初識現(xiàn)在完成時

OverviewofthePresentPerfectTense一、現(xiàn)在完成時學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容.現(xiàn)在完成時的基本構(gòu)成。.現(xiàn)在完成時的基本句式。.現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法。.短暫性動詞的完成時態(tài)與一段時間連用時的形式轉(zhuǎn)化。.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別。二、現(xiàn)在完成時的基本構(gòu)成have/has+過去分詞三、現(xiàn)在完成時的基本句式.肯定句式第三人稱單數(shù)以外的主語+have+過去分詞….第三人稱單數(shù)主語+has+過去分詞…？.否定句式第三人稱單數(shù)以外的主語+have't+過去分詞….第三人稱單數(shù)主語+hasn't+過去分詞…..一般疑問句式及答語Have+主語+過去分詞...？ Yes,...have. No,...haven't.Has+主語+過去分詞...？ Yes,...has. No,...hasn't..特殊疑問句式疑問詞WhozWherezWhat/How/Howlong等+have/has+主語+過去分詞…？四、現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法1.表示過去發(fā)生或已結(jié)束的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。1)一Howtidytheofficeis!辦公室多么整潔??！Whohascleanedit?誰打掃的？一HoneyandNancy. (過去有人打掃辦公室,現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果:辦公室很干凈)2)—Tony,haveyoustoppedsmoking?-Yes.Drinkingteaismyfavoritenow.(過去我戒煙了,現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果:喝茶是我最喜愛的)3)Youdon'thavetodescribeMandyindetail.Ihavemetherseveraltimes.(過去我見到她好幾次了,現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果:你不必詳細(xì)描述曼迪了)學(xué)練同步:學(xué)中用，用中學(xué)，學(xué)用結(jié)合，學(xué)以致用!((((()1.Themachinedoesn'twork.Infact,itforseveralyears.A.didn'tworkB.hasn'twork C.doesn'tworked D.neverworks)2.—Ward,youdon'tlookwell.You'dbettergotoseethedoctor.-Oh,I.Hesaidnothingwaswrongwithme.A.have B.did C.will D.do)3.TheWorldWithoutThievesisaverymovingfilm.Iittwicealready.A.saw B.haveseenC.willsee)4.—Haveyourepairedyourwatch?一Yes.Iitabouttwentyminutesago.A.repaired B.willrepairC.haverepaired)5.myauntthreetimestodaybutherlinewasalwaysbusy.A.I'dphonedB.I'vephoned C.I'mphoningD.hadseenD.isrepairingD.Iwasphoning（ ）6.YoUdon'thavetodescribethegirlindetail.Weherseveraltimes.A.willmeet B.met C.meet D.havemet（ ）7.Alan'sMP4islost.Hehaslookedforiteverywhere,butstillit.A.doesn'tfindB.didn'tfind C.hasn'tfoundD.won'tfind（ ）8.-Youdon'tfeelwell.youyourtemperature?—Yes.Ihavegotafever.A.Did,take B.Have,taken C.Have,took D.Will,take2.have/hasbeentohave/hasgonetohave/hasbeenin曾去過某地（強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)歷）已去某地了（現(xiàn)在沒回到出發(fā)地）

已去某地一段時間（與時間段連用）注意這三組短語與副詞where，abroad,here,there等連用時應(yīng)去掉to,to,in,就分別成了have/hasbeen,have/hasgone,have/hasbeen.1）—Wherehaveyoubeenduringthesummerholidays?暑假期間你去過哪兒?—Ihavebeentomyaunt's.我去過姑姑家。（詢問暑假期間去過哪兒,重在問經(jīng)歷,去過姑姑家,強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)歷）2）—Idon'tfeelwell.Ihaveatoothache.—Sorrytohearthat.Haveyoubeentothedentist's?—Yes,Ihave. （聽到對方說牙疼,詢問去過牙醫(yī)診所了嗎,重在問經(jīng)歷）3）—WherehasJulietbeenduringthesummerholidays?暑假期間Juliet去過哪兒？—ShehasbeentoSydney.她去過Sydney。（詢問暑假期間去過哪兒,重在問經(jīng)歷,去過Sydney,強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)歷）4）—Howmanytimeshaveyoubeenabroad?你出國多少次了？一Ihavebeenabroadtwice.我出國兩次了。5）一Where'sourchairman?Ihavesomethingimportanttotellhim.—HehasgonetotheIibrary.（他去圖書館了,現(xiàn)在沒回到出發(fā)地）6）—TheWhitesareonvacation.一Wherehavetheygone?—I'venoidea. （懷特一家在度假,現(xiàn)在沒有回到出發(fā)地）7）—YouhavebeeninSingaporeformorethan3months.Howdoyoulikelivingthere?你去新加坡3個多月了,你認(rèn)為生活在那兒怎么樣？一It'sgreat.Ireallyloveit. （去新加坡3個多月了,強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)了一段時間）8）—Howlonghaveyoubeenabroad?你去國外多久了？—Ihavebeenabroadforaround2years.我出國大約2年了。9）Tessisnotathome.ShehasbeeninTokyofortwoWeekS.（她去Tokyo兩周了,強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)了一段時間）10）—HasHarveyarrivedyet?—Hehasbeenhereforseveraldays. （他到這兒好幾天了,強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)了一段時間）重視學(xué)習(xí)過程：學(xué)得明白，才能想得明白！用have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto,have/hasbeenin填空一youeveranamusementpark?—No,never.—Howmanytimesyouawaterpark?—Itheretwice.—HasBrucearrivedyet?—Yes,hehereforseveraldays.WhereisPeter?Idon'tknowwherehe.Hi,Paul!Whereyou?DiCkislookingforyou.—Mark,Ihaven'tseenyourbrotherforalongtime.一HeAustriaonbusinessfornearlyoneyear.MissYukioisnotinheroffice.Shetheschoollibraryandshethereforhalfanhour.AlthoughKellyisonlysixyearsold,hemanyplacesintheworld.WadeChinaforfiveyears.Hesayshelikeslivingherequiteabit.一youevertheUnitedStates?—Yes,twice.-Hello,thisisLilyspeaking.CouldIspeaktoMr.Black?—Sorry.Hethesupermarket.Hewillcomebackin15minutes.—IhearHainanIslandisworthvisiting.youeverthere?—Yes,Iwenttherewithmyparentslastwinter.FranksaysthattheWhitesareonholiday,butnooneknowswherethey—.—Howlongyouabroad?—Iabroadforabout3years.—Whereyouthesedays?—IhavejustcomebackfromQingdao.—WhereisAlice?—Sheisn'thererightnow.Shethepostoffice.3.現(xiàn)在完成時可與ever,never,just,before,yet,already等連用。注意ever曾經(jīng)用于肯定句或問句。never從不,從來沒有用于否定句。just剛剛用于肯定句。before以前獨(dú)立用于現(xiàn)在完成時句末。already已經(jīng)用于肯定句中間或末尾。yet已經(jīng)用于問句末；yet還,尚,迄今,到那時用于否定句末。理論聯(lián)系實踐：培養(yǎng)用知識解決實際問題的能力！用ever,never,just,before,yet,already填空。A:HaveyoubeentoSweden?No,I'vebeentoanyEuropeancountries,butBeckhasbeentoFrance.HehascomebackfromParis.Helikesitverymuch.Hesayshehasbeentosuchabeautifulcountry.A:Haveyouseenhim?B:Yes,Ihaveseenhim.A:Hi,Dick!Youhavereturnedhome?B:Yes.IwentsightseeinginHangzhou.Haveyoubeenthere?No,.Infact,Ihaveseensuchabeautifulviewbefore.Bytheway,hasWardcalledyouup?Yes,hehascalledmeup.Heinvitedmetogoforapicnictomorrowmorning.Let'sgotheretogether.AndyoucantelluswhatyousawandheardinHangzhou.4.現(xiàn)在完成時表示從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),表示持續(xù)動作或狀態(tài)的動詞多是延續(xù)性動詞,和從過去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時間連用。這類時間詞語有：for+時間段sincethen從那時以來since+表示過去的時間點(diǎn)(如sincelastnight)since+一般過去時 從 以來over/inthePaStZlast+時間段sofar到目前為止uptonow直到現(xiàn)在thesedays這些天在過去的一段時間里inrecent(few)years在近幾年里bynow到現(xiàn)在為止nowadays當(dāng)今today今天recently最近allthese+時間段—Whathashappenedtoyourhometown'shousesnowadays?今天你家鄉(xiāng)的房屋已發(fā)生了什么變化？—Moretallbuildingshaveappeared.出現(xiàn)了更多的高樓。China,acountrywiththelargestpopulationintheworld,hasencouragedmorepeopletolearnEnglishsincethe1970s.從20世紀(jì)70年代以來,中國這個世界上人口最多的國家一直鼓勵更多的人學(xué)英語。Inthepast20yearsEnglishlearninghasbeenverypopularwithChineseyoungpeople.ManyofthemhavedonewellinEnglishandhavemadegreatprogressinspeakingit.在過去的20年里,學(xué)英語已經(jīng)很受中國年輕人歡迎,其中許多人英語學(xué)得很好，而且在說英語方面取得了巨大進(jìn)步。Sincethe1940sAmericahasbecomemoreandmorepowerful.TheAmericancomputerandInternetindustryhastakentheleadingpositionintheworld.從20世紀(jì)40年代以來美國變得越來越強(qiáng)大。美國的電腦和因特網(wǎng)產(chǎn)業(yè)已在世界上占據(jù)領(lǐng)先地位。Ourgovernmenthasdrawnupmanypoliciestogivesupporttopoorfamiliesinrecentyears.近些年我們的政府制定了許多幫助貧困家庭的政策。知能互動：知道不等于理解,理解不等于懂！( )1.-Whatanicecellphone!Howlonghaveyouhadit?—twoyearsago.A.Since B.For C.In D.After( )2.Iwon'tforgetmyteacher,MissBrown,becauseshekindtomesinceIcametothisschool.A.is B.was C.havebeenD.hasbeen( )3.Greatchangesinourhometowninrecentyears.A.happenedB.havehappenedC.tookplaceD.havetakenplace()4.—It'srainingoutside!Whendiditstart?—Idon'tknowexactly.Infact,itallthisafternoon.A.lasts B.haslasted C.lasted D.willlast( )5.ThecountrylifeDickwasusedtogreatlysincethereformandopeningup.A.changeB.haschangedC.ischangingD.havechanged( )6.Since1996,Luoyanghasbecomeanewcity.Everythingchanged.A.is B.was C.has D.had( )7.LiPingEnglishfor8years.NowshecanspeakquitegoodEnglish.A.learntB.haslearnt C.islearningD.learns( )8.heboughtacar,hehasdriventosendhiswifetoherworkplaceandgetherhome.A.After B.Before C.Since D.For()9.—Hasn'tRitacomeyet?—No,Iforherfornearly2hours.A.amwaiting B.havewaitedC.waited D.waswaiting()10.WendywithaChinesefamilyfortwoyears.Nowshe'susedtothelifeinChina.A.stays B.wouldstayC.isstaying D.hasstayed短暫性動詞的完成時態(tài)與一段時間連用時的轉(zhuǎn)化形式短暫性動詞的完成時態(tài)不能和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用，短暫性動詞與一段時間連用時,通常要轉(zhuǎn)化形式。短暫性動詞與一段時間連用的轉(zhuǎn)化形式為：begin beonbegintostudy studyborrow keepcatch/getacold haveacoldbuy/get haveclose beclosedcomeback——bebackcome/go/arrive/get behere/there/in…cometowork work die bedeadfallill/sick/asleep——beill/sick/asleep

getup beup finish/end beoverjoin bein/beamemberofmarry bemarried getmarried——bemarriedopen(動詞,開,開業(yè)) beopen(形容詞,開著的,營業(yè)的)sitdown beseatedCometo beindress bedressedgoout beoutgettoknow knowleave beaway(from)moveto liveinputon wearorbeon辨別正誤：煉就火眼金睛,去偽存真.我買這個手機(jī)4年了。Ihaveboughtthiscellphonefor4years.Ihavehadthiscellphonefor4years/SinCe4yearsago..毛主席已經(jīng)去世37年了。ChairmanMaohasdiedfor37years.ChairmanMaohasbeendeadfor36years/since37yearsago..Amy曾經(jīng)去過國外嗎？HasAmyeverbeenabroad?HasAmyevergoneabroad?.自從上星期二DiCk就來這兒了。DiCkhasbeenheresincelastTuesday.DickhascomeheresincelastTuesday..我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。Ihaveleftmyhometownfor10years.Ihavebeenawayfrommyhometownfor10years..這個水果市場開業(yè)還不到一個月。Thisfruitmarkethasbeenopenfornomorethanonemonth.Thisfruitmarkethasopenedfornomorethanonemonth.短暫性動詞與一段時間連用時的轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)1.Thefilmbegan5minutesago.→Thefilm for5minutes.2.Theyleftanhourago.→They foranhour.3.Thedogdiedaweekago.→J -Thedog foraweek.4.Hejoinedtheclub3daysago.→?-, He theclubfor3days.5.Theygotmarried10yearsago.→They Jfor10years.6.Hecamehereanhourago.→J -He Jheresinceanhourago.7.Jackgothome2hoursago.→Jack ?-, homefor2hours.8.Ericopenedasmallstorelastyear.→Thestore sincelastyear.9.Theygottoknow10yearsago.→They — J since10yearsago.10.Iborrowedthebookaweekago.→I thebookforaweek.11.Iboughtthecarayearago.→I thecarsinceayearago.單項選擇:注重理解能力、綜合分析問題能力的培養(yǎng)()1.—Yourdressissonice.Howlongyouit?—SincelastWednesday.A.have,bought B.did,buy C.have,had D.do,buy()2.IPlaytabletennisverywell,butItimetoPlaysincelastterm.A.haveno B.don'thave C.didn'thad D.haven'thave()3.—Ihaven'tseenamoviethisyear.—NeitherI.It'sbeentwoyearssinceIsawthelastmovie.A.have B.did C.do D.will()4.Over600millionpeoplehavevisitedDisneylandparksaroundtheworldAmericanDisneylandopenedinJuly1955.A.from B.since C.after D.before()5.—Howlonghaveyou?—Since1984.A.boughttheMP4 B.joinedthearmyC.livedinthiscity D.becomeamidfieldplayer()6.Comparedwithlastyear,ourpayabout$75permonth.A.hasincreasedbyB.increasedby C.hasincreasedD.increasedto()7.—Howareyoutoday?—Oh,IasillasIdonowforaverylongtime.A.didn'tfeel B.wasn'tfeeling C.haven'tfelt D.don'tfeel()8.TheHarryPotterbooksprettypopularwithteenagerssincetheywerepublished.A.become B.arebecoming C.havebecome D.became()9.—I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.—Oh,notatall.Ihereforonlyafewminutes.A.was B.am C.havebeen D.havearrived注意：短暫性動詞的完成時態(tài)在否定句中可以和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。1)Ihaven'tseenGaleforalongtime.Wherehashegone?我已經(jīng)好久沒看到Gale了,他去哪兒了？2)Myaunthasn'tleftherhometowninrecentyears.近幾年我姑姑沒有離開過家鄉(xiāng)。3)Genehasn'twrittentohisfamilysinceThanksgiving,sohedecidestodoitnow.Gene從感恩節(jié)以來就沒給家人寫過信,因此他決定現(xiàn)在給家人寫信。4)—Wehaven'theardfromJaneforalongtime.Isupposesomethingmusthavehappenedtoher.我們很久沒收到Jane的信了。我猜她一定發(fā)生什么事情了?！狪don'tthinkso.ASthesayinggoes,nonewsisgoodnews.5)Theflowersaredying.Wehaven'twateredthemforweeks. 這些花快要死了,我們幾周沒給花兒澆水了。用現(xiàn)在完成時的句型Therehave/hasbeen...已經(jīng)有或發(fā)生了 TherehavebeengreatchangesinChinainthepast30years.在過去的30年里中國發(fā)生了巨大變化。it用作主語談?wù)摃r間,常與since連用。常用結(jié)構(gòu)有兩種：Ithasbeen+一段時間+since+一般過去時Itis+一段時間+since+一般過去時IthasbeenalongtimesinceNeilleftChina.=ItisalongtimesinceNeilleftChina.Neil已經(jīng)離開中國很久了。Howlonghasitbeensincewelastwenttothecinema?=Howlongisitsincewelastwenttothecinema? 我們多久沒看電影了？Itisthefirst/secondtime…that…中that從句部分用現(xiàn)在完成時。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.Itisthethirdtimethattheboyhasbeenlate.Thisisthe…that…中that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)seen, 這是我看過的最好的電影。Thisisthefirsttime(that)I,veheardhimsing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌?，F(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時:過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在情況，不和yesterday,lastnight,in2008,threeyearsago,justnow等表示過去的時間直接連用。()1.RoseCametoPerthin2004.Sheherefor8years.A.is B.came C.hasbeenD.hascome()2.-Wouldyouliketogoandseethemoviewithmetonight?一Thankyou,butIitalready.A.saw B.haveseen C.see D.willsee()3.一Howlonghastheweatherbeenlikethis?A.UntillastnightB.Eversincelastnight

()4.Hurryup!Themovieforfiveminutes.C.TwodaysagoD.TwodayslaterA.began B.hasbegun C.started()5.一Whyareyousolate?Thetrainforabouttenminutes.—Sorry.Iforgotthetime.A.left B.hasleft C.wasaway()6.一Howlongyourbrotherjoinedthearmy?—Abouthalfayear.A.has B.had C.isitsinceD.hasbeenonD.hasbeenawayD.wastherethat()7.ItoCanadaseveraltimes.It'ssobeautiful.A.won'tgo B.don'tgo C.havegone D.havebeen()8.ThisisthemostexcitingmatchthatIwatched.A.havenever B.haveever C.don't D.didn't一般過去時:描述過去的動作或狀態(tài),強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的情況,與lastweek,fivedaysago,in1986,yesterdayevening,justnow等表示過去的時間直接連用。()1.—HaveyoueverbeentoNewYork?—Yes,Itherefourmonthsago.A.havebeenB.havegoneC.went D.wentto()2.一ThesefarmershavebeentoGermany.—Really?Whentheythere?A.have,beenB.did,go C.have,goneD.will,go()3.—Hi,Rita.Youseemtobetired.What'sthematter?—Iwelllastnight.A.didn'tsleepB.haven'tsleptC.don'tsleep D.won'tsleep()4.I'msorryyou'vemissedthetrain.It10minutesago.A.hasleft B.left C.leaves D.isleaving()5.—Howwasyourweekend?—Great!Weapicnicbythelake.A.havehadB.arehavingC.had D.willhave()6.—Scotthasalreadyreturnedtoourtown.—Really?Whereyouhim?A.do,see B.have,seenC.will,see D.did,see()7.Itissaidthatpotatochipsbymistakeaboutahundredyearsago.A.wereinvented B.invented C.haveinvented D.invent()8.TinaandherparentstoFinlandforsightseeinglastsummer.A.go B.went C.willgo D.havegone()9.—Theskirtlooksdifferentfromothersanditisverypretty.—Thanks.Itbymymotherlastmonth.A.made B.hasbeenmade C.wasmade D.ismaking()10.Alicestoodtherewatchinguntilthetrainfromview.A.disappears B.willdisappear C.disappeared D.hasdisappeared動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成規(guī)則(一)規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞與過去式相同1、一般在動詞原形末尾加-edhelp→helped,look→looked,play→played,work→worked,listen→listened,wash→washed,clean→cleaned,2、結(jié)尾是e的動詞加--dlive---livedhope---hopeduse---usedlike---liked3、末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞,先雙寫這個輔音字母,再加一edstop---stoppedstep—steppedchat—chattedplan---planned4、結(jié)尾是“輔音字母+y”的動詞,先變“y”為“i”再加一edstudy-studiedcarry---carriedcry---criedworry→worried(二)不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞：a.過去分詞與動詞原形的拼寫形式相同：let→let,put→put,read→read,cost→cost,cut→cuti→u:begin→begun,drink→drunk,dig→dug,ring→rung,sing→sung,swim→swumdrive→driven,give→given,rise→risenride→riddenwrite→writtenow→own:grow→grown,know→known,throw→thrownf.含ough或augh的：bring→brought,buy→bought,think→thought；catch→caught,teach→taughtg.am∕is∕are→been do∕does→donego→gone have∕has→had不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞平時出現(xiàn)要留心,逐個熟記,注意積累。典型例題探究:啟迪思維,舉一反三,學(xué)得更輕松！—Doyouknowourtownatall?一No,thisisthefirsttimeIhere.A.was B.havebeen C.came D.amcoming簡析:ThiSisthefirsttime后面所加從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時,故選B?！狧aveyoubeentoourtownbefore?一No,it'sthefirsttimeIhere.A.already,comeB.already,havecome C.ever,comeD.ever,havecome簡析:ever意為曾經(jīng)或無論何時，反意詞為never。ThisisthelargestfishIhaveeverseen.Itis/wasthefirsttime+that-clause的句型中,從句要用完成時,故選D。—Hello，thisisLilyspeaking.CouldIspeaktoMr.Black?—Sorry.HetotheXUanWULakePark.A.hasbeenB.wentC.hasgoneD.willgo簡析:要找的人此時不在,說明此時已去了玄武湖公園,用現(xiàn)在完成時。hasbeento表示已去過某個地方,而現(xiàn)在不在那個地方了,故選C。Inthepastfewyearstheregreatchangesinmyhometown.A.havebeenB.wereC.hadbeenD.are簡析:over/inthelast/past+一段時間為現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志,故選A?！猟idyouruncleleavehishometown?—Hefornearlytwentyyears.A.Howlong,hasbeenaway B.When,hasleftC.When,hasbeenaway D.Howlong,hasleft簡析:第一空根據(jù)did...leave選When,第二空根據(jù)fornearlytwentyyears選hasbeenaway.連線中考，明了命題規(guī)律，躍出題海，智慧備考！( )1.—Howlongyouhere?—Forabouttwoyearssofar.A.have;studiedB.did;live C.do;come D.will;stay()2.PaultohisfamilysinceThanksgiving,sohedecidestodoitnow.A.hasn'twritten B.didn'twrite C.hadn'twritten D.won'twrite()3.PetersaysthattheWhitesareonholiday,butnooneknowswhere.A.theyhavebeen B.arethey C.aretheyfrom D.theyhavegone( )4.—Tony,yousmoking?一Yes.Drinkingteaismyfavoritenow.A.will;stop B.did;stop C.would;stopD.have;stopped( )5.—Wow,somanynewhouses!Ican’tbelievethat.ItUSedtobeapoorvillage.—Yes.WiththedevelopmentofChina,haschangedhere.A.nothing B.something C.everythingD.anything( )6.—Manyhistor