高一英語語法復(fù)習

TheAttributiveClause定語從句1.定義：2.先行詞：3.關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞：在復(fù)合句中用來用來修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞（antecedent）。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系副詞：Who,whom,whose,which,that等When,where,why等關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的作用：1、引導(dǎo)作用2、替代作用3、在定語從句中擔當某個成分的作用Eg:1.Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.2.Thisisthehousewherehewasborn.3.Bill,whowashereyesterday,askedmealotofquestions.關(guān)系代詞的用法指代所作成分是否可省略ThatWhichWhoWhomwhose人；物物人人人、物主語；賓語主語；賓語主語；賓語賓語定語作賓語可省作賓語可省作賓語可省可省不可省關(guān)系副詞的用法指代所作成分是否可省略WhenWherewhy時間狀語否地點狀語否原因狀語否

判斷下列引導(dǎo)詞在句中的用法Eg:1.Heissuchamanwhonevertellsalie.2.Heisthemodelworkerwhom/whoweshouldlearnfrom.3.Adictionaryisabookwhichoftenhelpsustoknowthemeaningsofthewords.4.ThisisthefilmwhichIlikebest.5.Theboywhosefatherisaprofessorisoneofmybestfriends.指代、所作成分、是否可省略6.Thehousewhoseroofwasblownawaybythestormwillberebuiltsoon.7.Itwas11o’clockwhentheaccidenthappenedlastnight.8.ThisisthevillagewhereIwasbroughtup.關(guān)系代詞which和that的區(qū)別：A.關(guān)系代詞必須用that的情形：ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.Thefirstmanarrivedattheclasswasourheadteacher.ThisistheonlyticketthatIgotyesterday.ThisistheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?Allthatyouhavetodoistopressthebutton.Thereisnotimethatwecanwaste.Thecaranditsdriverthatknockeddowntheoldladyhavebeentakentothepolicestation.Summarize:

只能用that引導(dǎo)定語從句的幾種情況1)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾時。2）先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾時。3)先行詞是不定代詞all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等.4）先行詞被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修飾。5）先行詞既有人又有物時。B.指物時，作介詞的賓語，關(guān)系代詞只能用whichThisisthequestionaboutwhichwe’vehadsomuchdiscussion.Practice:1.Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverything_____hesawatthefront.A.whatB.that

C.which

D.where2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_______shecouldturnforhelp.(1992)

A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom

3.

Idon’tlike__________youspeaktoher.(1993上海)

A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich

BDACorrectthefollowingsentences:1.ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveseen.

2.That’sallwhichwanttosay.

ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.

That’sallthatIwanttosay.

3.Isthereanythingwhichyouwantinthisshop?

4.Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbooks

which/whowereunknowntousall.

5.Theroominthatshelivesisalargeone.

Isthereanythingthatyouwantinthisshop?

Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbooksthatwereunknowntousall.

Theroominwhichshelivesisalargeone.

關(guān)系副詞when,where,why的用法1.Doyoustillrememberthedaywhenwewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?Doyoustillrememberthedayonwhichwewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?2.Thisisthefactorywheremyfatheronceworked.Thisisthefactoryinwhichmyfatheronceworked.3.Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.Thisisthereasonforwhichhewaslate.Summarize:在定語從句中關(guān)系副詞都等于一個適當?shù)慕樵~加上which，在從句中作狀語When=in/at/on/…+which;Where=in/at/on/…+which;Why=for/…+whichPractice:

1.----IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.(1999)

---Isthatthereason_______youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where

2.I’mgoingtovisittheschool_________mymothertaughtphysicstenyearsago.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what3.Doyoustillremembertheday___________IfirstcametoBeijing?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.whereAAC關(guān)系副詞when,where和關(guān)系代詞that,which的區(qū)分同樣是修飾一個地點，有時使用where，有時使用that/which；同樣是修飾一個時間，有時使用when，有時使用that/which主要看：從句意思是否完整；完整的話需用關(guān)系副詞，若意思不完整則需加關(guān)系代詞充當某個成分。請比較以下句子：Thisistheparkthatwevisitedlastyear.(從句意思不完整需要加賓語)Thisistheparkwhereweheldabirthdayparty.（從句完整，只需加上特定的關(guān)系副詞）That’sthedatethatshewon’tforgetforever.That’sthedatewhenwewenttothecollege.Ilikethetimethatwehadtogether.Ilikethetimewhenwelivedtogether.

限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句定義：

限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的修飾成分，否則主句的意思不完整或不成立。非限制性定語從句只對所修飾的詞作進一步的說明，去掉之后主句的意思照樣完整。Comparethefollowingsentences:Amanwhodoesnottrytolearnfromotherscan’tachievemuch.There’remanyplays(that)I’dliketosee.ThisnotewasleftbyXiaoWu,whowasjusthere.YesterdayMrBrownpaidavisittoHangzhou,whichisfamousforitsWestLake.Theyhaveinvitedmetovisittheircountry,whichisverykindofthem.Summarize:1.

限制性定語從句常和先行詞緊密相連；非限制性定語從句與先行詞之間常用逗號分開。2.非限制性定語從句不能用that來引導(dǎo)。3.非限制性定語從句有時可以用來修飾整個句子。*關(guān)系代詞和人稱代詞/指示代詞的選擇

①Hehasthreesons,noneof_____isadoctor.②Hehasthreesons,butnoneof____isadoctor.③Hehasthreesons,_______aredoctors.④Hehasthreesons;____aredoctors.A.whomB.themC.theyD.whoADBCPractice:1.________isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.(2001)

A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What2.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,________ofgreatimportancetoscience.

(1998)

A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis3.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears______Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,__________hasagreateffectonmylife.(1994上海)A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;whoBABCorrectmistakesforthefollowingsentences.1.Underthebigtreeare34students,manyofthemcomefromclasstwo.2.Mymotherhasagoodbook,whichcoverlooksterrible.3.Whoaretheyounggirlswhoarehavingdinnerintherestaurant?4.Sheisoneofthegirlswhoisveryinterestedinmaths.5.Tomistheonlyoneoftheboyswholikeplayingfootball.6.Whoisthegirlthatyoutalkedtoherjustnow?7.Thisistheverypenthatyougaveittomebefore.8.Thereisanoldwoman,thatisholdingastick.whomwhosethatarelikes去掉her去掉itwho主動表示被動：某些感官動詞和系動詞加形容詞可以表示被動意義，如look,smell,taste,feel,prove,wear,sound等Theflowersmellssweet.Thedishtastesdelicious.Theclothfeelsverysoft.Thestoneshavewornsmooth.2.某些及物動詞后加副詞（有些可不加副詞）表示事物固有的屬性或特征,也可以表示被動意義，如wash,write,sell,read,open,cut,lock,peel,pack,play,shut,spot,split,strike,record,act,clean,draw,iron,keep,photograph等Thistypeofrecordersellswell.Thatkindofshirtwashesverywell.Ripeapplespeeleasily.Theplayswon’tact.Nylondriesquickly.6)Thenovelreadswell.7)Thedooropenswithdifficulty.8)Thewoodwon’tburn.9)Waterheatsrapidly.10)Thiskindofshirtcleanseasily.11)Hercoatcaughtinthedoor/onthenail.比較：1.Theboxdoesn’tlock.

這個箱子鎖不上。（箱子本身的性質(zhì)）2.Theboxwasnotlocked.

這個箱子沒有上鎖。（箱子當時的狀態(tài)）3.Thetheoryprovedtobecorrect.

那個理論證明是正確的。（含有自身證明的特征）4.Thetheorywasprovedtobecorrect.

那個理論被證明是正確的。（被人證明）3.want,need,require,和beworth等詞的后面可以用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。Thebookisworthreading.Thecoatrequiresmending.Thechildrenneedslookingafter.Thetablewantscleaning.那是不堪想象的。這規(guī)則需要下點功夫才能學會。某些作表語(expensive,cheap,difficult,fit,hard,light,heavy,easy,的形容詞后，用不定式形式表示被動意義。Theboxistooheavytolift.Sheiseasytoapproach.Thefishisnotfittoeat.Heishardtoplease.Thepassageisdifficulttoread.Thejewelistooexpensivetobuy.Therearealotofworktodo/tobedone.Therearealotofworkforus

todo.ThePassiveVoice

被動語態(tài)了解被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：be+P.P2、形式:1）一般現(xiàn)在時：am/is/are+P.P

1.英語中有兩種語態(tài)，主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)2)一般過去時：was/were+P.P3)情態(tài)動詞+be+P.P4)一般將來時：will+be+p.p5)現(xiàn)在完成時：have/has+been+P.P6)現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)：is/am/are+being+P.P1.Bananas

aregrown

inHainan.(海南種植香焦。）2.Manymoretrees

willbeplanted

inourschoolnextyear.（我們學校明年將種更多的樹。）3.Were

thetrees

planted

byhim.這些樹是他種的嗎？4.Youngtrees

mustbelookedafter.

(必須照看好小樹）5.Thebuilding

isbeingbuilt.(那棟樓房正在建設(shè)中。）6.Thehomework

hasbeenfinished

yet.

（家作已經(jīng)做完了。）1.Heteaches

English

inourschool.

Englishistaughtinourschoolbyhim.語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換賓提前變主，主變介by賓，被動be加done,時態(tài)看主動2.We

plantedmanytreeslastyears.Manytrees

wereplanted

byuslastyear.過去時的被動語態(tài)：

was/were+P.P3.We

shouldplantmanymoretrees.Manymoretreesshouldbeplantedbyus.含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞+be+PP4.ShewillteachClass6.Class6willbetaughtbyher.將來時的被動語態(tài)：Will/shall+be+PP5.Manycountrieshavesentupsatellitesintospace.Satelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.完成時的被動語:Have/has+been+PP現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)：

is+being+pp6.SheisteachingClass6.Class6isbeingtaughtbyher.I

wasgiven

abook

byher.Abook

wasgiven

tome

byher.7.Shegave

me

abook.如遇雙賓語，最好變間賓，如若變直賓，間賓前to/for（pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell…）8.Hemademe

do

thework.

Iwasmade

todo

theworkbyhim.這些動詞真奇怪，主動句中to離開，被動句中to回來。（feel,listento,hear,lethave,make,lookat,see,watch…)9.They

takegoodcareof

thebaby.Thebabyis

takengoodcareof

bythem.注意：含動詞詞組的被動語態(tài)，須將其看作一個整體，不可把它們分隔開來。1Stamps______bypeopleforsendingletters.A.useB.usingC.usedD.areused.2.Mustoldpeople_____topolitely?A.speakB.spokenC.bespokeD.bespoken3.Bikemustn’t_____everywhere.A.beupB.beputC.putC.putting4.Thewomanfelloffthebikeand____ontheroad.A.layB.waslainC.liedD.haslainDDBA5.Theoldmanandthechildren_____inourcountry.A.musttakegoodcare.B.mustbetakegoodcareofC.musttakegoodcareofDmustbetakengoodcareof6.Alltreesmust_____wellwhenitisdry.A.bewaterB.wateringC.waterD.bewatered7.__Ithinktheshop_____________.__No,it’sopen.It_____________atsix.close,closeBclosed,closedC.closed;closesD.isclosed,closesDDD將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，每空一詞。

1.Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays.

Thework_______________intwodays.

2.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou.

Silk___________inSuzhou.

3.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.

AnEnglishsong_______________bythechildren.

4.Youneedn'tdoitnow.

It___________________byyounow.

5.LucysentmeaNewYearCardlastweek.

ANewYearCard____________mebyLucylast

week.

6.Hemademedothatforhim.

I__________________thatforhim.

7.Ihavegiventhisbooktothelibrary.

Thisbook_________________tothelibrary.canbefinishedisproducedwillbesungneedn’tbedonewassenttowasmadetodohasbeengivenAtrafficaccident________(happen)justnow.happened2.連系動詞（Link.v.)

如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become…PekingOpera________(sound)beautiful.sounds3.當此動詞表示事物的自然屬性的時候:Thepen_________(write)veryfast.writesThiskindofsweater_______(sell)well.sells1.不及物動詞（vi.)

如:happen,takeplace,appear,disappear,…不用被動語態(tài)的動詞：1.Largenumbersofplasticbags_________(use)inthesupermarketseveryday.2._____ourcountry____(send)upanotherman-madesatellitelastyear?3.Musttheoldpeople___________(speak)topolitely?4.Hergrandmawasstillalivewhenhe_________(take)tothehospital.5.English__________(speak)inmanycounties.areusedDidsendbespokenwastakenisspoken6.Threequartersoftheworld’sbooks____________(write)inEnglish.7.Thiskindofsweater__________(sell)well.8._________Lesson50___________(teach)nextweek?arewrittensellsWillbetaught

Fillintheblanksusingrightforms:1.Allthestudents__________(ask)tobringakitewiththemlastSunday.2.Aremanyways_______(try)tostoppeoplefromcuttingdownsomanytrees?3.—Whatareonshowinthemuseum?—Somephotos_________(take)byAmericanchildren.4.Thiscoat_________(wash)well.9.Haveyoufoundyournecklace________(偷)lastweek?6.I’moften_________(警告）nottocopyothers’homework.7.Hecouldn’texplainwhydinosaurs___________(消失).8.I’llhavemybike__________________(修理)tomorrow.5.Musttheoldpeople____________(speak)topolitely?10.ThePRCwas_________(成立)onOctober1,1949.wereasked

triedtakenwashesbespokenwarneddisappearedmended／repairedstolenfoundedThankyou!Goodbye!IndirectSpeechDirectSpeechand

一字不改地引用或復(fù)述別人的話，被引用或復(fù)述的部分就叫直接引語；直接引語必須都放在引號中，其位置常在句尾或句首。用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話；被轉(zhuǎn)述的部分就叫間接引語；間接引語不必用括號，一般用賓語從句或復(fù)合賓語表達法。

原封不動引用別人的原話,原話在引號中?！癟akeoffyourboots,”hesaid.“Idon’tknowwhereyourbikeis,”

saidtheArab.“I’msorry,”theprofessorsaidtotheclass,“butnoneofyouwatchedcarefullyenough.”DirectSpeech:用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人所說的內(nèi)容。通常以賓語從句的形式出現(xiàn)。當直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，有關(guān)的人稱、語序、時態(tài)、代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語、和少數(shù)動詞都要作相應(yīng)的改變。IndirectSpeech:時態(tài)的變化直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在完成時一般過去時一般將來時一般過去時過去進行時過去完成時過去完成時或不變過去將來時現(xiàn)在完成進行時過去完成進行時

過去進行時過去（完成）進行時

過去完成時過去完成時將來進行時過去將來進行時附：代詞時間狀語地點狀語少數(shù)動詞直接間接thistheseherenowcomebringcanmaymustthatthosetherethengotakecouldmighthadto

直接

間接threeyearsagothreeyearsbeforelastyeartheyearbeforelastweektheweekbeforethisyearthatyearnextweekthe

nextweeknextyearthefollowingyeartodaythatdayyesterdaythedaybeforetomorrowThenextdaythefollowingday時間狀語陳述句：引語前用that引導(dǎo),有時也可以不用。Hesaid,“I

openedthewindowthismorning.”Hesaidthatheopenedthewindow

thatmorning.Mysistersaid,“We

havecleaned

thefloor.”Mysistersaidthattheyhadcleanedthefloor.Themanagersaidtome,“You

mustgotherenextweek.”ThemanagertoldmethatI

hadtogotherethenextweek.Thegirlsaid,“I

candomy

homeworkmyself.”Thegirlsaidthat

she

coulddoher

homeworkherself.如直接引語是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。Theteachersaidinclass,“Themoonmovesaroundtheearth.”Theteachersaidinclassthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.陳述句直接引語變間接引語的結(jié)構(gòu)：AsaidthatAtoldBthatThegirlsaidthat

she

coulddo

herhomeworkherself.Themanagertoldme

thatI

hadtogotherethenextweek.一般疑問句：變?yōu)殚g接引語后，要用陳述語序（主語先寫）用if或whether引導(dǎo)。時態(tài)等作相應(yīng)變化。Heasked,“Canyouhearme?”Heaskedif/whether

Icouldhear

him.Theteacherasked,“Have

youread

thisbook,Bob?”TheteacheraskedBob

if/whether

he

hadreadthatbook.Shesaidto

me,“Willyougotherewithme?”Sheaskedmeif/whether

I

would

gotherewithher.Sheasked,“Didyouseethefilm

yesterday,Peter?”SheaskedPeter

if/whether

he

hadseenthefilmthedaybefore.“Areyouleavingtodayor

tomorrow?”JoanaskedKate.JoanaskedKateif/whether

she

was

leavingthatdayorthenextday.一般疑問句直接引語變間接引語的結(jié)構(gòu)：Aaskedif/whetherAaskedBifwhetherHeaskedif/whether

Icouldhear

him.TheteacheraskedBob

if/whether

he

hadreadthatbook.特殊疑問句：變?yōu)殚g接引語后，仍用原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo)，用陳述語序。時態(tài)等作相應(yīng)變化?！疻hen

didtheybuild

thisbridge?”sheasked.Sheaskedwhentheybuilt

that

bridge.Theteacheraskedher,“Why

did

you

comelate?”Theteacheraskedherwhy

she

camelate.RobertaskedAlice,“Where

is

my

dictionary?”RobertaskedAlicewhere

his

dictionarywas.Mrs.Billaskedhim,“Whichbook

do

you

likebest?”Mrs.Billaskedhimwhichbookhe

likedbest.特殊疑問句直接引語變間接引語的結(jié)構(gòu)：Aasked+原句疑問詞AaskedB+原句疑問詞Sheaskedwhentheybuilt

that

bridge.Mrs.Billaskedhimwhichbookhe

likedbest.祈使句：改為間接引語后，就成了以不定式短語形式出現(xiàn)的賓語補足語（動詞常是ask/tell/order/advise/warn/remind等）。Hesaidtothegirl,“Doitatonce.”Hetoldthegirltodoitatonce.Mrs.Hillsaid,“please

singatour

party,Mary.”Mrs.HillaskedMarytosingat

theirparty.Shesaidtome,“Don’tsmokeintheclassroom.”Shetoldmenottosmokeintheclassroom.Hesaid,“Let’s

gofishing

tomorrow.”Hesuggested

goingfishing

thenextday.祈使句直接引語變間接引語的結(jié)構(gòu)

(~sbtodosth)：AtoldB(not)todo…AaskedB(not)todo…Hetoldthegirltodoitatonce.Mrs.HillaskedMarytosingattheirparty.二）祈使句改間接引語后是~sb(not)todosth

結(jié)構(gòu)注意以下幾點1.said/saidto要變成asked/told/order等可跟不定式作賓補的動詞。