f],,"phonétique,phrase",基本規(guī)則

,pp,[p],,apporter,基本規(guī)則

Q,q,[k],在個別詞中,"cinq,coq,piq?re",次級規(guī)則

,qu,[k],多數(shù)情況下,"quel,musique",基本規(guī)則

,,[kw],在拉丁語等的借詞中,"quatrilatère,quark",次級規(guī)則

R,r,[?],多數(shù)情況下,"rien,rare,cher,fer",基本規(guī)則

,,無音,在個別詞中,monsieur,例外

,rr,[?],,guerre,基本規(guī)則

S,s,[s],多數(shù)情況下,"si,espoir,rester,penser",基本規(guī)則

,,,在兩元音字母間，但在復合詞的第二成分開始處,"vraisemblable,antisocial,parasol,",次級規(guī)則

,,,,"

monosyllabique,préséance,",

,,,,"

tournesol,cosignataire,asymptote",

,,,在拉丁語詞尾-us中,"cactus,campus",次級規(guī)則

,,,在少數(shù)詞末,"fils,mars,sens,albatros,albinos,",例外

,,,,"

lelis,l’os,est,ouest,ours",

,,[z],在兩元音字母之間,"rose,magasin",基本規(guī)則

,,,在個別詞中,"subsister,subsistance,transitif,",例外

,,,,"

transit,transaction,Alsace",

,,無音,在詞末,"acquis,lecours,jecours,jelis,il,est",基本規(guī)則

,sc,[sk],"在a,o,u和輔音前","scolaire,sclérose",基本規(guī)則

,,[s],"在e,i,y前","science,descendre,scène",基本規(guī)則

,,[?],在個別詞中,fascisme,例外

,s?,[s],,nousaquies?ons,次級規(guī)則

,sch,[?],多數(shù)情況下,"schéma,schiste",次級規(guī)則

,,[sk],在個別詞中,"ischion,schizophrénie",例外

,sh,[?],,"shako,shérif",次級規(guī)則

,ss,[s],,"passer,classe,express",基本規(guī)則

T,t,[t],在詞首和詞中,table,基本規(guī)則

,,,在少數(shù)詞末,"net,dot,chut,est,ouest,abrupt",例外

,,,,下列詞中-t亦可讀音：,

,,,,"lebut,lefait,vivat,lefat,l’ao?t",

,,,在與以-ti結尾的陽性詞對應的陰性詞詞末-tie中,"partie,introvertie,sortie",次級規(guī)則

,,,在“s+t+i+元音字母”中,"question,amnistie,vestiaire",次級規(guī)則

,,,"在-ième和名詞、形容詞后綴-ié,-ier,-ière前","centième,amitié,pitié,abricotier,",次級規(guī)則

,,,,"

héritier,quartier,entier,matière,laitière",

,,,在其他少數(shù)詞詞中的,"chrétien,ortie,tritium,tiens,",例外

,,,“i+元音字母”前,"

entretien,étions,étiez,étiolement,

tritium",

,,[s],在“t+i+元音字母”中（t前不是s）,"nation,partiel,patient,initial,",基本規(guī)則

,,,,"

balbutier,ambitieux,minutie,",

,,,,"

aristocratie,diplomatie,égyptien,",

,,,,"

strontium,gentiane",

,,無音,在詞末,"sot,accent,met",基本規(guī)則

,tch,[t?],,"tchèque,litchi,caoutchouc",次級規(guī)則

,th,[t],多數(shù)情況下,"théatre,mammouth",次級規(guī)則

,,[s],在個別詞中,forsythia,例外

,,無音,在個別詞中,"asthme,isthme",例外

,tt,[t],,attendre,基本規(guī)則

,tz,[ts],,quartz,次級規(guī)則

U,u,[y],在輔音前后,sur,基本規(guī)則

,,,在個別詞的元音前,"influence,